Music and consumer behaviour

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian C. North ◽  
David J. Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Issue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

This article begins with a brief overview of two particular effects of music that have received a considerable amount of attention: the effect of music on the speed with which customers behave, and the impact of music on time perception. It then illustrates the many other commercially relevant processes that can be influenced by music. Music can have a wide range of positive commercial benefits. It can influence the places that customers go to, customers' ability to achieve a desired level of arousal, the atmosphere of commercial premises, the amount which customers are prepared to spend, the amount they actually spend, the products they buy, their memory for advertising, and the amount of time they wait on hold. Since music can have many different effects it is important to prioritize those that correspond best with the business's marketing goals. Following from this, there can be no single ‘right’ type of music that is a universal commercial panacea, and the real issue is how to select music which addresses the most important marketing goals and does not hamper others.

Textual Transformations

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Book History ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lucy Hutchinson ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

This collection of twelve original essays by an international team of eminent scholars in the field of book history explores the many ways in which early modern books were subject to reworking, re-presentation, revision and reinterpretation. Their history is often the history of multiple, sometimes competing, agencies as their texts were re-packaged, redirected and transformed in ways that their original authors might hardly recognize. The essays discuss the processes of editing, revision, redaction, selection, abridgement, glossing, disputation, translation and posthumous publication that resulted in a textual elasticity and mobility that could dissolve distinctions between text and paratexts, textuality and intertextuality, manuscript and print, author and reader or editor, such that title and author’s name are no longer sufficient pointers to a book’s identity or contents. The essays are alive to the impact of commercial and technological aspects of book production and distribution (discussing, for example, the career of the pre-eminent bookseller John Nourse, the market appeal of abridgements, and the financial incentives to posthumous publication), but their interest is also in the many additional forms of agency that shaped texts and their meanings as books were repurposed to articulate, and respond to, a variety of cultural and individual needs. They engage with early modern religious, political, philosophical and scholarly trends and debates as they discuss a wide range of genres and kinds of publication (including fictional and non-fictional prose, verse miscellanies, abridgements, sermons, religious controversy) and of authors and booksellers (including Lucy Hutchinson, Richard Baxter, Thomas Burnet, Elizabeth Rowe, John Dryden, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lucy Hutchinson, Henry Maundrell, John Nourse; Jonathan Swift, Samuel Richardson, John Tillotson, Isaac Watts and John Wesley).

scholarly journals The real part of the refractive indices and effective densities for chemically segregated ambient aerosols in Guangzhou measured by a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 2631-2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Xinhui Bi ◽  
Ning Qiu ◽  
Bingxue Han ◽  
Qinhao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽  
The Real ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Knowledge on the microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosols is essential to better evaluate their radiative forcing. This paper presents an estimate of the real part of the refractive indices (n) and effective densities (ρeff) of chemically segregated atmospheric aerosols in Guangzhou, China. Vacuum aerodynamic diameter, chemical compositions, and light-scattering intensities of individual particles were simultaneously measured by a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) during the fall of 2012. On the basis of Mie theory, n at a wavelength of 532 nm and ρeff were estimated for 17 particle types in four categories: organics (OC), elemental carbon (EC), internally mixed EC and OC (ECOC), and Metal-rich. The results indicate the presence of spherical or nearly spherical shapes for the majority of particle types, whose partial scattering cross-section versus sizes were well fitted to Mie theoretical modeling results. While sharing n in a narrow range (1.47–1.53), majority of particle types exhibited a wide range of ρeff (0.87–1.51 g cm−3). The OC group is associated with the lowest ρeff (0.87–1.07 g cm−3), and the Metal-rich group with the highest ones (1.29–1.51 g cm−3). It is noteworthy that a specific EC type exhibits a complex scattering curve versus size due to the presence of both compact and irregularly shaped particles. Overall, the results on the detailed relationship between physical and chemical properties benefits future research on the impact of aerosols on visibility and climate.

Atmospheric escape from rocky M-dwarf planets orbiting within the habitable zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanfei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Escape ◽  
Dwarf Planets ◽  
James Webb Space Telescope ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

<p>In the last two decades, the field of exoplanets has witnessed a tremendous creative surge. Research in exoplanets now encompasses a wide range of fields ranging from astrophysics to heliophysics and climate science. One of the primary objectives of studying exoplanets is to determine the criteria for habitability, and whether certain exoplanets meet these requirements. The classical definition of the Habitable Zone (HZ) is the region around a star where liquid water can exist on the planetary surface given sufficient atmospheric pressure. However, this definition largely ignores the impact of the stellar wind and stellar magnetic activity on the erosion of an exoplanet's atmosphere. Amongst the many factors that determine habitability, understanding the mechanisms of atmospheric loss is of paramount importance.</p><p>We will discuss the impact of exoplanetary space weather on the long-term climate evolution and habitability, which offers fresh insights concerning the habitability of exoplanets, especially those orbiting M-dwarfs, such as Proxima b and the TRAPPIST-1 planets. We will focus on a wide range of atmospheric compositions, ranging from exo-Venus candidates to Earth twins, as many factors remain unresolved at this stage. Future missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will play a crucial role in constraining the atmospheres of those exoplanets. For each of these cases, we will demonstrate the importance of the exoplanetary space weather on atmospheric ion loss and habitability.</p>

scholarly journals Content and boundaries of the primary real estate market as an object of statistical research

