Life Course Events and Migration in the Transition to Adulthood

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Horowitz ◽  
Barbara Entwisle
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Do life course events stimulate migration during the transition to adulthood? We identify nine specific life events in the family, education, and employment domains and test whether they lead to migration in the short term, using fixed-effects models that remove the influence of all stable individual-level characteristics and controlling for age. Marital and school completion events have substantively large effects on migration compared with individual work transitions, although there are more of the latter over the young adult years. Furthermore, young adults who are white and from higher class backgrounds are more likely to migrate in response to life events, suggesting that migration may be a mechanism for the reproduction of status attainment. Overall, the results demonstrate a close relationship between life course events and migration and suggest a potential role for migration in explaining the effect of life course events on well-being and behavior.

scholarly journals AGENCY AS IDEOLOGY: PRECARITY AND DISEMBEDDEDNESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY LIFE COURSE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S589-S589
Author(s):  
wenxuan huang
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Transition Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract The “individualization” thesis has gradually merged into the discussion of increasing heterogeneity of the life course as well as growing inequality over historical time. As individuals are “disembedded” from both cultural traditions and more recently social institutions, individual agency has drawn revived interest in outlining “choice biography” that is seen as paramount to personal outcomes and even containing overcoming force against structure. This practice mutes the consideration of the ongoing forces of social structure that by their very nature continue to constitute individual selves and possibilities. The uncritical treatment of individual agency makes it problematic for the study of precarity, mystifying and obscuring the analysis of inequality-generating mechanisms, reducing them to the individual-level. We analyze current uses of the concept of agency in the life course research, and particularly in the areas of transition research, e.g., transition to adulthood/retirement, where individual agency is assumed to be most active.

scholarly journals The psychological effects of providing personal care to a partner: a multidimensional perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hansen ◽  
Britt Slagsvold
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Education And Employment

The expected increasing demand for informal care in aging societies underscores the importance of understanding the psychological implications of caregiving. This study explores the effect of providing regular help with personal care to a partner on different aspects of psychological well-being. We use cross-sectional data from the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing and Generation study (n. ~15,000; age 40-84) and two-wave panel data from the Norwegian study on Life Course, Ageing and Generation (n. ~3000; age 40-84). To separate the effects of providing care from those of the partner’s disability, caregivers are contrasted with non-caregivers with both disabled and nondisabled partners. We separate outcomes into cognitive well-being (life satisfaction), psychological functioning (self-esteem, mastery), and affective well-being (happiness, depression, loneliness). Findings show that caregiving has important cross-sectional and longitudinal detrimental psychological effects. These effects are fairly consistent across all aspects of well-being, demonstrating that caregiving has a broad-based negative impact. Among women, however, these effects are similar to if not weaker than the effects of a partner’s disability. Caregiving effects are constant by age, education, and employment status, but stronger among caregivers with health problems. Providing personal care to a partner is associated with marked adverse psychological effects for men and women irrespective of age and socio-economic status. Hence, no socio-demographic group is immune from caregiving stress, so programs should be targeted generally. The results also suggest that the health needs of caregivers demand more attention.

scholarly journals Migration and the Transition to Adulthood in Contemporary Malawi

2013 ◽  
Vol 648 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Beegle ◽  
Michelle Poulin
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates the relationship among major life events, household characteristics, and migration among adolescents and young adults in contemporary Malawi. Two main questions are investigated: What are the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of migration? and How do schooling, first marriage, and work relate to migration patterns? The study uses panel data collected from a survey designed specifically to explore socioeconomic and demographic aspects of youths’ transitions to adulthood. Respondents were tracked when they moved. Moves are not uncommon, and the predominant reasons for moves are noneconomic. Although historically ethnic traditions in this area have held that girls and women usually do not move upon marrying, young women are now more likely to move than young men, with marriage being a main reason for doing so. Closer ties to the head of the household are associated with less movement for both women and men.

scholarly journals Intersections of Adolescent Well-Being: School, Work, and Weight Status in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652098554
Author(s):  
Letícia J. Marteleto ◽  
Molly Dondero ◽  
Jennifer Van Hook ◽  
Luiz C. D. Gama ◽  
Rachel Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Work ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Nationally Representative

Socioeconomic and health disadvantages can emerge early in the life course, making adolescence a key period to examine the association between socioeconomic status and health. Past research on obesity in adolescence has focused on family measures of socioeconomic status, overlooking the role of individual-level nascent indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage. Using measured height and weight from nationally representative data from Brazil, we estimate sibling fixed effects models to examine the independent effects of nascent socioeconomic characteristics—school enrollment and work status—on adolescent overweight and obesity, accounting for unobserved genetic and environmental factors shared by siblings. Results show that school enrollment is associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity. Working is not significantly associated with overweight/obesity risk. However, adolescents not enrolled but working face the highest risk of overweight/obesity. Findings suggest that adolescents face added layers of disadvantage from being out of school, with important implications for the accumulation of health disadvantages.

