Cyber-Routines, Political Attitudes, and Exposure to Violence-Advocating Online Extremism

Social Forces ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hawdon ◽  
Colin Bernatzky ◽  
Matthew Costello
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media

AbstractThe Internet’s relatively unfettered transmission of information risks exposing individuals to extremist content. Using online survey data (N = 768) of American youth and young adults, we examine factors that bring individuals into contact with online material advocating violence. Combining aspects of social structure-social learning theory with insights from routine activity theory, we find that exposure to violence-advocating materials is positively correlated with online behaviors, including the use of social media platforms and the virtual spaces individuals frequent. Target antagonism is also correlated with exposure to violence-advocating materials, but guardianship and online and offline associations are not. Finally, feelings of dissatisfaction with major social institutions and economic disengagement are associated with exposure to violent materials online.

The Enthymemes of Supporting President Trump: Explaining the Association Between Structural Location, Supporting the President, and Agreeing With Online Extremism

2020 ◽  
pp. 089443932090576
Author(s):  
James Hawdon ◽  
Matthew Costello ◽  
Colin Bernatzky ◽  
Salvatore J. Restifo
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Do So

Does hateful rhetoric appeal to supporters of President Trump? Prior studies link sexism, racism, Islamophobia, anti-immigrant sentiment, and intolerant forms of Christianity to supporting or voting for President Trump. We extend this literature by examining whether individuals who approve of President Trump’s job performance are more accepting of the hateful rhetoric and imagery they encounter online. We do so using online survey data ( N = 465) of youth and young adults collected in December 2017. Building on previous theoretical explanations of participating in online hate that utilize routine activity theory and social learning–social structure theory, we argue that support for President Trump is a result of the “politics of status,” and support for the President thus represents an enthymeme. Our key finding is that agreement with online hate material is indeed positively associated with support for the President. Additionally, we find that one’s differential location in the social structure, online and off-line social bonds, and attitudes toward norm violations are associated with agreement with online extremist content.

Confronting Online Extremism

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Costello ◽  
James Hawdon ◽  
Thomas N. Ratliff
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

Who is likely to be a target of online hate and extremism? To answer this question, we use an online survey ( N = 963) of youth and young adults recruited from a demographically balanced sample of Americans. Adapting routine activity theory, we distinguish between actor-initiated social control (i.e., self-help), other-initiated social control (i.e., collective efficacy), and guardianship and show how self-help is positively related to the likelihood of being targeted by hate. Our findings highlight how online exposure to hate materials, target suitability, and enacting social control online all influence being the target of hate. Using social networking sites and encountering hate material online have a particularly strong relationship with being targeted with victim suitability (e.g., discussing private matters online, participating in hate online) and confronting hate also influencing the likelihood of being the target of hate speech.

scholarly journals Journalists’ Use of Social Media to Infer Public Opinion: The citizens’ perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dubois ◽  
Anatoliy Gruzd ◽  
Jenna Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Media Analytics ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Journalistic Practice ◽  
Media Data

Journalists increasingly use social media data to infer and report public opinion by quoting social media posts, identifying trending topics, and reporting general sentiment. In contrast to traditional approaches of inferring public opinion, citizens are often unaware of how their publicly available social media data is being used and how public opinion is constructed using social media analytics. In this exploratory study based on a census-weighted online survey of Canadian adults (N=1,500), we examine citizens’ perceptions of journalistic use of social media data. We demonstrate that: (1) people find it more appropriate for journalists to use aggregate social media data rather than personally identifiable data; (2) people who use more social media are more likely to positively perceive journalistic use of social media data to infer public opinion; and (3) the frequency of political posting is positively related to acceptance of this emerging journalistic practice, which suggests some citizens want to be heard publicly on social media while others do not. We provide recommendations for journalists on the ethical use of social media data and social media platforms on opt-in functionality.

scholarly journals Lawyers Response to COVID-19 Infodemic on Social Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibran Jamshed
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Information Use ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media

