Hypocalcaemia following laryngectomy: prevalence and risk factors

AbstractObjectivesTo establish the prevalence of hypocalcaemia following laryngectomy and demonstrate that total thyroidectomy is a risk factor.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted that included all patients who underwent total laryngectomy from 1st January 2006 to 1st August 2017. Exclusion criteria were: pre-operative calcium derangement, previous thyroid or parathyroid surgery, concurrent glossectomy, pharyngectomy, or oesophagectomy.ResultsNinety patients were included. Sixteen patients had early hypocalcaemia (18 per cent), seven had protracted hypocalcaemia (8 per cent) and six had permanent hypocalcaemia (10 per cent). Exact logistic regression values for hypocalcaemia following total thyroidectomy compared to other patients were: early hypocalcaemia, odds ratio = 15.5 (95 per cent confidence interval = 2.2–181.9; model p = 0.002); protracted hypocalcaemia, odds ratio = 13.3 (95 per cent confidence interval = 1.5–117.1; model p = 0.01); and permanent hypocalcaemia, odds ratio = 22.7 (95 per cent confidence interval = 1.9–376.5; model p = 0.005).ConclusionThis is the largest study to investigate the prevalence of hypocalcaemia following laryngectomy and the first to include follow up of longer than three months. Total thyroidectomy significantly increased the risk of hypocalcaemia at all time frames and independent of other variables.

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Relationship Between Insomnia, Depression, and Mortality: A 12-Year Follow-Up of Older Adults in the Community

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610200006414 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 295-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

Lena Mallon ◽

Jan-Erik Broman ◽

Jerker Hetta

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Natural History ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Death Rate ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Total Death ◽

History Of

The purpose of the study was to investigate the natural history of insomnia and its association with depression and mortality. In 1983, 1,870 randomly selected subjects aged 45–65 years answered a questionnaire on sleep and health. Of the 1,604 survivors in 1995, 1,244 (77.6%) answered a new questionnaire with almost identical questions. Mortality data were collected for the 266 subjects that had died during the follow-up period. Chronic insomnia was reported by 36.0% of women and 25.4% of men (χ2 = 9.7; p < .01). About 75% of subjects with insomnia at baseline continued to have insomnia at follow-up. Insomnia in women predicted subsequent depression (odds ratio [OR] = 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–7.2) but was not related to mortality. In men, insomnia predicted mortality (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.3), but after adjustment for an array of possible risk factors, this association was no longer significant. Men with depression at baseline had an adjusted total death rate that was 1.9 times higher than in the nondepressed men (95% CI: 1.2–3.0).

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Smoking increases the risk of surgical site infection after hydrocelectomy in adults: a retrospective cohort study in Brazil

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.9450 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 950-956

Author(s):

Thiago Silva Da Costa ◽

Paulo José De Medeiros ◽

Mauro José Costa Salles

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Site Infection

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) following hydrocelectomy is relatively uncommon, but it is one of the main post-operative problems. We aimed to describe the prevalence of SSI following hydrocelectomy among adult patients, and to assess predisposing risk factors for infection. Methodology: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at a university hospital and included hydrocelectomies performed between January 2007 and December 2014. Diagnosis of SSI was performed according to the Center for Diseases Control (CDC) guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors. Results: A total of 196 patients were included in the analysis. Overall, 30 patients were diagnosed with SSI (15.3%) and of these, 63.3% (19/30) were classified as having superficial SSI, while 36.7% (11/30) had deep SSI. The main signs and symptoms of infection were the presence of surgical wound secretion (70%) and inflammatory superficial signs such as hyperemia, edema and pain (60%). Among the 53 patients presenting chronic smoking habits, 26.4% (14⁄53) developed SSI, which was associated with a higher risk for SSI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27 to 6.35, p < 0.01) in the univariate analysis. In the adjusted multivariable analysis, smoking habits were also statistically associated with SSI after hydrocelectomy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30 to 6.24, p = 0.01). No pre-, intra-, or post-operative variable analyzed showed an independent association to SSI following hydrocelectomy. Conclusions: Smoking was the only independent modifiable risk factor for SSI in the multivariate analysis.

