scholarly journals Gamma interferon levels among Bangladeshi children after measles vaccination

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
S Sultana ◽  
S Tabassum ◽  
A Nessa ◽  
M Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measles Vaccination

Gamma interferon (IFN-?) plays an important role in the immune response to live measles virus vaccination. To study the immune response to measles vaccination, IFN-? level was estimated in 30 children. Of these, 24 children vaccinated with a single dose of measles vaccine at nine months of age and 06 children vaccinated with a second dose during the Measles Catch-up Immunization campaign. Measles vaccine strain was cultured in Vero cell line and the Tissue Culture Infective Dose (TCID)50 was used as standard live virus. Peripheral blood Mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was separated by Ficoll- Hypaque density gradient centrifugation and stimulated with measles virus antigens and mitogens (lectin), cultured in CO2 and IFN-? level was measured from culture supernatant by ELISA. On stimulation with measles antigen and lectin respectively, IFN-? level was highest (105 pg/ml and 226.54 pg/ml) in the 109-120 months age group while it was lowest (12.97±8.16 pg/ml and 13.16±8.0 pg/ml) in the 61-72 months age group. No significant difference was observed in IFN-? level after stimulation with either measles antigen or lectin among well-nourished (p<0.8) and mal-nourished (p<0.7) children suggesting that nutritional status did not have any effect on IFN-? level. However, IFN-? level was higher in children who received two dose of measles vaccine than those who received a single dose (p<0.001).Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (3): 118-121

scholarly journals Antibody Responses In Bangladeshi Children Following Measles Vaccination.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
Shahina Tabassum ◽  
Afzalun Nessa ◽  
Munira Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
The Mean

Measles is a highly contagious vaccine preventable viral disease which mainly affects children. Infection with wild measles virus induces an immune response that provides life long protection. Measles has been targeted for global eradication. In Bangladesh, there is insufficient data about the antibody responses in children following measles vaccination. In the present study, the antibody response of a single dose of measles vaccine was investigated among 77 children of different age groups. The humoral immune response immunoglobin IgG (IgG) was detected by a commercial Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Among the study population, detectable antibody titer was observed in 75.3% children while 24.7% showed detectable titers. The mean antibody concentration was highest (2.75 ± 1.10 IU/ml) in the 13-24 months age group, decreased gradually with age, and was lowest (0.77 ± 0.13 IU/ml) in the 85-96 months age group. Thereafter, the mean antibody concentration gradually increased again in the 97-108 months (1.20 ± 0.13 IU/ml) and in the 109-120 months (1.45 ± 0.13 IU/ml) age groups. The mean antibody titer was statistically significant in relation to age (p<0.01) but not to gender (p<0.95). This study showed that around 25% children remained antibody negative indicating challenges ahead for eradication of measles from Bangladesh.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (1): 13-17

scholarly journals Measles vaccination: influence of age on its efficacy

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Heloísa Lopes ◽  
João Silva de Mendonça ◽  
Cláudio Sérgio Pannuti ◽  
Paul Albrecht ◽  
Maria Lúcia Neves Biancalana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Geometric Mean Titer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Protection ◽  
Group A ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Group B

The authors compare the serologic efficacy and the clinical protection afforded by three different measles vaccination schemes in adequately nourished children in São Paulo city, Brazil. Two hundred forty two children were divided into three groups. Group A, comprising 117 children who had received the vaccine before 12 months of age and a second dose at 12 months of age or more. Group B, comprising 46 children who had received only one dose, before 12 months of age. Group C, comprising 79 children who had received only one dose, at 12 months of age or more. The geometric mean titer of antibodies in Group A was 790.1; in Group B, 251.1; and in Group C, 550.3. There was no statistically significant difference between Groups A and C. The exposure to the measles virus was probably similar in all groups, and the children in Groups A and C had similar chances of acquiring the disease after vaccination whereas in Group B the chances were higher when compared to the other two groups. The results obtained in this study favor the use, in developing countries, of a vaccination program against measles that includes an early first dose at eight months of age and revaccination after 12 months of age.

scholarly journals Analysis of specific antibody and cellular immune response to first-dose measles vaccine Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) in 9-month-old infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
Teni H.R. ◽  
Wisnu Barlıanto ◽  
I Wayan Arsana Wıyasa ◽  
H.M.S. Kusuma ◽  
Tita Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Cellular Immune

