The Costs and Benefits of Shareholder Democracy: Gadflies and Low-Cost Activism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolay Gantchev ◽  
Mariassunta Giannetti
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Shareholder Value ◽  
Career Concerns ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shareholder Proposals ◽  
Active Individual ◽  
Shareholder Democracy ◽  
To Receive

Abstract We show that there is cross-sectional variation in the quality of shareholder proposals. On average, proposals submitted by the most active individual sponsors are less likely to receive majority support, but they occasionally pass if shareholders mistakenly support them and may even be implemented due to directors’ career concerns. While gadfly proposals destroy shareholder value if they pass, shareholder proposals on average are value enhancing in firms with more informed shareholders. We conclude that more informed voting could increase the benefits associated with shareholder proposals.

scholarly journals Vision Atrophy Screening and Revelation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiruthiga Devi M ◽  
Lingamuthu K ◽  
Baskar M ◽  
Deepa B ◽  
Merlin G
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Remote Diagnostics ◽  
Glaucoma Detection ◽  
Screening Services ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Retinal Fundus ◽  
To Receive

Glaucoma which is known as the “thief of sight”, is an irreversible eye disease It is mainly caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), or loss of blood supply to the optic nerve. Glaucoma detection and diagnosis is very important. By analyzing the optic disc and its surroundings, This paper introduces a method for providing automated glaucoma screening services based on a framework that proposes a retinal image synthesizer for glaucoma assessment by analyzing the optic disc and its surroundings. The Cup to Disc Ratio (CDR) is critical for the system, and it is calculated using 2-D retinal fundus images. The synthetic images produced by our system are compared quantitatively. The structural properties of synthetic and real images are analyzed, and the quality of colour is calculated by extracting the 2-D histogram. The system allows patients to receive low-cost remote diagnostics from a distance, preventing blindness and vision loss by early detection and management.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in Sachets Sold in the City of Yaoundé in Cameroon: Tests of Sensitivity to the Antibiotics of Bacteria Isolated

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Nguepidjo Gilbert ◽  
Kapso Tchouankep Mireille ◽  
Ngong Ankiambom Innocent ◽  
Tonmeu Douyong Chimène Sandrine ◽  
Enoka Patrice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City

Water is the basic drink for human beings and drinking water in sachets is very popular because of its relatively low cost and availability. The aim of this study is to determine the bacteriological profile of sachet drinking water sold in the city of Yaounde. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study covering the period from March to June 2019, carried out in the application laboratory of ETMS-Yaounde. A total of 230 samples of drinking water in sachets purchased in different markets in the city of Yaounde were analyzed using Mac Conkey's flooding method. The identification was done on the API 20 E Gallery and the susceptibility test on Mueller Hinton media. The size of the sample was 230 packaged sachet drinking water and 213 of the 230 revealed 92% of positive culture of germs, and only 17 samples gave a negative culture, at a percentage of 8% of isolated germs. The isolated bacterial species and their respective abundances in samples were Enterobacter gergoviae (3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%), Proteus mirabilis (5%), Serratia fonticola (5%), Salmonella choler arizonae cloacae (8%), Salmonella spp. (8%), Enterobacter cloacae (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (28%). All these tested germs were resistant to Amoxicillin and Erythromycin and 70% of tested germs were sensitive to Gentamycin. Overall, the results revealed poor microbiological quality of these waters. This exposes consumers to health risks, and it is important to inform and sensitize consumers about the risks involved, to educate producers and to control their activities by the health services.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Ibu untuk Melakukan Kunjungan ANC (K4) di Wilayah Kerja Centro Saúade Comunitaria Letefoho Posto Administrativo Letefoho Municipio Ermera Timor Leste

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Felisbela A. O. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Husband Support ◽  
First Contact ◽  
To Receive

Antenatal Care (ANC) visit is a visit by pregnant women to health professional in order to receive ANC services. ANC visits are very important for a pregnant woman, to ensure the quality of ANCservices, there needs to be an indicator stating the visit of pregnant women with coverage of K1 and K4, where K1 is the first contact of pregnant women with health workers and K4 is the fourth contact of pregnant women or more with health workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing maternal behavior to conduct ANC (K4) visits at Centro Saúde Comunitaria Letefoho. This research method was observational analytic with cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study consisted of 136 mothers and determined by using systematic random sampling techniques. Data were collected by using questionnaires and were analyzed by applying descriptive and bivariate using SPSS version 21. The results showed suggested that maternal education (p = 0.956), mother's knowledge (p = 0.420), mother's attitude (p = 0.817) and social culture (p = 0.618) had no association with ANC visit while the husband support (p = 0.032) and distance to health services (p = 0,000) were found to be correlated to ANC visits.

