Breast muscle development in commercial broiler chickens

Heat stress (HS) is an environmental stressor challenging poultry production and requires a strategy to cope with it. A total of 288-day-old male broiler chicks were fed with one of the following diets: basal diet, basal with betaine (BET), or with selenium and vitamin E (AOX), or with a combination of BET and AOX, under thermoneutral and cyclic HS. Results showed that HS reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.001), and impaired feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.03) during rearing period (0–42 day). BET increased ADG (p = 0.001) and decreased FCR (p = 0.02), whereas AOX had no effects. Breast muscle weight was decreased by HS (p < 0.001) and increased by BET (p < 0.001). Rectal temperature was increased by HS (p < 0.001) and improved by BET overall. Respiration rate was increased by HS (p < 0.001), but BET decreased it during HS (p = 0.04). Jejunum transepithelial resistance was reduced by HS and had no effect on permeability whereas BET increased jejunum permeability (p = 0.013). Overall, the reductions in ADG of broiler chickens during HS were ameliorated by supplementation with BET, with much of the increase in ADG being breast muscle.

Download Full-text

The development pattern of IGF-1 (insulin- like growth factor-1) protein expression in breast muscle of broiler chickens

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1204797k ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 797-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Z. Kanacki ◽

S. Stojanovic ◽

G. Uscebrka ◽

D. Zikic

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Postnatal Development ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Breast Muscle ◽

Development Pattern ◽

The Right ◽

Age Category

It is proved that the protein expression of IGF-1 is detected in several tissues including liver, brain, eye, lung, pancreas and muscle. This growth factor exerts autocrine and paracrine effect during embryonic and postnatal development and is involved in muscle development. The aim of this study was to determine the level of protein expression of IGF-1 in breast muscle during embryonic and postnatal development of broiler chickens. For the experiment were used fertilized eggs and broiler chickens of heavy hybrid "Ross 308", originating from parent flock at the age of 54 weeks. Samples of breast muscle were taken from embryos during the 15th and 19th day of embryonic development and 3rd and 21st day of postnatal development from 5 birds in each age category. From all of the embryos and chickens the right side of the brest muscles were individually sampled. The muscle tissue was macerated and then homogenized in buffer with protease inhibitors. After that immunoprecipitation, electrophoresis and transfer the Western blot analysis were performed on all samples. For visualization of proteins the membranes were incubated in chemiluminescent substrate. The results indicate statistically significant increase in protein expression of IGF-1 in breast muscle on the 19th day of embryonic development and 3rd of postnatal development in compared to 15th day of embryonic development (p<0,05 compared to 19th day of embryonic development and p<0,01 compared to the 3rd day of postnatal development). After the 3rd day of postnatal development the protein expression was at the same level until the 21st day of postnatal development.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF SEX SEPARATION AT THE FINISHER PHASE ON THE COMPARATIVE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND BREAST MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE BROILER CHICKENS

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v21i1.1075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 11-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. O. Laseinde ◽

J. A. Olayemi

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Management Practice ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Breast Muscle ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Body Parts ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Male And Female

Male and Female Anak strain of broilers were raised on deep litter to investigate the effect of separating the sexes at the finisher phase on growth performance, carcass characteristics and breast muscle development between the sexes. The day-old chicks were raised as mixed sexes for four weeks starter period. Thereafter, 108 of the starter birds were distributed into three sex groups - male, female and mixed, each group replicated thrice and uniformly fed finisher diet for six weeks. The birds .were individually weighed weekly, Six birds representing each sex from each group were dissected at week 10 to compare performance in terms of external body parts, internal organs, fat depot, leg bones and breast muscles. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between male and female of either sex groups in weekly body weight gains, feed consumption, utilisation, weight of breast muscles, internal organs, and fat deposit. Coefficient of variation was higher in male than female. Percentage male superiority was higher when the birds were raised as separated sexes than mixed. Male broilers raised as separate sex had significantly (P<0.05) heavier neck and thigh than the female, while in the mixed sex group, the male was significantly (P <0.05) higher than the female in back, breast, wing and tibia weights. Males in both sex groups recorded significantly (P<0.05) heavier head, drumstick, shank and femur. The result from this study has shown that there is no statistically significant advantage for separating the broiler chickens into sexes as a management practice during the finisher phase.