Background: Measles vaccinations have been suggested to provide immune protection and decreased measles incidence. However, there was a limited study evaluating how the measles vaccine elicits specific immune responses.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate both humoral and cellular immunity to first-dose measles vaccine Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) in 9-month-old Indonesian infants.Methods: A cohort study was conducted on 9-month-old infants who got the first-dose of measles vaccine EZ. Measles-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody serum levels were measured using plaque-reduction microneutralization assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with a measles-specific peptide to identify a cellular immune response. Quantification of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells producing interferon-gamma (IFN-ɣ) and interleu-kin 17-A (IL-17A) were conducted by flow cytometry. Humoral and cellular immune response parameters were analyzed over time.Results: The prevalence of seropositivity rates was 85.8% at 1-month after vaccination and 16.67% at 6-months postvaccination. Measles-specific IgG antibodies increased significantly at 1-month after measles vaccination. However, they decreased significantly 6-months after vaccination. IFN-ɣ and IL-17A secreting T-cells increased significantly at 1-month after measles vaccination. Interestingly, a significant decrease of IFN-ɣ and IL-17A secreting CD4+ T cells was noticed 6-months postvaccination compared to IFN-ɣ and IL-17A secreting CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the first-dose measles vaccine on 9-months-old infants seems to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses that decline 6-months after vaccination. 

Measles Immunity After Revaccination: Results in Children Vaccinated Before 10 Months of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
Calvin C. Linnemann ◽  
Mark S. Dine ◽  
Gary A. Roselle ◽  
P. Anne Askey
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
First Year Of Life

Measles immunity was studied in children in a private pediatric practice who had been revaccinated because they had received their primary measles vaccination before 1 year of age. Antibody was measured in 72 of these children who had received the first injection of live measles virus vaccine at &lt;10 months of age, and the second at &gt;1 year of age. Of the 72 children, 29 (40%) had no detectable antibody and the geometric mean titer for the group was approximately 1:4. Of the children with low antibody titers, 15 were given a third injection of measles vaccine and five (33%) still did not respond. Cell- mediated immunity as indicated by lymphocyte transformation to measles antigen was measured in 11 of the children. Five (45%) had responses to measles antigen, but the responses did not correlate with the presence or absence of antibody. This study confirms the observation that revaccination is unsuccessful in many children who received measles vaccine in the first year of life, and shows that even a third injection of vaccine may fail to produce a significant antibody response.

scholarly journals Rash after measles vaccination: laboratory analysis of cases reported in São Paulo, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I Oliveira ◽  
Suely P Curti ◽  
Cristina A Figueiredo ◽  
Ana MS Afonso ◽  
Márcia Theobaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Etiological Diagnosis ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Clinical Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Rubella Vaccination

OBJECTIVE: The clinical differential diagnosis of rash due to viral infections is often difficult, and misdiagnosis is not rare, especially after the introduction of measles and rubella vaccination. A study to determine the etiological diagnosis of exanthema was carried out in a group of children after measles vaccination. METHODS: Sera collected from children with rash who received measles vaccine were reported in 1999. They were analyzed for IgM antibodies against measles virus, rubella virus, human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) using ELISA commercial techniques, and human herpes virus 6 (HHV 6) using immunofluorescence commercial technique. Viremia for each of those viruses was tested using a polimerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A total of 17 cases of children with exanthema after measles immunization were reported in 1999. The children, aged 9 to 12 months (median 10 months), had a blood sample taken for laboratory analysis. The time between vaccination and the first rash signs varied from 1 to 60 days. The serological results of those 17 children suspected of measles or rubella infection showed the following etiological diagnosis: 17.6% (3 in 17) HPV B19 infection; 76.5% (13 in 17) HHV 6 infection; 5.9% (1 in 17) rash due to measles vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: The study data indicate that infection due to HPV B19 or HHV 6 can be misdiagnosed as exanthema due to measles vaccination. Therefore, it is important to better characterize the etiology of rash in order to avoid attributing it incorrectly to measles vaccine.

scholarly journals Timing of Development of Measles-Specific Immunoglobulin M and G after Primary Measles Vaccination

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita F. Helfand ◽  
Senait Kebede ◽  
Howard E. Gary ◽  
Hagos Beyene ◽  
William J. Bellini
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Capture