A NOVEL FABRICATION METHOD OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL NANO-MOLD BY COMBINING ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY WITH WET ETCHING TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 2050028
Author(s):  
E CHENG ◽  
SUZHOU TANG ◽  
LINGPENG LIU ◽  
HELIN ZOU ◽  
ZHENGYAN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultraviolet Lithography ◽  
Uv Lithography ◽  
Fluidic Devices ◽  
Mold Fabrication

Nano-fluidic devices have great potential in the applications of biology, chemistry, and medicine. However, their applications have been hampered by their expensive or complicated fabrication methods. We present a new and simple approach to fabricate low-cost two-dimensional (2D) nano-mold based on ultraviolet (UV) lithography and wet etching. The influence of UV lithography parameters on the width dimension of AZ5214 photoresist was investigated. With the optimized parameters of UV lithography, the width dimension of photoresist patterns had sharply decreased from microscale to nano-scale. At the same time, the influences of etching time on the over-etching amount of SiO2 film and nano-mold depth were also analyzed for further reducing the width of nano-mold. In addition, the effect of photoresist mesas deformation on the nano-mold fabrication was also studied for improving the quality of nano-mold. By the proposed method, trapezoid cross-sectional 2D nano-mold with different dimensions can be obtained for supporting varied applications. The minimum nano-mold arrays we fabricated are the ones with the dimensions of 115[Formula: see text]nm in top edge, 284[Formula: see text]nm in bottom edge, and 136[Formula: see text]nm in depth. This method provides a low-cost way to fabricate high-quality and high-throughput 2D nano-mold.

scholarly journals The Quality of health records used in the processing of Lawsuit Cases, a Study in Zabol, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Abbas Sheikhtaheri ◽  
Ali Aliabadi ◽  
Samaneh Saravani Aval
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
To Receive

Background: Forensics is one of the most important areas for the use of health records. Annually, thousands of people refer to forensic medicine organizations to receive health records relating to assaults, accidents, conflicts, medical malpractice, examining the corpse, and clinical examinations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of health records that were used in Zabol Department of Forensic Medicine.Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, five hundred health records in total were examined. Data were extracted from health records archived in the Department of Forensic Medicine. Data was collected using a checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 software program.Results: The results showed that 71.2% of the lawsuits were associated with accidents. As for ineffectiveness of the health records, 415 cases (83%) and 441 cases (88.2%) were associated with inaccuracies and incompletely collected information, while 149 cases (29.8%) were associated with the lack of signature and sealing.Conclusion: The quality of the health records under study was not acceptable and despite the importance of legally correct documentation, information was defective. Medical records’ documentation has numerous weak points in terms of accuracy, completeness, consistency, and being signed and sealed.

scholarly journals Parental Satisfaction with Caregiving across the Life Span to Their Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576
Author(s):  
Sayyed Ali Samadi ◽  
Roy McConkey ◽  
Ghasem Abdollahi Boghrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Satisfaction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
To Receive

The increased life expectancy of adult individuals with developmental disabilities and the likelihood of parents having to continue caregiving into their old age is an emerging international issue which deserves investigation, especially concerning satisfaction with caregiving. Moreover, this needs to be assessed in different cultures in order to create a better understanding of how families are best supported in their lifelong caregiving. A sample of 408 parents was gathered in six cities across Iran with a son or daughter who had a confirmed developmental disability. Self-completed measures of satisfaction and stress were obtained along with demographic details of the child and family. Satisfaction with caring was generally positive and was similar for mothers and fathers, for older as well as for younger parents; and between different types of developmental disabilities. However, both personal and child satisfaction decreased when parents reported increased stress and when caring for teenage and adult offspring and those with behavior problems. Parents need to receive support to sustain their motivation and satisfaction with caregiving if their quality of life and that of their children with disabilities is to be maintained and enhanced across their lifespan.

scholarly journals An alternative to the orthopaedic traction table (fracture table): A prototype of low cost, easy reproduction and good applicability

10.3823/2347 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Ariel de Lima ◽  
Raquel Autran Coelho ◽  
José Alberto Dias Leite ◽  
Lana Lacerda de Lima ◽  
Luiz Lopes Lima
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Operating Table ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fracture Table