scholarly journals Changing Attitudes Towards Gender Equality in Switzerland (2000–2017): Period, Cohort and Life-Course Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-585
Author(s):  
Christina Bornatici ◽  
Jacques-Antoine Gauthier ◽  
Jean-Marie Le Goff
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Household Panel Data

AbstractThis paper investigates trends in Swiss women’s and men’s gender attitudes in the period 2000–2017 using the Swiss Household Panel data. Based on pooled OLS and fixed-effects models, we establish the following for women and men: (1) over this time period, attitudes towards gender roles become more egalitarian, while attitudes towards gender equality achievement remain stable; (2) the youngest cohort unexpectedly holds more traditional attitudes; and (3) individual attitudes change over the life course based on life events and the attitudes of one’s partner.

Parental Health and Children's Economic Well-Being

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Wagmiller ◽  
Mary Clare Lennon ◽  
Li Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Parental Health ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Children’S Exposure ◽  
Economic Well Being ◽  
Economic Experiences

The life course perspective emphasizes that past economic experiences and stage in the life course influence a family's ability to cope with negative life events such as poor health. However, traditional analytic approaches are not well-suited to examine how the impact of negative life events differs based on a family's past economic experiences, nor do they typically account for the potentially spurious association between negative life events and family economic well-being. We use finite mixture modeling to examine how changes in parental health affect children's exposure to poverty. We find that for some children the association between family head's health and children's exposure to poverty is spurious, while for other children family head's poor health is associated with increased risk of economic deprivation. The extent to which a family head's poor health alters children's economic well-being depends on a child's family's underlying economic trajectory and past history of exposure to disadvantage.

scholarly journals Public Childcare Expansion and Changing Gender Ideologies of Parents in Germany

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundula Zoch ◽  
Pia S. Schober
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
West Germany ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Life Course

This study investigates whether the expansion of public childcare in Germany has been associated with an individual-level change in parents’ gender ideologies. We extend the literature by developing and testing a theoretical framework of the short-term impact of family policy institutions on attitude change over the life course. The analysis links the German Family Panel pair-fam (2008 to 2015) with administrative records on childcare provision at county-level and applies fixed-effects panel models. Our findings show that the childcare expansion has been associated with moderate changes towards less traditional gender ideologies only among mothers in West Germany and mostly so among mothers without a college degree. Surprisingly, in East Germany, we found tentative evidence of more traditional gender ideologies among mothers without a college degree as the childcare reform unfolded. The results provide evidence that policy reforms may alter gender ideologies also in the short-term over the life course.

scholarly journals Context in Continuity: The Enduring Legacy of Neighborhood Disadvantage Across Generations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Elias Alvarado ◽  
Alexandra Cooperstock
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽  
Neighborhood Association ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Adult Exposure ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Neighborhoods may contribute to the maintenance of inequality in well-being across generations. We use 35 years of restricted geo-coded NLSY 1979 and NLSY Children and Young Adults data to estimate the association between multigenerational exposure to childhood neighborhood disadvantage and subsequent adult exposure. Invoking cousin fixed effects models that adjust for unobserved legacies of disadvantage that cascade across generations, we find that families where both parents and their children are exposed to childhood neighborhood disadvantage are likely to pass on the legacy of neighborhood disadvantage to successive generations, net of observed and unobserved confounders. Second, we find a direct intergenerational neighborhood association, net of observed and unobserved confounders. Third, we find that unobserved confounders nested in previous generations explain away the intragenerational neighborhood association. These findings reorient neighborhood theory to more seriously attend to the interdependence of neighborhood level and individual level antecedents of inequality across generations.

Transitioning Into Adulthood

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Schneider ◽  
Christopher Klager ◽  
I-Chien Chen ◽  
Jason Burns
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
The Social

The transition to adulthood is not easily marked by specific life events such as completing school, getting married, or having children. Variations in timing and the economic and social pressures associated with the traditional signs of adulthood make young people’s decisions about their futures complex and uncertain. Experiences vary by gender, race, and ethnicity and by social, economic, family, and community resources. Rather than trying to define what adulthood is, institutions such as school and colleges should focus on customizing programs to meet the unique needs of specific populations. Better support systems should focus on the social and emotional needs of young people, to help them plan and execute a successful life course. Promising programs should be studied with more attention to the science of implementation and improvement.

What is first? Stressful life events, negative well-being or sickness absenteeism?

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. van Vuuren ◽  
S. van der Heuvel ◽  
S. Andriessen ◽  
P. Smulders ◽  
P. Bongers
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Sickness Absenteeism
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