Positive Effect of Single-Dose Measles Vaccination in Reducing the Incidence of Pneumonia in Children with Measles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafer Bağcı ◽  
Yunis Yusuf Daki
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Aim Measles is a worldwide common, highly infectious and vaccine-preventable contagious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. We investigated the effects of administering single-dose measles vaccination in children with measles on the incidence of pneumonia and hospitalization. Materials and methods We retrospectively analysed the hospital records of children aged 0–18 years who were diagnosed with measles within a year before the study in a training and research hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. We compared the measles vaccine ratios, hospitalization rates, hospitalization duration and pneumonia development rates. Results We found that 34 (15.6%) patients had received measles vaccination, while 184 (84.4%) did not receive the vaccination. All the vaccinated patients received only a single dose of the vaccine. The proportion of those who had received pneumonia vaccine (14/34, 41.2%) was significantly lower than that of those who had never received a dose of measles containing vaccine (179/184, 97.3%) (p = 0.001). Moreover, patients who were immunized [n = 3 (3.1%)] had a significantly lower hospitalization rate than those who were not immunized [n = 94 (96.9%)] (p = 0.001). Conclusion The risk of pneumonia in children with measles vaccination, rate of hospitalization and length of hospital stay was significantly lower in children who had received even a single dose of the vaccine when compared with that in those who had not vaccinated. The results of this study reiterate the need for more effective global measles vaccination.

scholarly journals Gamma interferon levels among Bangladeshi children after measles vaccination

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
S Sultana ◽  
S Tabassum ◽  
A Nessa ◽  
M Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measles Vaccination

Gamma interferon (IFN-?) plays an important role in the immune response to live measles virus vaccination. To study the immune response to measles vaccination, IFN-? level was estimated in 30 children. Of these, 24 children vaccinated with a single dose of measles vaccine at nine months of age and 06 children vaccinated with a second dose during the Measles Catch-up Immunization campaign. Measles vaccine strain was cultured in Vero cell line and the Tissue Culture Infective Dose (TCID)50 was used as standard live virus. Peripheral blood Mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was separated by Ficoll- Hypaque density gradient centrifugation and stimulated with measles virus antigens and mitogens (lectin), cultured in CO2 and IFN-? level was measured from culture supernatant by ELISA. On stimulation with measles antigen and lectin respectively, IFN-? level was highest (105 pg/ml and 226.54 pg/ml) in the 109-120 months age group while it was lowest (12.97±8.16 pg/ml and 13.16±8.0 pg/ml) in the 61-72 months age group. No significant difference was observed in IFN-? level after stimulation with either measles antigen or lectin among well-nourished (p<0.8) and mal-nourished (p<0.7) children suggesting that nutritional status did not have any effect on IFN-? level. However, IFN-? level was higher in children who received two dose of measles vaccine than those who received a single dose (p<0.001).Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (3): 118-121

scholarly journals Hospitalization burden and comorbidities of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Spain during the period 2002-2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Gil-Conesa ◽  
Juan Antonio Del-Moral-Luque ◽  
Ruth Gil-Prieto ◽  
Ángel Gil-de-Miguel ◽  
Ramón Mazzuccheli-Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spanish Health ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease that is associated with multiple comorbidities and has a significant economic impact on the Spanish health system. The objective of this study was to estimate the rates of hospitalization of rheumatoid arthritis in Spain, and describing hospitalization rates and it's changing by age, region, RA variant, and when RA as a main cause of hospitalization or a comorbidity. Methods: Observational descriptive study that reviewed hospital records from the CMBD. We included all hospitalizations of patients in Spain whose main diagnosis or comorbidity in the ICD-9-CM was rheumatoid arthritis during the period of 2002-2017. Results: A total of 315,190 hospitalizations with the RA code were recorded; 67.3% were in women. The mean age of the patients was 68.5 ± 13.9 years. The median length of hospital stay was 7 days (IQR 3-11 days). In 29,809 of the admissions, RA was coded as the main diagnosis (9.4%). When RA was not coded as the main diagnosis, the most frequent main diagnoses were diseases of the circulatory system (18.9%) and diseases of the respiratory system (17.4%). The hospitalization rate during the period of 2002-2017 was 43.8 (95% CI: 43.7-44.0) per 100,000 inhabitants. The total cost for the healthcare system was 1.476 million euros, with a median of 3,542 euros per hospitalization (IQR 2,646-5,222 euros). Conclusions: In Spain, the hospitalization rate of patients with RA increased during the study period, despite the decrease in the hospitalization rate when RA was the main diagnosis.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and comorbidities of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Spain during the period 2002-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Del-Moral-Luque ◽  
Mario Gil-Conesa ◽  
Ruth Gil-Prieto ◽  
Ángel Gil-de-Miguel ◽  
Ramón Mazzuccheli-Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Spanish Health ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study ◽  
Continental Climate

