Electoral Turnout

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Kasper M. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Young Voters ◽  
Electoral Turnout ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Unemployed

Turnout in Denmark is high and stable in local as well as in national elections. A strong sense of voting as a duty nursed in primary schools and by civil society, early mobilization of the popular right, effective automatic voter registration, and many social traditions supporting whom to vote with contribute to explaining the high and stable turnout pattern. Nevertheless, there are substantial inequalities in turnout in Denmark. In particular, immigrants from non-Western countries and the unemployed have low turnout. The many recent Get-Out-The-Vote experiments in Denmark have increased turnout not only through their direct effect but also through a general increase in public awareness of participating in an election. The experiments had the largest impact on the low-propensity voters and thus contribute to decreased inequalities in turnout. Despite mobilization of especially young voters, large inequalities remain in turnout across specific groups in Denmark in national as well as local elections.

Risk perception and awareness of earthquake: the case of Dhaka

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Lutfur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Earthquake Preparedness ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Seismic Risk Perception ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Behavior

Purpose Among the many studies about risk perception, only a few deal with Bangladesh. Paul and Bhuiyan’s (2010) study has shown the earthquake-preparedness level of residents of Dhaka, but there are some biases in the data collection. This paper aims to examine the seismic-risk perception and the level of knowledge on earthquake and preparedness among the residents of Dhaka. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was developed, and data collection was undertaken through home and sidewalk surveys. This paper investigates how attitude, perception and behavior differ depending on gender, age, education and casualty awareness. This research tries to examine and make a comparison of the risk perception and preparedness level between different groups of gender, age and level of education. Findings This research shows that female respondents have a much better risk perception of and are better prepared for earthquakes than male respondents; younger people have a higher knowledge about earthquake preparedness than older people and less-educated people are at a higher risk of unpreparedness than more-educated people. Research limitations/implications This research is only limited to the Dhaka Division. Originality/value This paper concludes by noting that public awareness on seismic-risk perception and mitigation is poor, and their knowledge on basic theory and emergency response must be improved.

scholarly journals Women Mayors in Portugal: A Case Study in Political Representation and Citizenship

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (68) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Antónia de Figueiredo Pires de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Introduction The article presents a historical analysis of the participation of women in Portuguese politics and reveals the positive effects of the introduction of the parity law in 2006. In the 2015 national elections, for the first time one third of the elected the Members of the Portuguese Parliament were women. However, in municipalities there is still a long way to go to reach this level of female political representation. Does the political system limit women’s access only to elected positions? Thus, important questions remain: why are women still a minority in local politics? What obstacles do they encounter? And what can be done to improve the situation? Materials and Methods For this investigation, data were collected on the electronic pages of municipalities and political parties, as well as in the press, to monitor the evolution of the presence of women in Portuguese local government, initially as members of the administrative commissions appointed to manage municipal councils from 1974 to the first elections that took place on December 12, 1976 and then as elected representatives from 1976 to the latest 2017 local elections, comparing this level with central government. Results The study of this group reveals higher educational levels and more specialized jobs among women than among men, particularly in teaching and management. There is also discussion of partisan membership and it is revealed that left-wing parties invest more in women for local government than do right-wing parties. Discussion Although four decades have passed since the democratic regime was established, the representation of women in politics is still incipient. We present some examples of policy actions that can encourage the presence of women in local government and increase their role as active citizens.

scholarly journals Los límites de la participación política en una democracia excepcional: migrantes en Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Luicy Pedroza
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Emigrants And Immigrants ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Support For Democracy ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right

In comparison to other countries in the Latin American region, especially in Central America, support for democracy in Costa Rica is high –despite ups and downs in recent years. Still, regarding the challenges that immigration poses for the principles of democratic inclusion and representation, Costa Rica lag behind 11 countries in Latin America –and 35 democracies in the world– where immigrant residents have the right to vote in local elections. In Chile and Uruguay, the only countries in the region where support for democracy tops that observed in Costa Rica, the right to vote of immigrant residents even reaches national elections. With such a comparative background, this article addresses the question: how to explain that this democracy ignores the tendency to give the right to vote to resident migrants? The study reveals a society in which the narrative of exceptionality with respect to other countries of the continent and the formal primacy of nationality to political citizenship, allow tolerating a clear inequality between the political rights of emigrants and immigrants.

scholarly journals Application of Certainty Factor Method For Diagnosis Expert System Skin Diseases In Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Selvia Katarina Waruwu ◽  
Agustina Simangunsong
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Certainty Factor ◽  
The People ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
The Many

Dental disease is one of the many health problems Complained of by the people of Indonesia. Dental health is a reflection of human health. Lack of knowledge and limited sources of information on oral health have the caused public awareness to maintain oral and dental health is still low .. The development of one of the fields of information technology namely artificial intelligence has been Widely applied in various fields of life. In this study, the dental and oral disease expert system uses the Dempster Shafer method to control inferences that Contain thought patterns and reasoning mechanisms used by experts in solving problems.

