scholarly journals Risk factors for positional plagiocephaly and appropriate time frames for prevention messaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyah Mawji ◽  
Ardene Robinson Vollman ◽  
Tak Fung ◽  
Jennifer Hatfield ◽  
Deborah A McNeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Positional Plagiocephaly ◽  
Time Frames

Alcohol and Drug Use as Risk Factors for Delinquent Behavior Among Adolescents

2016 ◽  
pp. 552-574
Author(s):  
Helene Raskin White ◽  
Courtney Cronley ◽  
Padmini Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Adolescent Aggression ◽  
Time Frames

This chapter examines alcohol and drug use as risk factors for delinquency during adolescence. There is strong evidence for comorbidity between substance use and delinquency for individuals. Users, compared to nonusers, are more likely to be delinquent; and delinquents, compared to nondelinquents, are more likely to use substances. Conversely, substance use and delinquency follow different developmental patterns from adolescence into young adulthood, and trends in adolescent substance use and delinquency from 1980 through 2009 do not converge well. Alcohol, compared to drugs, has a stronger acute effect on adolescent aggression/violence. Developmentally, there appears to be a reciprocal association between substance use and delinquency, although findings differ across samples and time frames. There are several alternative models that explain why alcohol and drug use are risk factors for adolescent delinquency.

The explanation of a complex problem: A content analysis of causality in cancer news

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252110052
Author(s):  
Wei Peng ◽  
Gabriel Alexander de Tuya ◽  
Andrea Alexandra Eduardo ◽  
Jessica Allison Vishny ◽  
Qian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
News Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Probabilistic Causality ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Time Frames

Understanding causality is a critical part of developing preventive and treatment actions against cancer. Three main causality models—necessary, sufficient-component, and probabilistic causality have been commonly used to explain the causation between causal factors and risks in health science. However, news media do not usually follow a strict protocol to report the causality of health risks. The purpose of this study was to describe and understand how the causation of cancer was articulated on news media. A content analysis of 471 newspaper articles published in the United States during two time-frames (2007–2008 and 2017–2018) was conducted. The analysis showed that probabilistic causality was most frequently used to explain the causal relationship between risk factors and cancer. The findings also uncovered other important details of news framing, including types and characteristics of risk factors, intervention measures, and sources of evidence. The results provided theoretical and practical implications for public understanding and assessment of cancer risks.

Hypocalcaemia following laryngectomy: prevalence and risk factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (11) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Harris ◽  
E Prades ◽  
C D Passant ◽  
D R Ingrams
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Parathyroid Surgery ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Time Frames

AbstractObjectivesTo establish the prevalence of hypocalcaemia following laryngectomy and demonstrate that total thyroidectomy is a risk factor.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted that included all patients who underwent total laryngectomy from 1st January 2006 to 1st August 2017. Exclusion criteria were: pre-operative calcium derangement, previous thyroid or parathyroid surgery, concurrent glossectomy, pharyngectomy, or oesophagectomy.ResultsNinety patients were included. Sixteen patients had early hypocalcaemia (18 per cent), seven had protracted hypocalcaemia (8 per cent) and six had permanent hypocalcaemia (10 per cent). Exact logistic regression values for hypocalcaemia following total thyroidectomy compared to other patients were: early hypocalcaemia, odds ratio = 15.5 (95 per cent confidence interval = 2.2–181.9; model p = 0.002); protracted hypocalcaemia, odds ratio = 13.3 (95 per cent confidence interval = 1.5–117.1; model p = 0.01); and permanent hypocalcaemia, odds ratio = 22.7 (95 per cent confidence interval = 1.9–376.5; model p = 0.005).ConclusionThis is the largest study to investigate the prevalence of hypocalcaemia following laryngectomy and the first to include follow up of longer than three months. Total thyroidectomy significantly increased the risk of hypocalcaemia at all time frames and independent of other variables.