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Factors associated with non-vaccination against measles among 12-23 months old children in Yirgachefe district of SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2016

10.21203/rs.2.10399/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Luna Habtamu Degife ◽

Yoseph Worku ◽

Muse Tadesse

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Age Group ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Lack Of Knowledge

Abstract Immunization is an effective and proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening vaccine preventable infectious diseases. In Ethiopia 5% of childhood mortalities are due to measles. In 2015, 85% of children had received 1 dose of measles vaccine by their second birthday. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles outbreaks secondary to non-vaccination are occurring in southern Ethiopia especially in Yirgachefe district.This study was done to assess the risk factors associated with non-vaccination against measles. A Community-based unmatched case control study was conducted in Yirgachefe district from December 1-31, 2016.Cases were defined as children in the age group of 12- 23 months of age who did not take measles vaccination. The study was done in 6 randomly selected kebeles and cases and controls were selected randomly by probability proportional to size sampling. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data was analyzed by using Epi info version 7 and SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was interpreted using Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P value <0.05. A total of 320 individuals (107 cases and 214 controls) were approached for interview with a response rate of 93.75%. Of the cases, 57% were males and more than half fall in the 12-18 months age group. Lack of Ante Natal Care follow up (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =3.57; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.22-10.44), lack of knowledge on the importance of vaccination, who should be vaccinated and if measles is contagious with an AOR and CI of (AOR=6.81; 95% CI: 1.56-29.64), (AOR=4.29; 95% CI: 1.83-10.04) and (AOR=8.97; 95%CI: 3.15-25.58) respectively were independent risk factors. Lack of ANC follow up, lack of knowledge about who should get vaccinated, the importance of vaccination and contagiousness of the disease were identified as risk factors for non-vaccination against measles. Education and awareness about measles and its immunization should be given to the community. Additionally, ANC follow up should also be strengthened.

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Risk factors for ocular complications in adult patients with uveitis

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672119899379 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 1381-1389

Author(s):

Mar Prieto-del-Cura ◽

Juan Jacobo González-Guijarro

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Intermediate Uveitis ◽

Cataract Formation ◽

Ocular Complications ◽

Chronic Uveitis ◽

Chronic Course

Purpose: To report risk factors for ocular complications in adults with uveitis. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 653 patients with uveitis (869 eyes) followed up for at least 1 month attended between May 1989 and December 2012. Results: After a median follow-up of 16 months (interquartile range = 3–59), 43.5% of patients developed one or more complications, including cataract formation (25%), iris alterations (20%), and macular edema (16%) as the most frequent. Older age, intermediate uveitis, chronic course, and uveitis activity >3 months were significantly more frequent among patients with complications. In the multivariate analysis, age ⩾65 years (hazard ratio = 2.76, 95% confidence interval = 1.72–4.4), chronic course (hazard ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.23–259), and uveitis activity >3 months (hazard ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.33–2.84) were predictors of complications. Conclusion: In the present series of patients with uveitis, advanced age, chronic uveitis, and inflammatory activity >12 weeks were risk factors for complications.

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Risk factors for severe pulmonary regurgitation after repair of tetralogy of Fallot with transannular patch

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951120003170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (12) ◽

pp. 1917-1922

Author(s):

Putria Rayani Apandi ◽

Rubiana Sukardi ◽

Mulyadi M. Djer ◽

Piprim B. Yanuarso ◽

Suprayitno Wardoyo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Right Ventricular ◽

Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Pulmonary Regurgitation ◽

Transannular Patch ◽

Repaired Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽

Tetralogy Of Fallot Repair

AbstractBackground:Severe pulmonary regurgitation may result in right ventricular volume overload and decreased right ventricular function. Severe pulmonary regurgitation can be predicted prior to repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for severe pulmonary regurgitation in repaired tetralogy of Fallot with transannular patch.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study in 43 patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot using transannular patch. This study was carried out in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital during 2015 to 2018. Participants were followed up for routine examination using echocardiography. We used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression using STATA 12.1 to identify risk factors for severe pulmonary regurgitation in this population.Results:A total of 43 patients composed of 22 boys and 21 girls with repaired tetralogy of Fallot using transannular patch were enrolled in the study. Median age of participants was 6 years at admission (2.1–18.5 years) and 3.4 years (1–17 years) at repair. Median length of follow-up was 2.1(1–4.3) years. Risk factors associated with severe pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy of Fallot repair were McGoon ratio > 1.8 (odds ratio = 6.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.6–30) and follow-up duration >1.9 years (odds ratio = 3.6; 95% confidence interval = 0.9–15.2).Conclusion:McGoon ratio > 1.8 and follow-up duration > 1.9 years are associated with severe pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy of Fallot repair.

