scholarly journals Intersections of Adolescent Well-Being: School, Work, and Weight Status in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652098554
Author(s):  
Letícia J. Marteleto ◽  
Molly Dondero ◽  
Jennifer Van Hook ◽  
Luiz C. D. Gama ◽  
Rachel Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Work ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Nationally Representative

Socioeconomic and health disadvantages can emerge early in the life course, making adolescence a key period to examine the association between socioeconomic status and health. Past research on obesity in adolescence has focused on family measures of socioeconomic status, overlooking the role of individual-level nascent indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage. Using measured height and weight from nationally representative data from Brazil, we estimate sibling fixed effects models to examine the independent effects of nascent socioeconomic characteristics—school enrollment and work status—on adolescent overweight and obesity, accounting for unobserved genetic and environmental factors shared by siblings. Results show that school enrollment is associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity. Working is not significantly associated with overweight/obesity risk. However, adolescents not enrolled but working face the highest risk of overweight/obesity. Findings suggest that adolescents face added layers of disadvantage from being out of school, with important implications for the accumulation of health disadvantages.

scholarly journals Workplace exercise programmes – how organizational factors influence employee participation

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Anna Little ◽  
Russell Wordsworth ◽  
Sanna Malinen
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Leadership Support

Purpose Past research identifies many positive outcomes associated with workplace exercise initiatives. Realizing these outcomes is, however, dependent on securing sustained employee participation in the initiative. This study examines how organizational factors influence employee participation in workplace exercise initiatives. Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes data from 98 employees who were provided with the opportunity to participate in a workplace exercise initiative. Data were collected via an online survey as well as semi-structured interviews. Findings The paper shows that organizational, rather than individual-level, factors had the greatest impact on employee participation in workplace exercise initiatives. Leadership support for well-being was particularly important and had a significant effect on participation frequency. This relationship was moderated by employee perceptions of employer intentions, such that the more genuine and caring an employer’s intentions were perceived to be, the more likely employees were to participate. Our findings also show that perceived employer intentions have a significant direct effect on employee participation. Research implications We extend research on employee participation in well-being initiatives by considering the influence of organizational, rather than individual-level, factors. Practical implications This research is of practical significance as it highlights the importance of positive leadership in fostering physical well-being in the workplace. It reinforces that sustained participation in workplace exercise initiatives requires deliberate planning, promotion and support from organizational leaders. Originality/value Most studies of workplace exercise and well-being initiatives focus on individual barriers to participation. Our study highlights the important role of leadership support and perceived intentions as organizational influences on employee participation.

Life Course Events and Migration in the Transition to Adulthood

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Horowitz ◽  
Barbara Entwisle
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Do life course events stimulate migration during the transition to adulthood? We identify nine specific life events in the family, education, and employment domains and test whether they lead to migration in the short term, using fixed-effects models that remove the influence of all stable individual-level characteristics and controlling for age. Marital and school completion events have substantively large effects on migration compared with individual work transitions, although there are more of the latter over the young adult years. Furthermore, young adults who are white and from higher class backgrounds are more likely to migrate in response to life events, suggesting that migration may be a mechanism for the reproduction of status attainment. Overall, the results demonstrate a close relationship between life course events and migration and suggest a potential role for migration in explaining the effect of life course events on well-being and behavior.

scholarly journals Even Conservative voters prefer the environment to be at the heart of post-COVID-19 economic reconstruction in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Kenward ◽  
Cameron Brick
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Environmental Focus ◽  
The Uk

In 2019, the environment began to rival the economy among priority issues for the UK public. The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to shift this balance in either direction, because the crisis is not only causing serious economic damage but is also highlighting the usefulness of expert warnings. The current work examines the current balance between public prioritisation of environment and economy in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. A nationally representative YouGov sample of 1654 UK adults were presented with two political speeches, one linking COVID-19 to climate and prioritising environment as part of planned economic recovery, and another speech separating the issues and stating that environmental prioritisation is now unaffordable. Most participants (62%) were positive towards the environmental prioritisation speech, and it was more popular than the other speech. The same results were even found in Conservative voters. Preferring the environmental prioritisation speech was associated with more education but not with socioeconomic status (using social grade as an indicator). Voting history and socioeconomic status were therefore less predictive of speech preference than expected based on previous research. Consistent with these results is the suggestion that environmental concern in the UK is becoming less tied to social identity and more tied to concern for personal well-being. These findings suggest that foregrounding environmental concerns is politically realistic in post-COVID-19 economic policy, consistent with suggestions from economists and environmental scientists that an environmental focus is feasible and necessary.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status, remoteness and tracking of nutritional status from childhood to adulthood in an Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort: the ABC study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e033631
Author(s):  
Pauline Sjöholm ◽  
Katja Pahkala ◽  
Belinda Davison ◽  
Markus Juonala ◽  
Gurmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Maternal Bmi

