scholarly journals M119. DECONSTRUCTING PSYCHOSIS AND CROSS-VALIDATING THE R-PAS VARIABLES TARGETING ITS CONSTRUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S180-S180
Author(s):  
Kirsten Buckingham ◽  
Gregory J Meyer ◽  
Emily T O’Gorman ◽  
Joni L Mihura
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Traditional Measure ◽  
Reality Testing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Consistent with the contemporary literature that psychosis constructs are best represented as continuous syndromes, this study aims to determine if dimensional psychosis measures outperform traditional categorical measures, thereby improving detection of symptom severity. The Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) contains meta-analytically supported internationally normed scales for assessing disordered thinking and reality testing that have been replicated in many countries. Given the literature trend of utilizing a dimensional approach when assessing psychosis, a dimensional R-PAS scale for assessing disordered thinking was recently developed. Therefore, it is important to determine if this new measure outperforms the traditional measure. We also attempt to replicate recent research by deconstructing the key components of psychosis (e.g., disorganized thinking, hallucinations, and negative symptoms) and evaluating the validity of the R-PAS measures designed to assess these constructs. Methods Our study uses an archival clinical sample of 70 male inpatients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and major depressive disorder (Mean age = 41.9, Range 20 to 63) that were collected as part of an IRB-approved research project. Two trained diagnosticians independently interviewed the patients using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) and blindly assigned diagnoses as well as Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) ratings. Interrater reliability of their ratings using ICCs will be computed. The Rorschach was administered and relevant R-PAS variables were scored by trained research assistants. The new R-PAS dimensional measure of disorganized thinking (SPCT) will be coded by the first author, and a subset of protocols will be blindly coded by the third author. Interrater reliability will be computed for all variables. Results First, we will conduct correlational analyses to test the relationship between clinician ratings of disorganized thinking (on the BPRS Conceptual Disorganization and relevant SCID criteria) and the traditional measure of disorganized thinking on R-PAS (WSumCog). We will then use hierarchical regression analyses to determine whether the new dimensionalized measure of disorganized thinking (SPCT) provides incremental prediction of the clinician ratings of disorganized thinking on the BPRS and SCID-P over the traditional R-PAS measure (WSumCog). To replicate previous research, we will test the relationship between negative symptom ratings (on the BPRS and SCID) and R-PAS measures of behavioral, perceptual, and emotional task engagement (Complexity & FQ-%). Further, we anticipate that clinician ratings of delusions (on the BPRS and the SCID) will correlate with R-PAS measures of inaccurate understanding of human intention and action (M-) and illogical thinking (SPCT Illogical Thinking subscale). Lastly, we use correlational analyses to test the relationship between clinician ratings of hallucinations (on the BPRS and SCID) and an R-PAS measure of visual misperceptions (FQ-%). Discussion Implications of this research provide additional validation for assessing key components of psychosis with a standardized internationally normed measure. Psychosis components (e.g., poor reality testing) limit the accuracy of patients’ self-reported symptoms and inflate rates of misdiagnosis; these R-PAS measures provide a framework for clinicians to behaviorally assess symptoms on a continuum ranging from nonclinical to severe psychosis-level disturbance. This research will aid in more accurate symptom assessment, thereby improving prognosis and treatment planning.

scholarly journals Executive and Daily Life Functioning Influence the Relationship Between ADHD and Mood Symptoms in University Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705471990025
Author(s):  
Saleh M. H. Mohamed ◽  
Norbert A. Börger ◽  
Jaap J. van der Meere
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
University Students ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Many studies have indicated a close relationship between ADHD and mood symptoms in university students. In the present study, we explore the role of daily functional impairments and executive functioning in the ADHD–mood relationship. Method: A total of 343 adults (126 males) filled out (a) the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale, (b) the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, (c) the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale, and (d) the Executive Function Index Scale. Results: The correlation between mood symptoms and ADHD was .48 (moderate correlation) and dropped to .15 (weak correlation) when controlling for functional problems and executive functioning. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that both functional impairments and executive functioning significantly explained 42% to 53% of the variance of mood symptoms. The addition of ADHD symptoms to the model slightly increased the explained mood variance by only 1%. Conclusion: These findings underline the role of experienced difficulties in triggering mood symptoms in ADHD symptomatology.