<p><b>Objectives</b>: The primary objective of this study is to examine and analyze the skills and practices of lawyers in response to the misinformation/Infodemic of COVID-19 on Social Media platforms.</p> <p><b>Research Methodology</b>: In this quantitative study an online survey was conducted among lawyers in Pakistan. The population of the study was made up of practicing lawyers from different District Bar Associations in Pakistan. A questionnaire was distributed to collect data regarding demographic information, use of social media, response to misinformation about COVID-19 on social media and to identify the methods employed by lawyers to check the authenticity of such information. Collected data were first analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS V 23) and then presented in frequency, mean, percentage, and standard deviation.</p> <p><b>Findings</b>: The study revealed that the majority of lawyers use social media platforms. It shows that the most popular social media platforms among the lawyers are Facebook and WhatsApp. The outcome shows that lawyers encounter fake stories about COVID-19. Critical thinking, comparison, and cross-checking are among the most commonly used techniques employed by the lawyers to check the authenticity of any information about the COVID-19 on social media. It also revealed that most of the time they share such news after checking its authenticity but sometimes they share it without confirming it.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of Rose All Day Instagram Sales Promotion Message And Endorsement By Beauty Influencer on Followers Buying Intention

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-231
Author(s):  
Jessica Aisyah Larasati ◽  
Daniel Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Elaboration Likelihood ◽  
The Social ◽  
Likelihood Model ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Promotional Messages

This research was conducted due to the widespread use of social media as a marketing tool in Indonesia. This phenomenon has led to a social media marketing strategy through Instagram, one of the social media platforms used by a local cosmetic company called Rose All Day Cosmetics. This study aimed to determine the effect of the attractiveness of sales promotion messages on Rose All Day Cosmetics' Instagram account and endorsement by beauty influencers on followers' buying intention. The theories used in this research were the Elaboration Likelihood Model, the attractiveness of promotional messages, endorsement, and purchase interest theory. This research was quantitative explanative research through an online survey distributed using the direct message feature on Instagram to 398 respondents previously determined by the Yamane formula. The data obtained were tested with multiple linear regression. The findings indicated that each variable significantly influences the followers' buying intention partially or simultaneously, with a simultaneous effect of as much as 51,3% impact degree. The company must continue to follow the development of influencers, especially in the realm of micro-influencers

scholarly journals Journalists’ Use of Social Media to Infer Public Opinion: The Citizens’ Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dubois ◽  
Anatoliy Gruzd ◽  
Jenna Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Media Analytics ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Journalistic Practice ◽  
Media Data

Journalists increasingly use social media data to infer and report public opinion by quoting social media posts, identifying trending topics, and reporting general sentiment. In contrast to traditional approaches of inferring public opinion, citizens are often unaware of how their publicly available social media data are being used and how public opinion is constructed using social media analytics. In this exploratory study based on a census-weighted online survey of Canadian adults ( N = 1,500), we examine citizens’ perceptions of journalistic use of social media data. We demonstrate that (1) people find it more appropriate for journalists to use aggregate social media data rather than personally identifiable data, (2) people who use more social media are more likely to positively perceive journalistic use of social media data to infer public opinion, and (3) the frequency of political posting is positively related to acceptance of this emerging journalistic practice, which suggests some citizens want to be heard publicly on social media while others do not. We provide recommendations for journalists on the ethical use of social media data and social media platforms on opt-in functionality.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Social Media Approaches to Recruiting Young Adult Cigarillo Smokers: Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/12619 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e12619 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cavallo ◽  
Rock Lim ◽  
Karen Ishler ◽  
Maria Pagano ◽  
Rachel Perovsek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Recruitment ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background The prevalence of social media use among youth and young adults suggests it is an appropriate platform for study recruitment from this population. Previous studies have examined the use of social media for recruitment, but few have compared platforms, and none, to our knowledge, have attempted to recruit cigarillo users. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of different social media platforms and advertisement images for recruiting cigarillo users aged 14-28 years to complete a cigarillo use survey. Methods We obtained objective data for advertisement impressions for a 39-week social media recruitment campaign. Advertisements were targeted to users based on their age, geography, and interests. Effectiveness was defined as the percentage of approved surveys per advertising impression. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the effectiveness of different advertisement images and platforms. Results Valid survey completers (n=1089) were predominately older (25-28 years old, n=839, 77%). Of the 1089 survey completers, 568 (52%) identified as male, 335 (31%) as African American, and 196 (18%) as Hispanic. Advertisements delivered via Facebook/Instagram were more effective than Twitter; 311/1,027,738 (0.03%) vs 661/2,998,715 (0.02%); χ21=21.45, N=4,026,453); P<.001. Across platforms, ads featuring exclusively an image of cigarillos were more effective (397/682,994, 0.06%) than ads with images of individuals smoking (254/1,308,675, 0.02%), individuals not smoking (239/1,393,134, .02%), and groups not smoking (82/641,650, 0.01%); χ23133.73, N=4,026,453; P<.001. Conclusions The campaign was effective in recruiting a diverse sample representative of relevant racial/ethnic categories. Advertisements on Facebook were more effective than Twitter. Advertisements that featured an image of a cigarillo were consistently the most effective and should be considered by others recruiting cigarillo users via social media.