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease that is associated with multiple comorbidities and has a significant economic impact on the Spanish health system. The objective of this study was to estimate the hospital burden of rheumatoid arthritis, its variants and their associated comorbidities. Methods: Observational descriptive study that reviewed hospital records from the CMBD. We included all hospitalizations of patients in Spain whose main diagnosis or comorbidity in the ICD-9-CM was rheumatoid arthritis during the period of 2002-2017. Results: A total of 315,190 hospitalizations with the RA code were recorded; 67.3% were in women. The mean age of the patients was 68.5 ± 13.9 years. The median length of hospital stay was 7 days (IQR 3-11 days). In 29,809 of the admissions, RA was coded as the main diagnosis (9.4%). When RA was not coded as the main diagnosis, the most frequent main diagnoses were diseases of the circulatory system (18.9%) and diseases of the respiratory system (17.4%). The hospitalization rate during the period of 2002-2017 was 43.8 (95% CI: 43.7-44.0) per 100,000 inhabitants. The total cost for the healthcare system was 1.476 million euros, with a median of 3,542 euros per hospitalization (IQR 2,646-5,222 euros). Conclusions: In Spain, the highest hospitalization rates for RA were registered within the continental climate region. The hospitalization rate of patients with RA increased during the study period, despite the decrease in the hospitalization rate when RA was the main diagnosis.

The association of class I HLA alleles and antibody levels after a single dose of measles vaccine

2003 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M Jacobson ◽  
Gregory A Poland ◽  
Robert A Vierkant ◽  
V.Shane Pankratz ◽  
Daniel J Schaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Class I ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Hla Alleles ◽  
Antibody Levels

Measles Immunity After Revaccination: Results in Children Vaccinated Before 10 Months of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
Calvin C. Linnemann ◽  
Mark S. Dine ◽  
Gary A. Roselle ◽  
P. Anne Askey
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
First Year Of Life

Measles immunity was studied in children in a private pediatric practice who had been revaccinated because they had received their primary measles vaccination before 1 year of age. Antibody was measured in 72 of these children who had received the first injection of live measles virus vaccine at &lt;10 months of age, and the second at &gt;1 year of age. Of the 72 children, 29 (40%) had no detectable antibody and the geometric mean titer for the group was approximately 1:4. Of the children with low antibody titers, 15 were given a third injection of measles vaccine and five (33%) still did not respond. Cell- mediated immunity as indicated by lymphocyte transformation to measles antigen was measured in 11 of the children. Five (45%) had responses to measles antigen, but the responses did not correlate with the presence or absence of antibody. This study confirms the observation that revaccination is unsuccessful in many children who received measles vaccine in the first year of life, and shows that even a third injection of vaccine may fail to produce a significant antibody response.