ObjectivesTo determine prevalences of underweight and overweight as well as low and high waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in three prospective follow-ups and to explore tracking of these measures of nutritional status from childhood to adolescence and adulthood. The influence of socioeconomic status, remoteness, maternal body mass index (BMI) and birth weight on weight status was assessed.DesignLongitudinal birth cohort study of Indigenous Australians.SettingData derived from three follow-ups of the Aboriginal Birth Cohort study with mean ages of 11.4, 18.2 and 25.4 years for the participants.ParticipantsOf the 686 Indigenous babies recruited to the study between 1987 and 1990, 315 had anthropometric measurements for all three follow-ups and were included in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBMI categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity),WHtR categories (low and high), sex, areal socioeconomic disadvantage as defined by the Indigenous Relative Socioeconomic Outcomes index, urban/remote residence, maternal BMI and birth weight. Logistic regression was used to calculate ORs for belonging to a certain BMI category in adolescence and adulthood according to BMI category in childhood and adolescence.ResultsUnderweight was common (38% in childhood and 24% in adulthood) and the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased with age (12% in childhood and 35% in adulthood). Both extremes of weight status as well as low and high WHtR tracked from childhood to adulthood. Underweight was more common and overweight was less common in remote and more disadvantaged areas. Birth weight and maternal BMI were associated with later weight status. There were significant sex differences for prevalences and tracking of WHtR but not for BMI.ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors, remoteness and gender must be addressed when assessing nutrition-related issues in the Indigenous communities due to the variation in nutritional status and its behaviour over time within the Indigenous population.

scholarly journals Occupational Inflexibility and Women's Employment During the Transition to Parenthood

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ishizuka ◽  
Kelly Musick
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Employment Decisions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract The typical U.S. workplace has adapted little to changes in the family and remains bound to norms of a workweek of 40 or more hours. How jobs are structured and remunerated within occupations shapes gender inequality in the labor market, and this may be particularly true at the critical juncture of parenthood. This study provides novel evidence showing how the inflexibility of occupational work hours shapes new mothers' employment. We use a fixed-effects approach and individual-level data from nationally representative panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (N = 2,239 women) merged with occupational characteristics from the American Community Survey. We find that women in pre-birth occupations with higher shares working 40 or more hours per week and higher wage premiums to longer work hours are significantly less likely to be employed post-birth. These associations are small in magnitude and not statistically significant for men, and placebo regressions with childless women show no associations between occupational inflexibility and subsequent employment. Results illustrate how individual employment decisions are jointly constrained by the structure of the labor market and persistent gendered cultural norms about breadwinning and caregiving.

scholarly journals Relationship between socioeconomic status and risk of sexually transmitted infections in Uganda: Multilevel analysis of a nationally representative survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Anguzu ◽  
Andrew Flynn ◽  
Joseph Musaazi ◽  
Ronnie Kasirye ◽  
Leonard K Atuhaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Nationally Representative

Socioeconomic status (SES) appears to have positive and negative associations with sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk in resource-limited settings, but few studies have evaluated nationally representative data. We assessed multiple SES measures and their effect on STI risk. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS 2011). The primary outcome (STI risk) was self-reported STIs and/or symptoms in the prior 12 months. We examined associations between multiple SES measures and STI risk using a mixed-effects Poisson regression model. The results showed that of the 9256 sexually active individuals, 7428 women and 1828 men were included in the analysis. At an individual level, middle wealth quintile and disposable income were associated with STI risk, whereas being in the richest wealth quintile was protective. Residence in wealthier regions (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 3.92, 3.62, and 2.75, for Central, Western, and Eastern regions; p < 0.01) was associated with increased STI risk. Regional level analysis revealed stochastic variability of STI risk across geographical region (variance 0.03; p = 0.01). The bilateral association between SES and STI risk underscores the need for multi-sectoral interventions to address the upstream effects of poverty on STI risk and downstream effects of STIs on health and economic productivity.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status and misperception of body mass index among Mexican adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Arantxa Colchero ◽  
Yanink Caro-Vega ◽  
Martha Kaufer-Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Weight Perception ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Correct Result ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Multinomial Regression

Objective. To estimate the association between perceived body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic variables in adults in Mexico. Materials and methods. We studied 32 052 adults from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Sur­vey of 2006. We estimated BMI misperception by comparing the respondent’s weight perception (as categories of BMI) with the corresponding category according to measured weight and height. Misperception was defined as respondent’s perception of a BMI category different from their actual cat­egory. Socioeconomic status was assessed using household assets. Logistic and multinomial regression models by gender and BMI category were estimated. Results. Adult women and men highly underestimate their BMI category. We found that the probability of a correct classification was lower than the probability of getting a correct result by chance alone. Bet­ter educated and more affluent individuals are more likely to have a correct perception of their weight status, particularly among overweight adults. Conclusions. Given that a correct perception of weight has been associated with an increased search of weight control and that our results show that the studied population underestimated their BMI, interventions providing definitions and consequences of overweight and obesity and encouraging the population to monitor their weight could be beneficial.

scholarly journals Change in time spent visiting and experiences of green space following restrictions on movement during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationally representative cross-sectional study of UK adults