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Dianov ◽  
Pavel A. Smelov
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
The Real ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The primary real estate market is one of the youngest segments of the market economy in modern Russia. If the genesis of the modern secondary market was observed in the pre-reform period: barter relations in terms of urban housing, the purchase and sale of suburban areas were freely carried out, small suburban real estate, garage buildings, etc., the real market relations with the relevant legal framework in terms of ownership rights in the primary market became possible only with the change of economic formation. All participants in the rapidly emerging primary real estate market quickly became familiar with pricing, market conditions, utility criteria and many other parameters inherent in this market segment. However, issues of managing business processes on the primary market of real estate, including a balance of opportunities for sellers and customer needs, pricing, adequate information support to all management levels, still are a problem and remain open.Purpose.The relevance and social need for statistical study of the primary real estate market determined the purpose of scientific work as a clarification of the nature, content, boundaries and participants of the market in order to improve and develop statistical methodology.Materials and methods.To make the research and form the adequate conclusions when writing a scientific paper, the extensive material of theoretical, methodological and applied nature was used, the authors of which are both domestic and foreign scientists in the field of statistics, management, investment, marketing and technical sciences. The paper uses a wide range of general scientific methods of knowledge, the use of which together allowed to abstract from the non-essential aspects and mutually reinforcing factors that do not ultimately have a tangible impact on the state and dynamics of the primary real estate market - methods of abstraction and idealization; moving from the general laws of the real estate market, to form private conclusions concerning the segments and even objects of the primary real estate market as an object of statistical research – the method of deduction; to comprehend the object as a whole and at the same time as an interconnected mechanism represented by all its structural components – methods of analysis and synthesis; to conduct a comparative analysis of objects and identify possible vectors of the market development – methods of analogy and mental-symbolic modeling.Results. Qualitative analysis allowed to determine the place and importance of the primary real estate market in the entire system of multi-market economy; to identify the life cycle of the objects of the market and on their basis to structure it; to identify the factors of development of the primary real estate market, quantitative assessment of the impact of which will be subsequently given on the basis of regression analysis; to summarize the set of risks that determine the diverse variation of the primary real estate market. The development of statistical methodology for the study of the primary real estate market can be based only on a clear understanding of the nature and internal content of the studied object. At the same time, so sensitive to the market and general economic situation in the country and each region, the market is constantly changing: it does not have a stationary point. Therefore, it is necessary not only quantitative analysis of the object on the basis of statistical methods, but also continuous monitoring of all economic phenomena that contribute to the modification of the primary real estate market.

scholarly journals Social and Economic Security in the System of State Protectedness

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
D. Shvaiba
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
The Many ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Protection

Taking as a basis the scientific study of different concepts in the theory of security, it is necessary to assume that the inaccessibility of the threat in the absolute sense is impossible. In fact, there may not be a certain type of threat to a particular object in a specific period of time (if there is not yet or there is no longer a corresponding danger factor). It is necessary to take into account that interests are only a small part of a wide range of objects of state protection. This share differs subjectively and interacts with the implemented financial, economic and social policy, the productivity of which is largely dependent on the impact of individual groups of people and parties (based on socio–political preferences). In addition — it is quite a mobile category, which has the ability to change qualitatively. It is obvious that the danger is one of the many destructive moments of security, along with those of which have already been discussed, for example threat, challenge, risk, decline, crisis, cataclysm, destruction, deformation processes, etc. It is necessary to clarify that the danger in the context of the ‘security triad’ is always modified: in a short time, they have all chances to transform from the present into the probable and vice versa.

LAND-USE CHANGE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE FAPRI-CARD MODEL SYSTEM: ADDRESSING BIAS AND UNCERTAINTY

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250014 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMANI E. ELOBEID ◽  
MIGUEL A. CARRIQUIRY ◽  
JACINTO F. FABIOSA
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Even with a normalized and standardized biofuel shock, the wide range of land-use change estimates and their associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have raised concern on the adequacy of existing agricultural models in this new area of analysis. In particular, reducing bias and improving precision of impact estimates are of primary concern to policy makers. This paper provides a detailed overview of the FAPRI-CARD agricultural modeling system, with particular emphasis on the modifications recently introduced to reduce bias in the results. We illustrate the impact of these new model features using the example of the new yield specification that now includes updated trend parameter, intensification and extensification effects, and a spatially disaggregated Brazil specification. The paper also provides a taxonomy of the many types of uncertainty surrounding any analysis, including parameter-coefficient uncertainty and exogenous variable uncertainty, identifying where specific types of uncertainty originate, and how they interact. Finally, FAPRI-CARD's long experience in using stochastic analysis is presented as a viable approach in addressing uncertainty in the analysis of changes in the agricultural sector, associated land-use change, and impacts on GHG emissions.