An Evaluation of Measles Revaccination Among School-entry-aged Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
John C. Watson ◽  
John A. Pearson ◽  
Lauri E. Markowitz ◽  
Andrew L. Baughman ◽  
Dean D. Erdman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Measles Outbreaks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vaccination Time

Background. A two dose measles vaccination schedule is recommended routinely for all schoolentry-aged children. We evaluated this recommendation by determining both measles antibody seroprevalence and the response to revaccination in seronegative children in this age group. Methods. Children 4 to 6 years of age who had received a single dose of measles vaccine between the ages of 15 to 17 months were tested for measles antibody by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microneutralization technique. Seronegative children were revaccinated and again tested for measles antibody (immunoglobulin M [IgM] and neutralizing). Results. Of 679 children tested, 37 (5.4%) were seronegative. Seronegativity was not significantly associated with age, sex, race, age at initial vaccination, time since vaccinalion, or maternal year of birth. However, children of mothers with a college degree were 12 times more likely to be seronegative than children of mothers who never attended college (P&lt; .01). Of the 37 seronegative children, 36 seroconverted after revaccination—33 producing IgM measles antibody, suggestive of a primary immune response. The cost per seroconversion would have been an estimated $415 if all 679 children had been revaccinated. Conclusions. Revaccination reduces the pool of children who are susceptible to measles. Although the cost per seroconversion is high, a two-dose schedule should reduce the substantial costs of controlling measles outbreaks by reducing the number of outbreaks.

scholarly journals Rash after measles vaccination: laboratory analysis of cases reported in São Paulo, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I Oliveira ◽  
Suely P Curti ◽  
Cristina A Figueiredo ◽  
Ana MS Afonso ◽  
Márcia Theobaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Etiological Diagnosis ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Clinical Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Rubella Vaccination

OBJECTIVE: The clinical differential diagnosis of rash due to viral infections is often difficult, and misdiagnosis is not rare, especially after the introduction of measles and rubella vaccination. A study to determine the etiological diagnosis of exanthema was carried out in a group of children after measles vaccination. METHODS: Sera collected from children with rash who received measles vaccine were reported in 1999. They were analyzed for IgM antibodies against measles virus, rubella virus, human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) using ELISA commercial techniques, and human herpes virus 6 (HHV 6) using immunofluorescence commercial technique. Viremia for each of those viruses was tested using a polimerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A total of 17 cases of children with exanthema after measles immunization were reported in 1999. The children, aged 9 to 12 months (median 10 months), had a blood sample taken for laboratory analysis. The time between vaccination and the first rash signs varied from 1 to 60 days. The serological results of those 17 children suspected of measles or rubella infection showed the following etiological diagnosis: 17.6% (3 in 17) HPV B19 infection; 76.5% (13 in 17) HHV 6 infection; 5.9% (1 in 17) rash due to measles vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: The study data indicate that infection due to HPV B19 or HHV 6 can be misdiagnosed as exanthema due to measles vaccination. Therefore, it is important to better characterize the etiology of rash in order to avoid attributing it incorrectly to measles vaccine.

scholarly journals Effects of Hurricane Katrina on Nursing Facility Resident Mortality, Hospitalization, and Functional Decline

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. S28-S32 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dosa ◽  
Zhanlian Feng ◽  
Kathy Hyer ◽  
Lisa M. Brown ◽  
Kali Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Minimum Data Set ◽  
Nursing Facility ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Minimum Data

ABSTRACTBackground: The study was designed to examine the 30- and 90-day mortality and hospitalization rates among nursing facility (NF) residents in the affected areas of Louisiana and Mississippi following Hurricane Katrina and to assess the rate of significant posthurricane functional decline.Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using Medicare claims merged with NF resident data from the Minimum Data Set. Thirty- and 90-day mortality and hospitalization rates for long-stay (>90 days) residents residing in 141 at-risk NFs during Hurricane Katrina were compared to rates for residents residing at the same facilities during the same time period in prior nonhurricane years (2003 and 2004). Functional decline was assessed as a 4+ drop in function using a 28-point Minimum Data Set Activities of Daily Living Scale.Results: There were statistically significant differences (all P < .0001) in mortality, hospitalization, and functional decline among residents exposed to Hurricane Katrina. At 30 days, the mortality rate was 3.88% among the exposed cohort compared with 2.10% and 2.28% for residents in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The 90-day mortality rate was 9.27% compared with 6.71% and 6.31%, respectively. These mortality differences translated into an additional 148 deaths at 30 days and 230 deaths at 90 days. The 30-day hospitalization rate was 9.87% compared with 7.21% and 7.53%, respectively. The 90-day hospitalization rate was 20.39% compared with 18.61% and 17.82%, respectively. Finally, the rate of significant functional decline among survivors was 6.77% compared with 5.81% in 2003 and 5.10% in 2004.Conclusions: NF residents experienced a significant increase in mortality, hospitalization, and functional decline during Hurricane Katrina.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S28-S32)