scholarly journals Investigating the Prevalence of Positional Plagiocephaly With 3D Scan in Children Under One Year of Age in Mofid Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Chahaki ◽  
◽  
Mohamadali Javanshir ◽  
Hassan Saeeidi ◽  
Mohamdmahdi Taghdiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Positional Plagiocephaly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Objectives: Positional plagiocephaly is one of the most common skull deformities that ultimately lead to the asymmetry of the head and face in different ranges. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of plagiocephaly and analyze the relationship between risk factors and the severity level of the deformities in children referred to the Mofid hospital. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the cranial vault asymmetry index was calculated from a routine head scan with a noninvasive laser shape digitizer. Data were recorded and categorized by the type and severity of deformation. Also, for the analysis of risk factors, data about sitting, feeding, and sleeping positions were gathered from parents. Results: The study participants included 90 children, and the prevalence of head deformity was 35% (32 infants) with mild to moderate severity. According to the risk factors, infant positions are significantly correlated with the severity of plagiocephaly. Conclusion: Parents’ awareness of changing the head position plays an important role to reduce the risk of plagiocephaly in children.

Demographics of Positional Plagiocephaly and Brachycephaly; Risk Factors and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Cas van Cruchten ◽  
Michelle Marlena Wilhelmina Feijen ◽  
Rene Remmelt Willie Johan van der Hulst
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Positional Plagiocephaly

Response to Demographics of Positional Plagiocephaly and Brachycephaly; Risk Factors and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Safak Uygur ◽  
Nicholas O'Sick ◽  
Petros Konofaos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Positional Plagiocephaly

scholarly journals The abortion and mental health controversy: A comprehensive literature review of common ground agreements, disagreements, actionable recommendations, and research opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211880762 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Time Frames

The abortion and mental health controversy is driven by two different perspectives regarding how best to interpret accepted facts. When interpreting the data, abortion and mental health proponents are inclined to emphasize risks associated with abortion, whereas abortion and mental health minimalists emphasize pre-existing risk factors as the primary explanation for the correlations with more negative outcomes. Still, both sides agree that (a) abortion is consistently associated with elevated rates of mental illness compared to women without a history of abortion; (b) the abortion experience directly contributes to mental health problems for at least some women; (c) there are risk factors, such as pre-existing mental illness, that identify women at greatest risk of mental health problems after an abortion; and (d) it is impossible to conduct research in this field in a manner that can definitively identify the extent to which any mental illnesses following abortion can be reliably attributed to abortion in and of itself. The areas of disagreement, which are more nuanced, are addressed at length. Obstacles in the way of research and further consensus include (a) multiple pathways for abortion and mental health risks, (b) concurrent positive and negative reactions, (c) indeterminate time frames and degrees of reactions, (d) poorly defined terms, (e) multiple factors of causation, and (f) inherent preconceptions based on ideology and disproportionate exposure to different types of women. Recommendations for collaboration include (a) mixed research teams, (b) co-design of national longitudinal prospective studies accessible to any researcher, (c) better adherence to data sharing and re-analysis standards, and (d) attention to a broader list of research questions.

scholarly journals Prediction of school-age IQ, academic achievement, and motor skills in children with positional plagiocephaly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin R Wallace ◽  
Cindy Ola ◽  
Brian G Leroux ◽  
Matthew L Speltz ◽  
Brent R Collett
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Positional Plagiocephaly

Abstract Introduction Children with positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB) are at risk of early developmental delay, but little is known about early life factors associated with school-age neurodevelopment. This study examined associations of demographic characteristics, prenatal risk factors and early neurodevelopment assessment with school-age IQ, academic performance, and motor development in children with PPB. Methods The study sample consisted of 235 school-age children with PPB followed since infancy. Outcome measures included IQ using the Differential Ability Scales-Second Edition, academic achievement as measured by the Wechsler Individualized Achievement Tests-Third Edition), and motor function using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition. Linear regression was used to examine the incremental improvement of model fit of demographics, prenatal and early life characteristics, severity of PPB, and neurodevelopment at ages 7, 18, and 36 months as measured by the Bayley-3 on school-age scores. Results Mean age at school-age assessment was 9.0 years. Adjusted r2 for demographic, prenatal, and early life risk factors ranged from 0.10 to 0.22. Addition of PPB severity and Bayley-3 measures at ages 7 and 18 months did not meaningfully change model fit. Adjusted r2 after inclusion of Bayley-3 at 36 months ranged from 0.35 to 0.41. Conclusion This study suggests that PPB severity and very early life neurodevelopment have little association with school-age neurodevelopment above and beyond demographic and early life risk factors. However, preschool-age neurodevelopmental assessment may still be useful in identifying children with PPB at risk for delay and who may benefit from early intervention.

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