Rhythm, Meter, and Timing: The Heartbeat of Musical Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 591-622
Author(s):  
Laurel J. Trainor ◽  
Susan Marsh-Rollo
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Musical Development ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
The Future ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Rhythmic Organization ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rhythmic Structures

Many biological processes have rhythmic organization, including the perception and production of music. Rhythms organize information that unfolds over time; they aid in parsing that information into meaningful hierarchical groupings; and the regularities of rhythms enable prediction of, and preparation for, when important information will occur in the future. Expressive deviations from isochronous timing convey emphasis, emotion, and meaning. Young infants are sensitive to timing and rhythm in music but these abilities become much more sophisticated during childhood. In the beginning, timing characteristics of infant-directed singing relate to the communication of emotional information. Through development, children become enculturated to the rhythmic structures in their environment, develop the oscillatory brain processes to link auditory and motor aspects of entrainment, become able to entrain movements to auditory rhythms, and use the synchronicity of movements between people to help make judgments about social relationships and who to trust and befriend.

scholarly journals Voices in Space or the Contemporary Realism in the Pedagogy of the Future Opera Singer

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-251
Author(s):  
Dumitriana Condurache ◽  
Consuela Radu-Țaga
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future ◽  
National University ◽  
Original Objective ◽  
Opera Singers ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The Romanian opera and operetta repertoire is a constant objective in the Opera Class of the Faculty of Performing, Composition, and Musical Theoretical Studies in “George Enescu” National University of Arts from Iași. The stylistic diversity and the richness of the drama make not only an important instrument for the study out of it, but also a moral debt for the knowledge and transmission of a music whose beauty – once (re)discovered – is a source of enchantment for the artists, as well as for the public. If in the beginning of the professional route singing in the mother tongue facilitates the work and the study of the opera singer, over time this option may enter an ethic of the performer, happily completing his repertoire. Although one of our main goals is to guide the students, future opera singers, to gain and to develop their acting skills so as to be natural and convincing on stage, contemporary realism does not exclude experiments. Having this in mind and in order to make studentsʼ work visible, we made an experimental video document, based on a first selection from our recitals, which is aimed to let the audience take a glance into the intimacy of our class study on Romanian opera and operetta, both from the musical and drama perspective. By changing the original objective – the entire presentation in semester exams of studentsʼ classroom work – the fragmentary nature of the processing gives a certain dynamism to our work. Changing the purpose brings things to a new light, the artistic overbearing the pedagogical, and last but not least, the Romanian music proving that it supports an experimental treatment.

A Dynamic Systems Approach to Personality

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

David Magnusson has been the most articulate spokesperson for a holistic, systems approach to personality. This paper considers three concepts relevant to a dynamic systems approach to personality: dynamics, systems, and levels. Some of the history of a dynamic view is traced, leading to an emphasis on the need for stressing the interplay among goals. Concepts such as multidetermination, equipotentiality, and equifinality are shown to be important aspects of a systems approach. Finally, attention is drawn to the question of levels of description, analysis, and explanation in a theory of personality. The importance of the issue is emphasized in relation to recent advances in our understanding of biological processes. Integrating such advances into a theory of personality while avoiding the danger of reductionism is a challenge for the future.

scholarly journals Agritourism—A Business Reality of the Moment for Romanian Rural Area’s Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6313
Author(s):  
Ramona Ciolac ◽  
Tiberiu Iancu ◽  
Ioan Brad ◽  
Tabita Adamov ◽  
Nicoleta Mateoc-Sîrb
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Managerial Experience ◽  
Over Time