scholarly journals The real part of the refractive indices and effective densities for chemically segregated ambient aerosols in Guangzhou by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (23) ◽  
pp. 34647-34672
Author(s):  
G. Zhang ◽  
X. Bi ◽  
N. Qiu ◽  
B. Han ◽  
Q. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽  
The Real ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosols are essential to better evaluate their radiative forcing. This paper first presents an estimate of the real part of the refractive indices (n) and effective densities (ρeff) of chemically segregated atmospheric aerosols in China. Vacuum aerodynamic diameter, chemical compositions, and light scattering intensities of individual particles were simultaneously measured by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) during fall of 2012 in Guangzhou. On the basis of Mie theory, n and ρeff were estimated for 17 particle types in four categories: organics (OC), elemental carbon (EC), internally mixed EC and OC (ECOC), and metal rich, respectively. Results indicate the presence of spherical or nearly spherical shape for majority of particle types, whose partial scattering cross section vs. sizes were well fitted to Mie theoretical modeling results. While sharing n in a narrow range (1.47–1.53), majority of particle types exhibited a wide range of ρeff (0.87–1.51 g cm−3). OC group is associated with the lowest ρeff (0.87–1.07 g cm−3), while metal rich group with the highest ones (1.29–1.51 g cm−3). It is noteworthy that a specific EC type exhibits a complex scattering curve vs. size due to the presence of both compact and irregularly shape particles. Overall, the results on detailed relationship between physical and chemical properties benefits future researches on the impact of aerosols on visibility and climate.

scholarly journals Defence Disclosure: Is the Right to Full Answer the Right to Ambush

1969 ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Tomljanovic
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Issue ◽  
Right To Silence ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Disclosure Rules ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clear Statement ◽  
Disclosure Obligations

In Canada, a complete set of codified defence disclosure rules does not exist. Rather, these rules exist in piecemeal form, some being statutory, some common law and others in place for the sake of expedience. Like the Crown, the defence is required to disclose at the investigative, pretrial and trial stages. Although defence disclosure appears to run contrary to the accused's right to silence and the right to make full answer and defence, it is emphasized that these rights are not absolute. They must be assessed against other Charter principles. The accused, for example, rarely remains silent until the final stages of the trial to subsequently "ambush " the Crown with his or her defence. The "ambush" defence, perceived as a strategic advantage, denies fundamental principles of fairness and ultimately hinders the search for truth. The author examines the numerous benefits of codifying the procedural rules. A clear statement of disclosure obligations, for example, would avoid lengthy debates over disclosure rules and thus ultimately lead to quicker resolution of the real issue. Further, should they operate unfairly against either party, the court would be in a position to waive them. Due to the many advantages and the corresponding lack of disadvantages such legislation would confer, it is strongly urged that a set of procedural disclosure rules be statutorily enacted.

scholarly journals Sharing the neighbourhood: assessing the impact of kelp harvest on foraging behaviour of the European shag

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard ◽  
Jenny Mattisson ◽  
Kjell Magnus Norderhaug ◽  
Svein-Håkon Lorentsen
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Kelp Forest ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Coastal kelp forest ecosystems create dynamic and productive habitats, supporting a wide range of epiphytic flora, invertebrates, fish and seabirds. Worldwide, kelp is harvested commercially, affecting kelp-associated animal communities. There is, however, limited knowledge of how fish and seabird respond to kelp harvest, highlighting the need to evaluate the ecological impact of harvest on all ecosystem levels. Using 6 years of GPS-tracking data, we examined the effects of kelp harvest on foraging behaviour of breeding European shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) from a colony in central Norway. We determined the spatial overlap between kelp harvest and foraging areas of shags and assessed the immediate, short- and long-term impacts of harvest on shag foraging behaviour. Our results demonstrated large spatial and temporal overlap in areas used by foraging shags and kelp harvest. We could not detect any clear alterations in the diving activity of shags due to kelp harvest. However, the broad temporal and spatial scale of our study constrained the detection of fine scale changes in shag behaviour in response to kelp harvest. Our study, nonetheless, identifies several issues that should be addressed before concluding on the effects of kelp harvest on seabird populations. This includes the need for experimental studies using directed and controlled harvest to investigate the effects of kelp harvest through the different trophic levels, including top predators. This is essential for ecosystem-based management of coastal resources, considering the many species composed in the coastal ecosystem.

scholarly journals Homophily in social networks

2016 ◽  
pp. 325-338
Author(s):  
Аna Bilinovic ◽  
Valentina Sokolovska
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Structural Feature ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Homophily is a prominent feature of social networks and consistent structural feature of societies and their segments. Defined as a tendency towards ?joining with their own kind,? homophily represents a condition in which the participants in interaction have one or more common social attributes, above the level which can be predicted by the basic model of random grouping. This paper analyzes the nature and types of homophilic interactions, focusing on the many types of homophilic networks among a wide range of dimensions in which the similarities in the social attributes of the individuals cause homophily. Special attention is paid to the origin of homophilic interaction, the impact of structural constraints on patterns of homophily, as well as cognitive processes that cause a greater likelihood of interaction between people who have similar social attributes.

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