scholarly journals Vertical gastric plication versus Nissen fundoplication in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in children with cerebral palsy

2007 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Paulo Durante ◽  
Sergio Tomaz Schettini ◽  
Djalma José Fagundes
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Nissen Fundoplication ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Gastric Plication ◽  
Esophageal Ph ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Association between neurological lesions and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children is very common. When surgical treatment is indicated, the consensus favors the fundoplication technique recommended by Nissen, despite its high morbidity and relapse rates. Vertical gastric plication is a procedure that may have advantages over Nissen fundoplication, since it is less aggressive and more adequately meets anatomical principles. The authors proposed to compare the results from the Nissen and vertical gastric plication techniques. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized prospective study within the Postgraduate Surgery and Experimentation Program of Unifesp-EPM, at Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE) and Hospital Municipal Infantil Menino Jesus. METHODS: Fourteen consecutive children with cerebral palsy attended between November 2003 and July 2004 were randomized into two groups for surgical treatment of GERD: NF, Nissen fundoplication (n = 7); and VGP, vertical gastric plication (n = 7). These were clinically assessed by scoring for signs and symptoms, evaluation of esophageal pH measurements, duration of the operation, intra and postoperative complications, mortality and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 5.2 months; symptoms were reduced by 42.8% (NF) (p = 0.001) and 57.1% (VGP) (p = 0.006). The Boix-Ochoa score was favorable for both groups: NF (p < 0.001) and VGP (p < 0.042). The overall mortality was 14.28% in both groups and was due to causes unrelated to the surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: The two operative procedures were shown to be efficient and efficacious for the treatment of GERD in neuropathic patients, over the study period.

scholarly journals Timing of Development of Measles-Specific Immunoglobulin M and G after Primary Measles Vaccination

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita F. Helfand ◽  
Senait Kebede ◽  
Howard E. Gary ◽  
Hagos Beyene ◽  
William J. Bellini
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Capture

ABSTRACT A standard method for diagnosing measles is to detect measles-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the serum of infected persons. Interpreting a positive IgM result from a person with suspected measles can be difficult if the person has recently received a measles vaccine. We have previously demonstrated that measles-specific IgM may persist for at least 8 weeks after primary vaccination, but it is unknown how quickly IgM appears. This study determined the timing of the rise of measles-specific IgM and IgG after primary measles vaccination with Schwartz vaccine. Two hundred eighty 9-month-old children from Ethiopia presenting for routine measles vaccination were enrolled. Sera were collected before and either 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks after vaccination and tested for measles-specific antibodies by an IgM capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by an indirect IgG EIA. A total of 209 of the 224 children who returned for the second visit had prevaccination sera that were both IgM and IgG negative. The postvaccination IgM positivity rates for these 209 children were 2% at 1 week, 61% at 2 weeks, 79% at 3 weeks, and 60% at 4 weeks. The postvaccination IgG positivity rates were 0% at 1 week, 14% at 2 weeks, 81% at 3 weeks, and 85% at 4 weeks. We conclude that an IgM-positive result obtained by this antibody capture EIA is difficult to interpret if serum is collected between 8 days and 8 weeks after vaccination; in this situation, the diagnosis of measles should be based on an epidemiologic linkage to a confirmed case or on the detection of wild-type measles virus.

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