Characterization of Individuals in Thucydides’ History

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Stadter
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
And Behaviors

Thucydides presents the words and deeds of individuals chiefly in terms of their importance for understanding the war. He characterizes leading actors through their speeches, indications of motivation, authorial comments, and the narrative itself. These techniques allow remarkable nuance, even ambiguity, of interpretation. This chapter examines the representations of Pericles, Nicias, Alcibiades, Brasidas, and Thucydides himself, highlighting the similar and contrasting traits that unite them. In Thucydides’ narrative, Pericles’ pride in Athens, refusal to yield to Sparta, and brilliant oratory lead Athens into the war. Nicias evaluates the expedition to Sicily with Periclean prudence, but his fear of a change in fortune and of the Athenian assembly lead to the expedition’s defeat. Alcibiades shares Pericles’ aristocratic background and strategic imagination, but his self-centeredness and contempt for customs twice cause the Athenians to lose trust. Through delineating these individual characteristics and behaviors, Thucydides clarifies the war's narrative.

scholarly journals ASDToolkit: A Novel MATLAB Processing Toolbox for ASD Field Spectroscopy Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Elmer ◽  
Raymond Soffer ◽  
J. Pablo Arroyo-Mora ◽  
Margaret Kalacska
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Data Product ◽  
Field Spectroscopy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Solar Position ◽  
Derived Data

Over the past 30 years, the use of field spectroscopy has risen in importance in remote sensing studies for the characterization of the surface reflectance of materials in situ within a broad range of applications. Potential uses range from measurements of individual targets of interest (e.g. vegetation, soils, validation targets etc.), to characterizing the contributions of different materials within larger spatially-mixed areas as would be representative of the spatial resolution captured by a sensor pixel (UAV to satellite scale). As such, it is essential that a complete and rigorous assessment of both the data-acquisition procedures, and the suitability of the derived data product be carried out. The measured energy from solar-reflected range spectroradiometers is influenced by the viewing and illumination geometries and the illumination conditions which vary due to changes in solar position and atmospheric conditions. By applying corrections, the estimated absolute reflectance (Rabs) of targets can be calculated. This property is independent of illumination intensity or conditions and is the metric commonly suggested to be used to compare spectra even when data are collected by different sensors or acquired under different conditions. By standardizing the process of estimated Rabs, as is provided in the described toolkit, consistency and repeatability in processing are ensured and the otherwise labor intensive and error-prone processing steps are streamlined. The resultant end data product (Rabs) represents our best current effort to generate consistent and comparable ground spectra which have been corrected for viewing and illumination geometries as well as other factors such as the individual characteristics of the reference panel used during acquisition.

scholarly journals Insects as Novel Food: A Consumer Attitude Analysis through the Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Roma ◽  
Giovanni Ottomano Palmisano ◽  
Annalisa De Boni
Keyword(s):  
Rough Set ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Production Technologies

In Western societies, the unfamiliarity with insect-based food is a hindrance for consumption and market development. This may depend on neophobia and reactions of disgust, individual characteristics and socio-cultural background, and risk-perceptions for health and production technologies. In addition, in many European countries, the sale of insects for human consumption is still illegal, although European Union (EU) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) are developing regulatory frameworks and environmental and quality standards. This research aims to advance the knowledge on entomophagy, providing insights to improve consumer acceptance in Italy. This is done by carrying out the characterization of a sample of consumers according to their willingness to taste several types of insect-based food and taking into account the connections among the consumers’ features. Thus, the dominance-based rough set approach is applied using the data collected from 310 Italian consumers. This approach provided 206 certain decision rules characterizing the consumers into five groups, showing the consumers’ features determining their specific classification. Although many Italian consumers are willing to accept only insects in the form of feed stuffs or supplements, this choice is a first step towards entomophagy. Conversely, young Italian people are a niche market, but they can play a role in changing trends.

scholarly journals Measuring evidence-based practice in physical therapy: a mix-methods study

PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12666
Author(s):  
Ricardo M. Ferreira ◽  
Pedro N. Martins ◽  
Nuno Pimenta ◽  
Rui S. Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
And Behaviors

Background Evidence-based practice (EBP) is considered the “holy grail” to manage patients by health practitioners (such as physical therapists). However, sometimes, patients are not treated with the best interventions for their condition. Although studies already explored the facilitators and barriers for this issue, they increase in the level of importance if the information gathered are context appropriated. As the profession is relatively new in Portugal, currently little is known about the implementation of EBP in Portuguese physical therapists context. So, the aim of this study is to know if the Portuguese physical therapists use an EBP, and collect and deeper understand the factors, barriers and facilitators associated with EBP. Methods This study incorporated a mixed-methods design (quantitative and qualitative). In an attempt to ensure the correct population sample, a national professional association e-mail database and the e-mails of past students from national schools were requested. For the quantitative data it was choose an e-survey, adapted from the EBP: Beliefs, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Behaviors of Physical Therapists Portuguese version questionnaire, consisted of 55 close-ended questions. It was analyzed response frequencies and associations between variables with logistic regression analyses. For the qualitative data, it was choose to perform semi-structured interviews in purposefully selected physical therapists to include different sociodemographic factors (especially those found to be statistically significant in the logistic regression) and survey responses regarding the physical therapists’ beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors. The interviews were performed in an online software, where only audio contact was performed. The audios were anonymized and verbatim transcribed, and the texts explored by the thematic approach. Results From the 277 physical therapists that shown interest in participating in the study, 193 fully completed the questionnaire and, from those, 10 participated in the interviews. The Portuguese physical therapists reported positive beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding EBP. Among the physical therapists characteristics it seems that age (younger therapists), education (participating in continuing education courses; belonging to practice-orientated organizations; having a doctorate degree; pursuing a higher academic degree; and being a clinical instructor), and workplace (working for someone else account; and academic sector) are the main factors in the Portuguese EBP implementation. The Portuguese physical therapists, beyond the physical therapists individual characteristics and workplace, also stated that evidence, patients, clinical experience, schools, country and physical therapy characteristics, may behave as facilitators or barriers when performing an EBP.