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Risk factors for loss to follow-up among children and young adults with congenital heart disease

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s104795111100148x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 307-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Andrew S. Mackie ◽

Gwen R. Rempel ◽

Kathryn N. Rankin ◽

David Nicholas ◽

Joyce Magill-Evans

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Family Income ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

History Of

AbstractObjectiveTo identify risk factors for loss to cardiology follow-up among children and young adults with congenital heart disease.MethodsWe used a matched case-control design. Cases were born before January, 2001 with moderate or complex congenital heart disease and were previously followed up in the paediatric or adult cardiology clinic, but not seen for 3 years or longer. Controls had been seen within 3 years. Controls were matched 3:1 to cases by year of birth and congenital heart disease lesion. Medical records were reviewed for potential risk factors for loss to follow-up. A subset of cases and controls participated in recorded telephone interviews.ResultsA total of 74 cases (66% male) were compared with 222 controls (61% male). A history of missed cardiology appointments was predictive of loss to follow-up for 3 years or longer (odds ratio 13.0, 95% confidence interval 3.3–51.7). Variables protective from loss to follow-up were higher family income (odds ratio 0.87 per $10,000 increase, 0.77–0.98), cardiac catheterisation within 5 years (odds ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1–0.6), and chart documentation of the need for cardiology follow-up (odds ratio 0.4, 95% confidence interval 0.2–0.8). Cases lacked awareness of the importance of follow-up and identified primary care physicians as their primary source of information about the heart, rather than cardiologists. Unlike cases, controls had methods to remember appointments.ConclusionsA history of one or more missed cardiology appointments predicted loss to follow-up for 3 or more years, as did lack of awareness of the need for follow-up. Higher family income, recent catheterisations, and medical record documentation of the need for follow-up were protective.

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An Analysis of Dental Implants Survival and Success

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.9.6554 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

pp. 2465-2466

Author(s):

Iustin Olariu ◽

Roxana Radu ◽

Teodora Olariu ◽

Andrada Christine Serafim ◽

Ramona Amina Popovici ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Medical History ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Health Related

Osseointegration of a dental implant may encounter a variety of problems caused by various factors, as prior health-related problems, patients� habits and the technique of the implant inserting. Retrospective cohort study of 70 patients who received implants between January 2011- April 2016 in one dental unit, with Kaplan-Meier method to calculate the probability of implants�s survival at 60 months. The analysis included demographic data, age, gender, medical history, behavior risk factors, type and location of the implant. For this cohort the implants�survival for the first 6 months was 92.86% compared to the number of patients and 97.56% compared to the number of total implants performed, with a cumulative failure rate of 2.43% after 60 months. Failures were focused exclusively on posterior mandible implants, on the percentage of 6.17%, odds ratio (OR) for these failures being 16.76 (P = 0.05) compared with other localisations of implants, exclusively in men with median age of 42 years.

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Sex modulates the association of radial artery augmentation index with renal function decline in individuals without chronic kidney disease

International Urology and Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s11255-020-02776-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qiao Qin ◽

Fangfang Fan ◽

Jia Jia ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Bo Zheng

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Function ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Renal Function Decline