The agritourism activity can be a characteristic reality of the present, considering rural area’s sustainability, being at the same time a business reality for rural entrepreneurs and a “must have” for rural communities that have tourism potential. It is a form of tourism, through which the tourist can receive a qualitative product at a reasonable price, but also a field that can ensure sustainable development over time, being at the same time environmentally friendly. The purpose of this scientific paper is to identify the aspects that make agritourism “a possible business reality of the moment”, for Romanian rural area’s sustainability. We take into account the following areas: Bran-Moieciu area—considered “the oldest” in terms of agritourism experience, and Apuseni Mountains area, with a great inclination and potential for this activity. The study conducted for these two areas is focused on several aspects: the degree of involvement in agritourism activities, considering the number of years and managerial experience, the analysis of the types of activities/experiences offered by agritourism structures, the identification of the main reasons/motivations for the orientation towards agritourism and the manner in which this field is perceived. Aspects related to the marketing-finance part of the agritourism business are also taken into account: customers, distribution channels, financial sources, shortcomings observed by agritourism business owners and possible action directions so as to improve the activity/agritourism product. Agritourism may be “a possible business reality of the moment” for the studied areas and not only, but in the future, the entrepreneur/farmer must be constantly updated because of the changing situations that appear on the market, be able to make sustainable decisions for his/her own business, which in the future will ensure its viability and obviously its long-term profitability and development, and in the same time rural area’s sustainability.

The Internet according to kids

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Jorian Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Online Banking ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Future ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
Over Time

Describes a six‐year study of children’s Internet usage which shows how preferences and habits have changed over time; this was conducted by SpectraCom Inc and Circle 1 network. Explains the research methodology and the objectives, which were to identify trends in the amount of time spent by children online now and in future, their opinions about the future role of the Internet in society and the future of e‐commerce, and parents’ roles in children’s online activities. Concludes that there is need for a more child‐friendly content in Internet sites and for more parental involvement, that children will be influential in the market for alternative devices like mobile phones, that online shopping is likely to flourish, and that children have a growing interest in online banking.

Voce voco. Ariadne in Ovids Heroides und die ‘weibliche’ Stimme

Mnemosyne ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Christoph Pieper
Keyword(s):  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Female Voice ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Roman Literature ◽  
Literary Character ◽  
The Future ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Female Perspective

Abstract The article analyses how Ovid in the 10th letter of his Heroides experiments with the concept of a female voice within Roman literature. Ovid constructs Ariadne as a literary speaker against the background of (1) the Augustan elegiac tradition with its mostly male speakers, (2) the earlier phases of the Ariadne-myth in which Ariadne’s fate is determined by men (Theseus and Bacchus), and (3) the reception of this myth in Catullus’ famous ecphrasis in carmen 64. In the beginning of Heroides 10, Ovid shows how Ariadne develops consciousness of her own ability to speak. She develops from a heterodiegetic (epic) narrator to a homodiegetic (elegiac) speaker. In a second step, however, Ovid demonstrates that Ariadne is not only generally inexperienced in the field of literature, but that her attempt to re-shape her own story from a female perspective must necessarily fail. Her literary character cannot be separated from the previous (male) myth. At the end of the letter, she accepts her own literary immaturity when she asks Theseus to be the future narrator of her own fate. By showing that Ovid in his Ariadne-letter actually stages the failure of his protagonist’s attempt to free herself from a male literary tradition, I suggest that the Heroides should not be read as female literature, but as texts which reaffirm male dominance within Roman literary society.

scholarly journals China’s Investments in Germany and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Xinming Xia ◽  
Wan-Hsin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Know How ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper analyses how China’s investments in Germany have developed over time and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in this regard, based on four different datasets, including our own survey in mid-2020. Our analysis shows that Germany is currently one of the most attractive investment destinations for Chinese investors. Chinese state-owned enterprises have played an important role as investors in Germany — particularly in large-scale projects. The COVID-19 pandemic has had some negative but rather temporary effects on Chinese investments in Germany. Germany is expected to stay attractive to Chinese investors who seek to gain access to advanced technologies and know-how in the future.

scholarly journals A Central Element of Europe’s Football Ecosystem: Competitive Intensity in the “Big Five”

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3097
Author(s):  
Fabio Wagner ◽  
Holger Preuss ◽  
Thomas Könecke
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Competitive Intensity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Future ◽  
European Football ◽  
Over Time