Abstract Background: Orthopaedic traction tables are used as an aid in numerous surgical procedures. The present paper aims to present a prototype of an external device of lower limb traction, which is portable, of simple construction, and can be installed on any operating table, with possible application in surgical and teaching practices. We will compare the quality of radiographic images obtained with the help of this prototype (PT) to those images obtained with the aid of the conventional traction table (CT). Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, observational, and double blind study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee. On two occasions 36 randomly selected radiographs of the lower limbs, 18 of which obtained on the CT and the remaining on the PT, were evaluated by nine physicians. These radiographs were obtained from three volunteer and none of them presented musculoskeletal system disorders previously diagnosed in the study. Examiners rated each picture from 1 to 5, according to the quality of the image obtained. The responses were submitted to statistical analysis by SPSS ®, v23. Comparisons were considered significant when p <0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The average ratings were similar and all significance tests between the averages were higher than 0.9. The intra-observer agreement was 76.13% for the PT and 82.69% for the CT. The inter-observer agreement was low for both models. Due to its lower weight and smaller size compared to the CT and the material used for prototyping, the production cost of the PT is quite affordable. Conclusions: The PT presented in this paper is a good alternative to CT.   Keywords: Traction table, Fracture table, Orthopaedic surgery, Orthopaedic prototype, Lower limbs.

scholarly journals Patients’ Attitude and Feeling Toward the Presence of Medical Students in Educational Clinics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Tahere Abdian ◽  
Naser Hatami ◽  
Mozhdeh Rahmanian ◽  
Seyed Ebrahim Sadeghi ◽  
Navid Kalani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Feeling ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
To Receive

Background: Clinical education calls for the interaction between the patient and the medical learner and considering the significance of the patients’ satisfaction and its role in clinical education to learners. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate patients’ attitudes and feelings toward the presence of medical students in educational clinics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 274 patients visiting the clinics in 2018, who were selected by the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the questionnaire of Izadi et al in two parts and then analyzed by SPSS 16. Results: The results showed that the total score of patients’ attitudes toward the presence of the students was 66.3, which was above the expected average score (i.e., 3). In addition, the total score of patients’ feelings toward the presence of the students was 67.3, which was above the expected average score (i.e., 3). Moreover, the average score of female patients’ feelings toward the presence of the students was significantly lower than that of male patients (P<0.05). Eventually, individuals with education levels below diploma and above bachelors were the most and least comfortable about the presence of the students (P<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, patients had a positive feeling and attitude toward the presence of the students in the clinics. These factors need to receive more attention to increase the satisfaction and quality of clinical education.

scholarly journals Problematic issues relating to the quality of information used for accounting and management accounting of low-cost assets

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenovii Zadorozhnyi
Keyword(s):  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
To Receive

The article presents an analysis of research practice on the classification criteria of current assets, noncurrent assets and low-cost assets. It is proved that the main feature for dividing assets into current and noncurrent (capital) ones should be seen in their planning operation period. It is reasoned that low-cost assets include assets worth up to UAH 2,500. It is proposed to change the name of Account 22 “Low-cost items” to “Non-durables” and to consolidate there its subsidiary accounts, respectively, “expensive”, “cheap” and “low-cost” non-durable items. Working clothes, safety footwear, and tools, whose planning operation period exceeds one year, should be attributed as noncurrent assets and presented on Account 10 “Capital assets” and Account 11 “Other noncurrent tangible assets”. The necessity of reducing primary documentation for accounting durable items is proved. It is substantiated that accounting treatment of intangible assets should be carried out not only as part of noncurrent assets on Account 12 “Intangible assets”, but also as part of current assets on Account 29 “Current intangible assets”. It is shown that the proposed changes will give internal users and investors an opportunity to receive more transparent and reliable information about enterprise’s financial health.

scholarly journals The problem of refusal from immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: results of a multi-center sociological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
T. N. Kazykina ◽  
S. A. Sterlikov ◽  
E. S. Borisova ◽  
N. V. Gripekina ◽  
E. N. Dolzhenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
To Receive

The objective: to study the reasons for the refusal of legally authorized representatives of children to conduct mass immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis using a representative sample of population and to outline possible ways to change this negative situation.Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional multi-center study was conducted. In 8 regions of the Russian Federation, the survey was conducted in 1,059 legally authorized representatives of children refusing to undergo mass immunodiagnostics of tuberculosis. The following main reasons for refusal were found out: fear of side effects and complications (32.6%), distrust in the quality of the test (29.7%), lack of understanding of the need to examine a child for tuberculosis. 72.2% of respondents demonstrated poor awareness of the problem of tuberculosis – they denied this problem or associated it with a different social environment, which was fertile ground for negative information received through various channels. To solve this problem, it is necessary to intensify health education in various groups of the population, including work with religious communities. Additional resources can be used such as targeted social advertisements, which will allow covering with health education propaganda of 33.1% of people who do not want to receive information about tuberculosis, expanding the regulation for the use of alternative methods of screening for tuberculosis.The authors state that they have no conflict of interests.

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