Journalists’ Use of Social Media to Infer Public Opinion: The citizens’ perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dubois ◽  
Anatoliy Gruzd ◽  
Jenna Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Media Analytics ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Journalistic Practice ◽  
Media Data

Journalists increasingly use social media data to infer and report public opinion by quoting social media posts, identifying trending topics, and reporting general sentiment. In contrast to traditional approaches of inferring public opinion, citizens are often unaware of how their publicly available social media data is being used and how public opinion is constructed using social media analytics. In this exploratory study based on a census-weighted online survey of Canadian adults (N=1,500), we examine citizens’ perceptions of journalistic use of social media data. We demonstrate that: (1) people find it more appropriate for journalists to use aggregate social media data rather than personally identifiable data; (2) people who use more social media are more likely to positively perceive journalistic use of social media data to infer public opinion; and (3) the frequency of political posting is positively related to acceptance of this emerging journalistic practice, which suggests some citizens want to be heard publicly on social media while others do not. We provide recommendations for journalists on the ethical use of social media data and social media platforms on opt-in functionality.

Every Task its Tool, Every Tool its Task: Social Media Use in Canadian Non-Profit Organizations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Rathi ◽  
Lisa Given ◽  
Eric Forcier ◽  
Sarah Vela
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Médias Sociaux ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Medias Sociaux ◽  
Insight Into

This paper presents emerging results of a national online survey of Canadian Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) on their perception and use of social media, and their role for the purpose of Knowledge Management (KM). Based on results from the first 320 respondents spanning across local and provincial boundaries, these findings provide insight into what social media platforms are preferred by these organizations, what tasks they are used for and the tasks for which these tools are considered most effective.Cet article présente les résultats d’une enquête nationale effectuée en ligne auprès des organismes canadiens sans but lucratif (OSBL), les interrogeant sur leur compréhension et leur utilisation des médias sociaux, et le rôle de ceux-ci dans la gestion des connaissances. Sur la base des données obtenues auprès des 320 premiers répondants, se situant par-delà les frontières locales et provinciales, ces résultats permettent de comprendre quelles sont les plates-formes de médias sociaux préférées par ces OSBL, pour quelles tâches elles sont utilisées et pour quelles tâches ces outils sont considérés comme les plus efficaces.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Social Media Approaches to Recruiting Young Adult Cigarillo Smokers: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cavallo ◽  
Rock Lim ◽  
Karen Ishler ◽  
Maria Pagano ◽  
Rachel Perovsek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Recruitment ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Racial Ethnic

BACKGROUND The prevalence of social media use among youth and young adults suggests it is an appropriate platform for study recruitment from this population. Previous studies have examined the use of social media for recruitment, but few have compared platforms, and none, to our knowledge, have attempted to recruit cigarillo users. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of different social media platforms and advertisement images for recruiting cigarillo users aged 14-28 years to complete a cigarillo use survey. METHODS We obtained objective data for advertisement impressions for a 39-week social media recruitment campaign. Advertisements were targeted to users based on their age, geography, and interests. Effectiveness was defined as the percentage of approved surveys per advertising impression. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the effectiveness of different advertisement images and platforms. RESULTS Valid survey completers (n=1089) were predominately older (25-28 years old, n=839, 77%). Of the 1089 survey completers, 568 (52%) identified as male, 335 (31%) as African American, and 196 (18%) as Hispanic. Advertisements delivered via Facebook/Instagram were more effective than Twitter; 311/1,027,738 (0.03%) vs 661/2,998,715 (0.02%); <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub>=21.45, N=4,026,453); <i>P</i>&lt;.001. Across platforms, ads featuring exclusively an image of cigarillos were more effective (397/682,994, 0.06%) than ads with images of individuals smoking (254/1,308,675, 0.02%), individuals not smoking (239/1,393,134, .02%), and groups not smoking (82/641,650, 0.01%); <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup><sub>3</sub>133.73, N=4,026,453; <i>P</i>&lt;.001. CONCLUSIONS The campaign was effective in recruiting a diverse sample representative of relevant racial/ethnic categories. Advertisements on Facebook were more effective than Twitter. Advertisements that featured an image of a cigarillo were consistently the most effective and should be considered by others recruiting cigarillo users via social media.

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