The ICT and the Legislation on Transparency and Freedom of Information

2015 ◽  
pp. 347-365
Author(s):  
Alejandro Sáez-Martín ◽  
Arturo Haro-de-Rosario ◽  
Manuela García-Tabuyo ◽  
María Del Carmen Caba-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Electoral Turnout ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Economic Capacity

The many cases of corruption that have come to light, among other scandals, have led the public to lose faith in the management of public institutions. In order to regain confidence, the government needs to inform its citizens of all its actions. Public information should be accessible and controlled by means of a regulatory framework. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the transparency achieved and the progress still needed to be made by Dominican Republic municipalities with regards to complying with the requirements of the law on public information management. The chapter discusses the voluntary transparency achieved and factors that affect the implementation of information policies. The results highlight deficiencies in certain areas of online public information disclosure. The population size, economic capacity and electoral turnout are all factors that affect the online dissemination of public information by local governments in the Dominican Republic.

Getting Out the Vote

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-176
Author(s):  
Malcolm Crook
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Civil Unrest ◽  
Electoral Turnout ◽  
International War ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
Huge Challenge

Measuring electoral turnout in the past was not a priority, but in France after 1789 it became quite apparent that awarding the franchise to a majority of adult males did not automatically lead to its employment. Voter fatigue soon took its toll, and exhortation usually fell on deaf ears, though electoral procedure was extremely long-winded, and the decade of Revolution was marked throughout by civil unrest and international war. When universal manhood suffrage was established in 1848, turnout was initially high, yet it was not sustained and mobilizing the electorate remained a huge challenge. It proved essential to enable and educate citizens to exercise their right to vote. As elsewhere, the electoral apprenticeship in France was thus a lengthy and uneven process, in geographical as well as chronological terms. Somewhat ironically, it was the authoritarian Second Empire that marked a vital turning point in this regard, when frequent and regular polling began to attract a consistently increasing degree of participation. By the turn of the twentieth century high levels of turnout had become the norm, not just in national elections, but also at the local level, where the habit of voting was deeply embedded.

Turnout

2019 ◽  
pp. 309-332
Author(s):  
Serguei Kaniovski
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Electoral Participation ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
National Elections ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

Within the past seventy years, citizens have cast some twenty-seven billion votes in national elections across the world. This impressive figure would likely double if votes cast in local elections and referenda were included. Electoral participation is a mass phenomenon. However, what exactly motivates people to vote? The question of why people vote has been at the center of positivist political theory. Political scientists and economists have devised numerous theories for why people may or may not vote, in addition to gathering an impressive amount of empirical evidence on the determinants of electoral participation. This chapter offers a bird’s-eye view of historical trends in voter turnout, theories of rational voting motivation, and the role of embedding political or socioeconomic environments, as exposed by empirical research.

scholarly journals Zebrafish as an in vivo model for sustainable chemical design

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 6410-6430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela D. Noyes ◽  
Gloria R. Garcia ◽  
Robert L. Tanguay
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Chemical Design ◽  
The Many ◽  
Persistent Contaminants

Heightened public awareness about the many thousands of chemicals in use and present as persistent contaminants in the environment has increased the demand for safer chemicals and more rigorous toxicity testing.

Majority Judgment

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Balinski ◽  
Rida Laraki
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Traditional Theory ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Strategic Manipulation ◽  
Majority Judgment ◽  
Collective Ranking ◽  
The Many ◽  
Traditional Paradigm

This book argues that the traditional theory of social choice offers no acceptable solution to the problems of how to elect, judge, or rank. It finds that the traditional model—transforming the “preference lists” of individuals into a “preference list” of society—is fundamentally flawed in both theory and practice. The authors propose a different model, which leads to a new theory and method: majority judgment. Majority judgment is meaningful, resists strategic manipulation, elicits honesty, and is not subject to the classical paradoxes encountered in practice, notably Condorcet’s paradox and Arrow’s paradox. The authors offer theoretical, practical and experimental evidence—from national elections to figure skating competitions—to support their arguments. Drawing on wine, sports, music, and other competitions, they argue that the question should not be how to transform many individual rankings into a single collective ranking but rather, after defining a common language of grades to measure merit, how to transform the many individual evaluations of each competitor into a single collective evaluation of all competitors. The crux of the matter is a new model in which the traditional paradigm—to compare—is replaced by a new paradigm: to evaluate.

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