Dose reduction of risperidone and olanzapine can improve cognitive function and negative symptoms in stable schizophrenic patients: A single-blinded, 52-week, randomized controlled study

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Zhou ◽  
Guannan Li ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Hongmei Cui ◽  
Yuping Ning
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Background: The long-term effects of dose reduction of atypical antipsychotics on cognitive function and symptomatology in stable patients with schizophrenia remain unclear. We sought to determine the change in cognitive function and symptomatology after reducing risperidone or olanzapine dosage in stable schizophrenic patients. Methods: Seventy-five stabilized schizophrenic patients prescribed risperidone (≥4 mg/day) or olanzapine (≥10 mg/day) were randomly divided into a dose-reduction group ( n=37) and a maintenance group ( n=38). For the dose-reduction group, the dose of antipsychotics was reduced by 50%; for the maintenance group, the dose remained unchanged throughout the whole study. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Negative Symptom Assessment-16, Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects, and Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery were measured at baseline, 12, 28, and 52 weeks. Linear mixed models were performed to compare the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Negative Symptom Assessment-16, Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery scores between groups. Results: The linear mixed model showed significant time by group interactions on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative symptoms, Negative Symptom Assessment-16, Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects, speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory and total score of MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (all p<0.05). Post hoc analyses showed significant improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative subscale, Negative Symptom Assessment-16, Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects, speed of processing, working memory and total score of MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery for the dose reduction group compared with those for the maintenance group (all p<0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated that a risperidone or olanzapine dose reduction of 50% may not lead to more severe symptomatology but can improve speed of processing, working memory and negative symptoms in patients with stabilized schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Impact of Negative Symptom Domains and Other Clinical Characteristics on Functional Outcomes in Patients with Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hiroki Okada ◽  
Dsisuke Hirano ◽  
Takamichi Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia have generally been defined using five factors; however, few studies have examined the relationship between these five factors and functional outcomes. In addition, there is no definitive conclusion regarding the association between negative symptoms and various aspects of functional outcomes (daily living, social, and vocational). This study is aimed at examining the relationship between these five domains of negative symptoms and different functional outcomes. Patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia ( n = 100 ) were selected for the evaluation. We used the Brief Negative Symptom Scale to assess negative symptoms, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale to assess positive symptoms, the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale to assess cognition, and the Evaluative Beliefs Scale (negative self-assessment) to assess psychological factors. We analyzed their relative impact on Social Functioning Scale domains using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Concerning the relationship between daily living and negative symptoms, cognitive function showed the highest association with residential outcomes, such as self-care and shopping, while avolition appeared to show an additional contribution; however, for recreational outcomes, avolition showed the main association, whereas cognitive function showed no additional contribution. For social outcomes, asociality and negative self-assessment showed the main associations, while vocational outcomes were determined by both cognitive function and multiple negative symptoms, such as avolition, anhedonia, asociality, and alogia. Since negative symptom domains appear to differentially impact each outcome, specifically daily living outcome, it is important to evaluate the residential outcomes and recreational outcomes separately. Overall, the present study points to the importance of formulating psychosocial treatment strategies specific for each type of preferred outcome in patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship Between Movement Disorders and Physical Activity in Patients With Schizophrenia: An Actigraphy Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia E Pieters ◽  
Jeroen Deenik ◽  
Diederik E Tenback ◽  
Jasper van Oort ◽  
Peter N van Harten
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Somatic Comorbidity ◽  
Extrapyramidal Syndromes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Low physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are major contributors to mental health burden and increased somatic comorbidity and mortality in people with schizophrenia and related psychoses. Movement disorders are highly prevalent in schizophrenia populations and are related to impaired functioning and poor clinical outcome. However, the relationship between movement disorders and PA and SB has remained largely unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between movement disorders (akathisia, dyskinesia, dystonia, and parkinsonism) and PA and SB in 216 patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses. Actigraphy, the St. Hans Rating Scale for extrapyramidal syndromes, and psychopathological ratings (PANSS-r) were applied. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, adjusting for sex, age, negative symptoms, and defined daily dose of prescribed antipsychotics. Parkinsonism was significantly associated with decreased PA (β = −0.21, P &lt; .01) and increased SB (β = 0.26, P &lt; .001). For dystonia, only the relationship with SB was significant (β = 0.15, P &lt; .05). Akathisia was associated with more PA (β = 0.14, P &lt; .05) and less SB (β = −0.15, P &lt; .05). For dyskinesia, the relationships were non-significant. In a prediction model, akathisia, dystonia, parkinsonism and age significantly predicted PA (F(5,209) = 16.6, P &lt; .001, R2Adjusted = 0.27) and SB (F(4,210) = 13.4, P &lt; .001, R2Adjusted = 0.19). These findings suggest that movement disorders, in particular parkinsonism, are associated with reduced PA and increased SB in patients with psychotic disorders. Future studies should take movement disorders into account when examining PA and SB, to establish the clinical value of movement disorders in activating people with psychotic disorders to improve their mental and somatic health.