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e044067
Author(s):  
Hannah Burnett ◽  
Jonathan R Olsen ◽  
Natalie Nicholls ◽  
Richard Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesGreen space positively influences health and well-being; however, inequalities in use of green space are prevalent. Movement restrictions enforced due to the COVID-19 pandemic could have exacerbated existing inequalities regarding who visits green space. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how movement restrictions have changed the time spent visiting green space and experience of green space in the United Kingdom (UK) and how these differed by individual-level demographic characteristics.Design and outcome measuresA nationally representative cross-sectional survey administered through YouGov between 30 April and 1 May 2020. Data were collected on the time spent visiting green space and change in the experience of green space, including missing social interaction, increased physical activity and feeling greater mental health benefits in green space. Demographic information was collected on sex, age, ethnicity, social grade and dog ownership. Associations between specific outcome variables and predictors were assessed using logistic regression.SettingUK, with population weights applied.Participants2252 adults aged 18 years and over.ResultsOverall, 63% of respondents reported a decrease in time spent visiting green space following movement restrictions. Lower social grade respondents were less likely to visit green space before and after restrictions were enforced (OR: 0.35 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.51); OR: 0.77 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95)). Female respondents were more likely than male respondents to agree that green space benefited their mental health more following restrictions (PP: 0.70 vs 0.59). Older (65+ years) respondents were less likely than middle-aged (25–64 years) respondents to have visited green space following the restrictions (OR: 0.79 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.98)).ConclusionsInequalities in green space use were sustained, and possibly exacerbated, during movement restrictions. Our findings emphasise the importance of green spaces remaining open globally in any future ‘lockdowns’/pandemics. Further investigation is required to determine how visit patterns and experiences change through the different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.

scholarly journals Dietary and Activity Factors Influence Poor Sleep and the Sleep-Obesity Nexus among Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Morrissey ◽  
Steven Allender ◽  
Claudia Strugnell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Behavioral Factors

Background: Behavioral factors such as physical activity, sedentary behavior and diet have previously been found to be key modifiable determinants of childhood overweight and obesity, yet require further investigation to provide an understanding of their potential influence on sleep outcomes along with the sleep-obesity nexus. Methods: The study included 2253 students (ages 8.8–13.5) from two monitoring studies across regional Victoria. Students completed a self-report electronic questionnaire on demographic characteristics, health behaviors (including sleep, physical activity, screen time and diet) and well-being, and were invited to have anthropometric measurements (height and weight) taken. Regression models were used to assess the associations between sleep, behavioral factors and BMI z-scores. Results: Screen time (particularly in bed) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption were shown to increase the likelihood of having more than three sleep problems, while physical activity and other dietary factors were not. After controlling for these behaviors, significance remained for having two or more than three sleep problems and an increased odds of overweight/obesity. Conclusions: This study highlights how the usage of screen devices and SSB consumption behaviors might influence children’s weight status via the sleep-obesity nexus.

scholarly journals Can the Healthy Primary School of the Future offer perspective in the ongoing obesity epidemic in young children? A Dutch quasi-experimental study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e030676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina H M Bartelink ◽  
Patricia van Assema ◽  
Stef P J Kremers ◽  
Hans H C M Savelberg ◽  
Marije Oosterhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Future ◽  
Quasi Experimental

ObjectivesSchools play an important role in promoting healthy behaviours in children and can offer perspective in the ongoing obesity epidemic. The ‘Healthy Primary School of the Future’ (HPSF) aims to improve children’s health and well-being by enhancing school health promotion. The current study aims to assess the effect of HPSF on children’s body mass index (BMI) z-score after 1 and 2 years follow-up and to investigate whether HPSF has different effects within specific subgroups of children.DesignA longitudinal quasi-experimental design.SettingFour intervention and four control schools participated; located in a low socioeconomic status region in the Netherlands.Participants1676 children (aged 4–12 years).InterventionsHPSF uses a contextual systems approach and includes health-promoting changes in the school. Central to HPSF is the provision of a daily healthy lunch and structured physical activity sessions each day. Two intervention schools implemented both changes (full HPSF), two intervention schools implemented only the physical activity change (partial HPSF).Main outcome measuresBMI z-score, determined by measurements of children’s height and weight at baseline, after 1 and 2 years follow-up.ResultsThe intervention effect was significant after 1-year follow-up in the partial HPSF (standardised effect size (ES)=−0.05), not significant in the full HPSF (ES=−0.04). After 2 years follow-up, BMI z-score had significantly decreased in children of both the full HPSF (ES=−0.08) and the partial HPSF (ES=−0.07) compared with children of the control schools, whose mean BMI z-score increased from baseline to 2 years. None of the potential effect modifiers (gender, baseline study year, socioeconomic status and baseline weight status) were significant.ConclusionsHPSF was effective after 1 and 2 years follow-up in lowering children’s BMI z-scores. No specific subgroups of children could be identified who benefitted more from the intervention.Trial registration numberNCT02800616.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document