Download Full-text

Restricted Feeding Regimens Improve White Striping Associated Muscular Defects In Broiler Chickens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1194475/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Hammed Ayansola ◽

Xiaoxiao Yu ◽

Jiaqi Lei ◽

Chaoyong Liao ◽

Yuming Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Free Access ◽

Breast Meat ◽

Intermittent Feeding ◽

White Striping ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Ad Libitum

Abstract Background: Ad libitum (AD) feeding is crucial to profitable commercial broiler chicken production. However, it partly disrupts muscle development, causing myopathies like white striping in broilers’ breast meat. For this reason, this study investigated the impacts of intermittent feeding (IF) and fasting strategies as potential alternatives to AD feeding. A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were randomly allotted into 4 groups - ad libitum, 1h-IF group (4 times/day, 1 hour each time), 1.5h-IF (4 times/day, 1.5hrs each time), and acute fasting (1-day acute fasting, 6-days free access to feed). Feed intake, weight gain, muscle structure, differential genes, and protein expressions were assessed in the broiler breast muscles. Results: IF and fasting significantly reduced ectopic fat deposit and muscle fiber size (p < 0.05). Notably, 1.5h-IF promoted PAX7+ satellite cell proliferation supporting muscle growth and repair activities in fast-growth broiler chickens. Consistently, the restricted regimens downregulated the collagen protein synthesis of skeletal muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (TRIM63 and MAFBX) in 42 – days old breast muscle samples (p < 0.05), especially in the 1.5h-IF group. Compared to AD-fed birds, 1.5h-IF and fasting feeding significantly decreased white striping scores in the breast meat muscle (p < 0.05). ConclusionChronic IF or acute fasting improved muscle health of broiler chickens without significant compromise on growth rate and feed efficiency compared to AD feeding. Therefore, this study presents potential feeding frequencies relevant for optimal growth pace while alleviating the occurrence of myopathic pathophysiology in broiler chickens.

Download Full-text

Pathogenicity of local identified NDV strain related to genotype VII to 28 day old commercial broiler chickens

MOJ Applied Bionics and Biomechanics ◽

10.15406/mojabb.2018.02.00075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

MM Amer

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Genotype Vii

Download Full-text

Pathogenicity of local identified NDV strain related to genotype VII to 28 day old commercial broiler chickens

MOJ Bioequivalence & Bioavailability ◽

10.15406/mojbb.2018.05.00107 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed M Amer ◽

Hagar M Ahmed ◽

Khaled M Elbayoumi ◽

Mohamed A Kutkat

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Genotype Vii

Download Full-text

The Interplay between Campylobacter and the Caecal Microbial Community of Commercial Broiler Chickens over Time

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 221

Author(s):

Ilaria Patuzzi ◽

Massimiliano Orsini ◽

Veronica Cibin ◽

Sara Petrin ◽

Eleonora Mastrorilli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Control Measures ◽

Microbial Network ◽

Gut Colonization ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Zoonotic Bacteria ◽

Human Infections

Campylobacter is the most frequent foodborne zoonotic bacteria worldwide, with chicken meat being overwhelmingly the most important reservoir for human infections. Control measures implemented at the farm level (i.e., biosecurity or vaccination), which have been successfully applied to limit other pathogens, such as Salmonella, have not been effective in reducing Campylobacter occurrence. Thus, new approaches are needed to fully understand the ecological interactions of Campylobacter with host animals to effectively comprehend its epidemiology. The objective of this study was to analyse longitudinally the gut microbiota composition of Campylobacter-infected and non-infected farms to identify any difference that could potentially be indicative of gut colonization by Campylobacter spp. Differences in the colonization rate and timing were observed at the farms that became positive for Campylobacter jejuni over the investigated time points, even though in positive tests, the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni gut colonization was not observed before the second week of the life of the birds. Significant differences were observed in the abundances of specific bacterial taxa between the microbiota of individuals belonging to farms that became Campylobacter positive during the study and those who remained negative with particular reference to Bacteroidales and Clostridiales, respectively. Moreover, Campylobacter colonization dramatically influenced the microbiota richness, although to a different extent depending on the infection timing. Finally, a key role of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus genera on the Campylobacter microbial network was observed. Understanding the ecology of the Campylobacter interaction with host microbiota during infection could support novel approaches for broiler microbial barrier restoration. Therefore, evidence obtained through this study can be used to identify options to reduce the incidence of infection at a primary production level based on the targeted influence of the intestinal microbiota, thus helping develop new control strategies in order to mitigate the risk of human exposure to Campylobacter by chicken meat consumption.