This study perceives professional European football as one of the most relevant event-related entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) worldwide. It also identifies a healthy sporting competition in the five most popular European football leagues (Spain, England, Germany, Italy, and France), the “big five,” as a key pillar for the functioning of this ecosystem. By applying a quantitative approach, competitive intensity (CI) is measured for all big five leagues for 21 seasons (1998/99 to 2018/19). The chosen method does not only convey an overall indication of the competitive health of the entire league but also provides detailed information on the four important sub-competitions (championship race, qualification for Champions League or Europa League, and the fight against relegation). In all five leagues, seasonal CI tends to decrease over time, and especially over the last decade. The main reason is a decline in the intensity of the championship race while all other sub-competitions show relatively robust CI values. Overall, it can be concluded that the competitive health of the big five is intact, but the dwindling CI of the championship races can harm the EE of professional European football in the long run. Accordingly, it should be closely monitored in the future.

scholarly journals Towards a network-based view of effective entrepreneurial ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Scott ◽  
Mathew Hughes ◽  
Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Relational Development ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Cyclical Process ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe conceptualize entrepreneurial ecosystems as fundamentally reliant on networks and explore how and under what conditions inter-organizational networks lead an entrepreneurial ecosystem to form and evolve. It is widely accepted that entrepreneurial ecosystems possess a variety of symbiotic relationships. Research has focused considerable efforts in refining the structure and content of resources found within these networked relationships. However, merely focusing on actor-level characterizations dilutes the notion that social relationships change and are complex. There has been little conceptual treatment of the behavioral and governance factors that underpin how quality interactions composing an entrepreneurial ecosystem develop and change over time. In response, we provide a longitudinal ethnographic study examining how ecosystems are managed and evolve in their relational configurations and governance at critical junctures. Using mixed methods and data collected over 3 years, we reveal a cyclical process of relational development central to the initiation, development, and maintenance phases of a valuable entrepreneurial ecosystem. We contribute to a conceptualization of effective ecosystems as reliant on networks, we reveal the behavior and governance characteristics at play in the entrepreneurial ecosystem during each phase of its evolution.

scholarly journals Effect of losing a fight on later agonistic behavior toward unfamiliar conspecifics in male Syrian hamsters

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Delbarco-Trillo ◽  
Robert E. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Syrian Hamster ◽  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
The Third ◽  
Clear Winner ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In many species, agonistic interactions result in social relationships that are stable over time. In Syrian hamsters, two unfamiliar males that are placed together will fight vigorously and a clear winner/loser relationship is usually established. In subsequent interactions, the loser will flee soon after detecting the familiar winner. Here we tested the hypothesis that losing a fight with a conspecific will affect future agonistic interactions not only toward that individual (i.e., the familiar winner) but also toward unfamiliar conspecifics. To test this hypothesis we paired two Syrian hamster males in three trials on one day in which the loser had the opportunity to escape the winner. The next day the loser was paired with an unfamiliar male, also for three trials. If he lost again, he was tested on a third day with a third unfamiliar male. Subjects were those males that were losers on all three days. The latency to escape on the first trial on Days 2 and 3 was significantly shorter than on the first trial on Day 1, indicating that losing against the first male affected the response toward unfamiliar males. However, the latency to escape on the first trial on Days 2 and 3 was significantly longer than that on the third trial on the preceding day, indicating that a loser treats unfamiliar males differently than a familiar winner. These results suggest that a defeat during an interaction with one male affects later agonistic behavior towards other, unfamiliar males.

Comparability and Short-Term Stability of Techniques to Assess Extension of Thinking about One's Personal Future

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Rakowski ◽  
Clifton E. Barber ◽  
Wayne C. Seelbach
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
The Future ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Three techniques for assessing extension of one's personal future (line-marking, open-ended report, life-events) were compared in a sample of 74 respondents. Two points of data collection were employed to examine short-term stability. At both administrations, correlations among indices suggested that techniques were only moderately comparable. Short-term stabilities were variable; correlations ranged from .42 to .79. Across subgroups of the sample, the direct, open-ended report of extension showed the greatest stability, while life-event extension showed the least. Apparently, extension of thinking about the future should be assessed by more than one technique to investigate potential relationships with other variables or changes over time in perspective about the future.

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