Abstract Purpose An increase in arterial stiffness is associated with rapid renal function decline (RFD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the radial augmentation index (rAI), a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, affects RFD in individuals without CKD. Methods A total of 3165 Chinese participants from an atherosclerosis cohort with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) of ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included in this study. The baseline rAI normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats/min (rAIp75) was obtained using an arterial applanation tonometry probe. The eGFRs at both baseline and follow-up were calculated using the equation derived from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. The association of the rAIp75 with RFD (defined as a drop in the eGFR category accompanied by a ≥ 25% drop in eGFR from baseline or a sustained decline in eGFR of > 5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) was evaluated using the multivariate regression model. Results During the 2.35-year follow-up, the incidence of RFD was 7.30%. The rAIp75 had no statistically independent association with RFD after adjustment for possible confounders (adjusted odds ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.27, p = 0.074). When stratified according to sex, the rAIp75 was significantly associated with RFD in women, but not in men (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.23[1.06–1.43], p = 0.007 for women, 0.94[0.76–1.16], p = 0.542 for men; p for interaction = 0.038). Conclusion The rAI might help screen for those at high risk of early rapid RFD in women without CKD.

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Efficacy of two-week therapy with doxycycline-based quadruple regimen versus levofloxacin concomitant regimen for helicobacter pylori infection: a prospective single-center randomized controlled trial

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06356-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marouf Alhalabi ◽

Mohammed Waleed Alassi ◽

Kamal Alaa Eddin ◽

Khaled Cheha

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽

First Line ◽

Link Type ◽

Syrian Population

Abstract Background Antibiotic-resistance reduces the efficacy of conventional triple therapy for Helicobacter Pylori infections worldwide, which necessitates using various treatment protocols. We used two protocols, doxycycline-based quadruple regimen and concomitant levofloxacin regimen. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of doxycycline-based quadruple regimen for treating Helicobacter Pylori infections compared with levofloxacin concomitant regimen as empirical first-line therapy based on intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol analyses (PPA) in Syrian population. Settings and design An open-label, randomised, parallel, superiority clinical trial. Methods We randomly assigned 78 naïve patients who tested positive for Helicobacter Pylori gastric infection, with a 1:1 ratio to (D-group) which received (bismuth subsalicylate 524 mg four times daily, doxycycline 100 mg, tinidazole 500 mg, and esomeprazole 20 mg, each twice per day for 2 weeks), or (L-group) which received (levofloxacin 500 mg daily, tinidazole 500 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and esomeprazole 20 mg each twice per day for two weeks). We confirmed Helicobacter Pylori eradication by stool antigen test 8 weeks after completing the treatment. Results Thirty-nine patients were allocated in each group. In the D-group, 38 patients completed the follow-up, 30 patients were cured. While in the L-group, 39 completed the follow-up, 32patients were cured. According to ITT, the eradication rates were 76.92%, and 82.05%, for the D-group and L-group respectively. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was 1.371 [0.454–4.146]. According to PPA, the eradication rates were 78.9%, and 82.05% for the D-group and L-group respectively. The odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was 1.219 [0.394–3.774]. We didn’t report serious adverse effects. Conclusions Levofloxacin concomitant therapy wasn’t superior to doxycycline based quadruple therapy. Further researches are required to identify the optimal first-line treatment for Helicobacter-Pylori Infection in the Syrian population. Trial registration We registered this study as a standard randomized clinical trial (Clinicaltrial.gov, identifier-NCT04348786, date:29-January-2020).

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Parental risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – a large German case-control study

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02748-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Felicitas Schulz ◽

Ekkehart Jenetzky ◽

Nadine Zwink ◽

Charlotte Bendixen ◽

Florian Kipfmueller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Parental Risk Factors ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Evidence for periconceptional or prenatal environmental risk factors for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still scarce. Here, in a case-control study we investigated potential environmental risk factors in 199 CDH patients compared to 597 healthy control newborns. Methods The following data was collected: time of conception and birth, maternal BMI, parental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug intake, use of hairspray, contact to animals and parental chronic diseases. CDH patients were born between 2001 and 2019, all healthy control newborns were born in 2011. Patients and control newborns were matched in the ratio of three to one. Results Presence of CDH was significantly associated with maternal periconceptional alcohol intake (odds ratio = 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.101–2.440, p = 0.015) and maternal periconceptional use of hairspray (odds ratio = 2.072, 95% confidence interval 1.330–3.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests an association between CDH and periconceptional maternal alcohol intake and periconceptional maternal use of hairspray. Besides the identification of novel and confirmation of previously described parental risk factors, our study underlines the multifactorial background of isolated CDH.

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