Download Full-text

Investigation of allele specific expression in various tissues of broiler chickens using the detection tool VADT

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83459-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Joseph Tomlinson ◽

Shawn W. Polson ◽

Jing Qiu ◽

Juniper A. Lake ◽

William Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Allele Specific Expression ◽

Detection Tool ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Significant Phenomenon ◽

Allele Specific

AbstractDifferential abundance of allelic transcripts in a diploid organism, commonly referred to as allele specific expression (ASE), is a biologically significant phenomenon and can be examined using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from RNA-seq. Quantifying ASE aids in our ability to identify and understand cis-regulatory mechanisms that influence gene expression, and thereby assist in identifying causal mutations. This study examines ASE in breast muscle, abdominal fat, and liver of commercial broiler chickens using variants called from a large sub-set of the samples (n = 68). ASE analysis was performed using a custom software called VCF ASE Detection Tool (VADT), which detects ASE of biallelic SNPs using a binomial test. On average ~ 174,000 SNPs in each tissue passed our filtering criteria and were considered informative, of which ~ 24,000 (~ 14%) showed ASE. Of all ASE SNPs, only 3.7% exhibited ASE in all three tissues, with ~ 83% showing ASE specific to a single tissue. When ASE genes (genes containing ASE SNPs) were compared between tissues, the overlap among all three tissues increased to 20.1%. Our results indicate that ASE genes show tissue-specific enrichment patterns, but all three tissues showed enrichment for pathways involved in translation.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of commercially available aroA delated gene E. coli O78 vaccine in commercial broiler chickens under Middle East simulating field conditions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81523-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hussein M. Galal ◽

M. I. Abdrabou ◽

Ahmed H. I. Faraag ◽

C. K. Mah ◽

Azza M. Tawfek

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

E Coli ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Antibiotics Use ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

And Performance

AbstractThe broiler industry in the Middle East (ME) faces many challenges related to bacterial infections, including M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae, E. coli, and other gram-negative bacteria, exacerbated by various errors in the brooding process. Antibiotics use in the first three days of life, such as Linco-Spectin 100 SP, tilmicosin, enrofloxacin, tylosin, colistin, and doxycycline, is the trend in the market to control such challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the newly introduced aroA E. coli vaccine (Poulvac E. coli) and its ability to reduce over-reliance on the heavy use of antibiotics in the ME. The study was conducted on 160 broiler chicks, divided into eight even groups. Each group was treated differently in terms of antibiotic therapy and ages at the time of Poulvac E. coli administration and the challenge of virulent avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), serotype O78. Spray application of Poulvac E. coli at seven days of age plus Linco-Spectin 100 SP during the first three days provided the best results for zero mortality after challenge with APEC, while Poulvac E. coli at seven days with enrofloxacin during the early three days resulted in 10% mortality. Poulvac E. coli hatchery vaccination protected birds against mortality but reduced body weight gain compared to the 7-day group vaccinated with Linco-Spectin 100 SP during the first three days. Poulvac E. coli given on day one or day seven did not affect the immune response to concurrent respiratory viral vaccines and, in some cases, improved response. This study shows that Poulvac E. coli at seven days of age, together with Linco-Spectin 100 during the first three days, has produced the best results in terms of protection and performance in the ME high presence of avian pathogenic E. coli field challenge.

Download Full-text

Genetic basis and identification of candidate genes for wooden breast and white striping in commercial broiler chickens

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86176-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juniper A. Lake ◽

Jack C. M. Dekkers ◽

Behnam Abasht

Keyword(s):

Candidate Genes ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Specific Protein ◽

Chromosome 11 ◽

A Genome ◽

White Striping ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Wooden Breast

AbstractWooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS) are highly prevalent and economically damaging muscle disorders of modern commercial broiler chickens characterized respectively by palpable firmness and fatty white striations running parallel to the muscle fiber. High feed efficiency and rapid growth, especially of the breast muscle, are believed to contribute to development of such muscle defects; however, their etiology remains poorly understood. To gain insight into the genetic basis of these myopathies, a genome-wide association study was conducted using a commercial crossbred broiler population (n = 1193). Heritability was estimated at 0.5 for WB and WS with high genetic correlation between them (0.88). GWAS revealed 28 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on five chromosomes for WB and 6 QTL on one chromosome for WS, with the majority of QTL for both myopathies located in a ~ 8 Mb region of chromosome 5. This region has highly conserved synteny with a portion of human chromosome 11 containing a cluster of imprinted genes associated with growth and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Candidate genes include potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1), involved in insulin secretion and cardiac electrical activity, lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1), involved in inflammation and immune response.

Download Full-text