SPECIAL FEATURES OF OOCYTE SIZE IN SO-IUY MULLET (PLANILIZA HAEMATOCHEILA TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1845) IN THE SEA OF AZOV AT THE END OF THE WINTER SEASON, 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Bugaev ◽  
◽  
A.V. Voykina ◽  
S.G. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
Oocyte Size ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Individual Specimen

Analysis of special features of the reproductive system of so-iuy mullet Planiliza haematocheila (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) females from the Azov and Black Sea Basin at the end of the winter season, 2019, has been conducted using the size of oocytes as its basis. Individual differences in distribution of oocyte sizes during the period of trophoplazmatic growth have been identified. Following the estimation of ordered series of oocyte sizes during the period of trophoplazmatic growth, the median and percentile values have been calculated; they can be used as reference values for qualitative characterization of ordered series for oocyte diameter in an individual specimen, using the empirical median, calculated for the respective specimen, as a basis. It has been found out that the sizes of trophoplazmatic growth oocytes, which are utilized during the spawning period of the current year, and, therefore, the degree of gonad maturity have individual characteristics independent of the age of an individual, of its length and weight, and of the content of reserve and bioactive substances in its tissues and blood.

scholarly journals Rescue during the rail transport of dangerous goods

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Karolina Jaworska ◽  
Gabriel Nowacki
Keyword(s):  
Rail Transport ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Dangerous Goods ◽  
Rescue System ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Transport Of Dangerous Goods

An article constitutes characterization of basic information about rail transport of goods. Firstly, it presents basic information about rail transport such as national and international rules of law, rail’s infrastructure and main companies responsible for the organization of transport. Secondly, paper discussed the threats connected with rail transport of goods and it shows procedures and behaviors which should be taken in case of an accident on the railroad. Another theme mentioned in the paper concerns rescue during the rail transport of dangerous goods. The proposition is to improve existing rescue system what will permit to increase the safety of people and the environment. The Article is finished by a brief summary of content described in it.

scholarly journals Cyanoarylporphyrazines with High Viscosity Sensitivity: A Step towards Dosimetry-Assisted Photodynamic Cancer Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5816
Author(s):  
Irina V. Balalaeva ◽  
Tatiana A. Mishchenko ◽  
Victoria D. Turubanova ◽  
Nina N. Peskova ◽  
Natalia Y. Shilyagina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Viscosity Sensors ◽  
The Individual

Despite the significant relevance of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an efficient strategy for primary and adjuvant anticancer treatment, several challenges compromise its efficiency. In order to develop an “ideal photosensitizer” and the requirements applied to photosensitizers for PDT, there is still a need for new photodynamic agents with improved photophysical and photobiological properties. In this study, we performed a detailed characterization of two tetracyanotetra(aryl)porphyrazine dyes with 4-biphenyl (pz II) and 4-diethylaminophenyl (pz IV) groups in the periphery of the porphyrazine macrocycle. Photophysical properties, namely, fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime of both photosensitizers, demonstrate extremely high dependence on the viscosity of the environment, which enables them to be used as viscosity sensors. PzII and pz IV easily enter cancer cells and efficiently induce cell death under light irradiation. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, we demonstrated the possibility of assessing local intracellular viscosity and visualizing viscosity changes driven by PDT treatment with the compounds. Thus, pz II and pz IV combine the features of potent photodynamic agents and viscosity sensors. These data suggest that the unique properties of the compounds provide a tool for PDT dosimetry and tailoring the PDT treatment regimen to the individual characteristics of each patient.

scholarly journals Characterization of Gas Adsorption Sites and Behaviors in Metal-Organic Frameworks

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 180006
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jing Hu ◽  
Xiao-Jing Hu ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Ying-Pin Chen ◽  
Da-Huan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
And Behaviors

Suicidal Plans and Attempts Among Adolescents in Mongolia

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarantsetseg Davaasambuu ◽  
Suvd Batbaatar ◽  
Susan Witte ◽  
Phillip Hamid ◽  
Maria A. Oquendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Suicidal Plans

Abstract. Background: Although 75% of suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries, few studies have examined suicidal behaviors among young people in these countries. Aims: This study aimed to examine what individual characteristics were associated with suicidal plans and attempts among Mongolian youth and whether suicidal risks and behaviors varied by urban and rural locations. Method: Logistic regression analyses were utilized to investigate suicidal plans and attempts among 5,393 adolescents using the Global Student Health Survey – 2013. Results: Adolescents who lived in urban areas were at higher risk for suicidal plans and behaviors than those who lived in rural areas; however, the patterns of suicidal risks were similar. Specifically, individual characteristics, such as being female, feeling lonely and worried, smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and having fights at school, were associated with suicidal plans and behaviors regardless of the residential places. Limitations: A number of important variables have not been included in the questionnaire such as depression, family and parental support, household income, family constructs etc. Conclusion: Given the comparable patterns of risk between urban and rural adolescents and the relatively high rates of suicidal plans and attempts, similar mental health services and interventions are necessitated for both urban and rural areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document