Adolescents’ self-mutilation - Relationship with dependent behaviour

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bolognini ◽  
B. Plancherel ◽  
J. Laget ◽  
P. Stéphan ◽  
O. Halfon
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study, which was carried out in the French-speacking part of Switzerland, was to examine the relationship between suicide attempts and self-mutilation by adolescents and young adults. The population, aged 14-25 years (N = 308), included a clinical sample of dependent subjects (drug abuse and eating disorders) compared to a control sample. On the basis of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview ( Sheehan et al., 1998 ), DSM-IV criteria were used for the inclusion of the clinical population. The results concerning the occurrence of suicide attempts as well as on self-mutilation confirm most of the hypotheses postulated: suicidal attempts and self-mutilation were more common in the clinical group compared to the control group, and there was a correlation between suicide attempts and self-mutilation. However, there was only a partial overlap, attesting that suicide and self-harm might correspond to two different types of behaviour.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Behavior Assessment System for Children Teacher Rating Scale–Child—Short Form

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy W. Kamphaus ◽  
Jennifer S. Thorpe ◽  
Anne Pierce Winsor ◽  
Anna P. Kroncke ◽  
Erin T. Dowdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Behavior Assessment ◽  
Teacher Rating Scale

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGEMENT SUPPORT, TRAINING MOTIVATION, INTENTION TO TRANSFER, AFFECTIVE REACTION, UTILITY REACTION, SUPERVISOR SUPPORT, AND LEVEL III AND IV LEADERSHIP TRAINING TRANSFER: A CASE IN INDONESIAN MINISTRY OF FINANCE

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Roby Syaiful Ubed
Keyword(s):  
Training Transfer ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Supervisory Support ◽  
Affective Reaction ◽  
Transfer Training ◽  
Training Motivation ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

The purpose of this research is to examine how training transfer is influenced by management support, training motivation, intention to transfer, affective reaction, utility reaction, supervisory support. To achieve this purpose, this study used the employees in Indonesian Ministry of Finance. A sample of 258 employees from level III and level IV leaders completed questionnaires that include measurements such as training motivation, supervisor supports, affective reaction, utility reaction, intention to transfer, training transfer, perceived training transfer, training retention, managerial transfer support, motivation to learn, training self-efficacy, and demographic characteristics. Hypothesis testing was done by using three steps of hierarchical regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are significantly positive relationships between the aforementioned independent variables and training transfer. Implications of this study were discussed. 

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