ABSTRACT A standard method for diagnosing measles is to detect measles-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the serum of infected persons. Interpreting a positive IgM result from a person with suspected measles can be difficult if the person has recently received a measles vaccine. We have previously demonstrated that measles-specific IgM may persist for at least 8 weeks after primary vaccination, but it is unknown how quickly IgM appears. This study determined the timing of the rise of measles-specific IgM and IgG after primary measles vaccination with Schwartz vaccine. Two hundred eighty 9-month-old children from Ethiopia presenting for routine measles vaccination were enrolled. Sera were collected before and either 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks after vaccination and tested for measles-specific antibodies by an IgM capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by an indirect IgG EIA. A total of 209 of the 224 children who returned for the second visit had prevaccination sera that were both IgM and IgG negative. The postvaccination IgM positivity rates for these 209 children were 2% at 1 week, 61% at 2 weeks, 79% at 3 weeks, and 60% at 4 weeks. The postvaccination IgG positivity rates were 0% at 1 week, 14% at 2 weeks, 81% at 3 weeks, and 85% at 4 weeks. We conclude that an IgM-positive result obtained by this antibody capture EIA is difficult to interpret if serum is collected between 8 days and 8 weeks after vaccination; in this situation, the diagnosis of measles should be based on an epidemiologic linkage to a confirmed case or on the detection of wild-type measles virus.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Surgical Site Infection in Acute Non Perforated Appendicitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Suraj Raj Bhattarai ◽  
Kishor Kumar Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Perforated Appendicitis ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Sex

Background: Appendectomy is the most commonly performed emergency  surgical procedure and has significant morbidity of surgical site infection (SSIs). Regarding this, there are conflicting reports and dilemma on use of optimal duration of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of SSIs after three doses of perioperative prophylactic antibiot­ics (single dose before surgery and two doses postoperatively) after ap­pendectomy in acute non- perforated appendicitis (NPA). Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of General surgery, Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, from May 2018 to April 2019. All the cases received single dose of antibiotics (cef­triaxone and metronidazole) during the induction of anesthesia and two doses of the same antibiotics postoperatively within 24 hours. SSIs was assessed on 2nd and followed up till 7th postoperative day. The data col­lected was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: In the study of 100 patients, who received perioperative three doses of antibiotics, the overall frequency of SSIs on 2nd and 3rd post-operative day were 2% (p=.840) and 6% (p=.539) respectively, which was statistically not significant. In follow up after 3rd postoperative day, there was no evidence of SSIs. Statistically there was no significant difference in the incidence and grade of SSIs between age group, sex and duration of operation. Conclusions: A combined three doses of perioperative antibiotics was ad­equate for SSIs prevention in patients of any age group and sex with acute NPA after appendectomy in usual operative time.

HLA class II alleles and measles virus-specific cytokine immune response following two doses of measles vaccine

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 798-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna G. Ovsyannikova ◽  
Robert M. Jacobson ◽  
Jenna E. Ryan ◽  
Robert A. Vierkant ◽  
V. Shane Pankratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Hla Class Ii ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Hla Class Ii Alleles

scholarly journals Effect of measles vaccination in infants younger than 9 months on the immune response to subsequent measles vaccine doses: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1246-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Nic Lochlainn ◽  
Brechje de Gier ◽  
Nicoline van der Maas ◽  
Rob van Binnendijk ◽  
Peter M Strebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Measles Vaccination

scholarly journals Infection of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with different wild-type measles viruses

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 2028-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sittana El Mubarak ◽  
Selma Yüksel ◽  
Geert van Amerongen ◽  
Paul G. H. Mulder ◽  
Maowia M. Mukhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Kinetics Of

Both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques have been used as animal models for measles vaccination and immunopathogenesis studies. A number of studies have suggested that experimental measles virus (MV) infection induces more-characteristic clinical features in rhesus than in cynomolgus monkeys. In the present study, both macaque species were infected with two different wild-type MV strains and clinical, virological and immunological parameters were compared. The viruses used were a genotype C2 virus isolated in The Netherlands in 1991 (MV-Bil) and a genotype B3 virus isolated from a severe measles case in Sudan in 1997 (MV-Sudan). Following infection, all rhesus monkeys developed a skin rash and conjunctivitis, which were less obvious in cynomolgus monkeys. Fever was either mild or absent in both species. Virus reisolation profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and broncho-alveolar lavage cells and the kinetics of MV-specific IgM and IgG responses were largely identical in the two animal species. However, in animals infected with MV-Sudan, viraemia appeared earlier and lasted longer than in animals infected with MV-Bil. This was also reflected by the earlier appearance of MV-specific serum IgM antibodies after infection with MV-Sudan. Collectively, these data show that cynomolgus and rhesus macaques are equally susceptible to wild-type MV infection, although infection in the skin seems to follow a different course in rhesus macaques. MV-Sudan proved more pathogenic for non-human primates than MV-Bil, which may render it more suitable for use in future pathogenesis studies.

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