scholarly journals What Aspects of Formality Do Workers Value? Evidence from a Choice Experiment in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhaj Mahmud ◽  
Italo A Gutierrez ◽  
Krishna B Kumar ◽  
Shanthi Nataraj
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Attributes ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Average Worker ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
Government Workers

Abstract This study uses a choice experiment among 2,000 workers in Bangladesh to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) for job attributes: a contract, termination notice, working hours, paid leave, and a pension fund. Using a stated preference method allows calculation of WTP for benefits in this setting, despite the lack of data on worker transitions, and the fact that many workers are self-employed, which makes it difficult to use revealed preference methods. Workers highly value job stability: the average worker would be willing to forgo a 27 percent increase in income to obtain a one-year contract (relative to no contract), or to forgo a 12 percent increase to obtain thirty days of termination notice. There is substantial heterogeneity in WTP by type of employment and gender: women value shorter working hours more than men, while government workers place a higher value on contracts than do private-sector employees.

scholarly journals Factor Analysis of Customized Bus Attraction to Commuters with Different Travel Modes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Yongbo Lv ◽  
Jihui Ma ◽  
Yuan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Ordered Logit ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

The customized bus (CB) is an innovative and environmental supplementary mode of public transport, providing demand-responsive and user-oriented service to specific passenger groups with similar travel demands, especially commuters, based on online reservations. However, sufficient travel demand is essential for the successful operation of CB. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the attraction of CB to commuters, which is tied to the ordered mode shift decisions, do no transfer to CB, remain undecided, and transfer to CB. A combination of revealed preference (RP) survey and stated preference (SP) survey is conducted among commuters in Beijing through online and offline questionnaire, collecting 1304 valid commuting demands. The ordered logit (OL) model and two-level mixed-effect ordered logit (MEOL) model are used to estimate the variable effects and the difference in five commute modes, including car, taxi, bus, rail, bus + rail, is considered. Common variables significantly influencing the transfer decision in all groups are specified in models, including familiarity to CB, seat availability, and gender. Meanwhile, travel cost, travel time, and transfer time of the current travel mode have positive effects on the attraction of CB. In addition, car ownership and accessibility to bus stations also influence the attraction of CB to certain group commuters. This paper can provide references to CB operators for formulating differentiation strategies and attracting more passengers in Beijing.

scholarly journals ‘I just felt as though I had to drop something’: the implications of care for female working elder carers’ working lives

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-898
Author(s):  
VIV BURR ◽  
HELEN COLLEY
Keyword(s):  
Elder Care ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Working Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Training Opportunities

AbstractThis paper explores the challenges that female elder carers in the United Kingdom face in combining paid work with elder care, and the implications of this care for their current and future working lives. In-depth interviews with 11 working women from a large organisation were conducted, and five of the women were re-interviewed after a period of one year to examine any changes in their situation. The interviews revealed the precarious nature of their daily schedules, which required constant effort to maintain, the intrusion of elder care into their working lives, and the impact it had upon their career development and future aspirations. The findings provide insight into the reasons why carers, especially women, are more likely to reduce their working hours, do not take advantage of training opportunities and retire early. The findings are discussed in relation to the expectation of an extended working age and gender equality.

scholarly journals Preferences for work arrangements: A discrete choice experiment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254483
Author(s):  
Peter Valet ◽  
Carsten Sauer ◽  
Jochem Tolsma
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Job Attributes ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Labor Market Regulations

This study investigates individual preferences for work arrangements in a discrete choice experiment. Based on sociological and economic literature, we identified six essential job attributes—earnings, job security, training opportunities, scheduling flexibility, prestige of the company, and gender composition of the work team—and mapped these into hypothetical job offers. Out of three job offers, with different specifications in the respective job attributes, respondents had to choose the offer they considered as most attractive. In 2017, we implemented our choice experiment in two large-scale surveys conducted in two countries: Germany (N = 2,659) and the Netherlands (N = 2,678). Our analyses revealed that respondents considered all six job attributes in their decision process but had different priorities for each. Moreover, we found gendered preferences. Women preferred scheduling flexibility and a company with a good reputation, whereas men preferred jobs with high earnings and a permanent contract. Despite different national labor market regulations, different target populations, and different sampling strategies for the two surveys, job preferences for German and Dutch respondents were largely parallel.

scholarly journals Gender Inequality in Safety and Security Perceptions in Railway Stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4007
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Coppola ◽  
Fulvio Silvestri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Disaggregate Data

Recent studies have shown that gender is the personal aspect that mostly affects mobility patterns and travel behaviors. It has been observed, for instance, that female perception of unsafety and insecurity when traveling using public transport forces them to make unwanted travel choices, such as avoiding traveling at certain times of day and to specific destinations. In order to improve the attractiveness of public transport services, this gender gap must not be overlooked. This paper aims at contributing to research in gendered mobility by investigating differences in safety and security perceptions in railway stations, and by identifying which policies could be effective in bridging any existing gap. The methodology includes the collection of disaggregate data through a mixed Revealed Preference/Stated Preference survey, and the estimation of fixed and random parameters behavioral models. Results from a medium-sized Italian railway station show that female travelers feel safer in the presence of other people; they prefer intermodal infrastructures close to the entrance of the station and commercial activities in the internal premises. Moreover, unlike male travelers, they do not appreciate the presence of hedges and greenery outside stations.

Using a stated preference discrete choice experiment to assess societal value from the perspective of decision-makers in Europe. Does it work for rare diseases?

Health Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. López-Bastida ◽  
J.M. Ramos-Goñi ◽  
I. Aranda-Reneo ◽  
M. Trapero-Bertran ◽  
P. Kanavos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Societal Value

3333Contemporary mortality rates in myocardial infarction patients in Sweden: a tale of two registries

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Siverskog ◽  
M Janzon ◽  
L.-Å Levin ◽  
J Alfredsson ◽  
M Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Quality Registry ◽  
Mortality Outcome ◽  
Mortality Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Sweden has contributed to the understanding of the long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI) utilising the quality registry SWEDEHEART, including patients admitted to heart intensive care, and the National Patient Registry (PAR), based on administrative records for Swedish hospitals. As registration procedures differ between the registries, and not all MI patients are admitted to heart intensive care, MI patients identified in SWEDEHEART and PAR, respectively, will yield different cohorts of patients. This may result in different epidemiological research findings regarding prognosis after MI. Purpose To study MI populations identified in SWEDEHEART and PAR, respectively, and investigate potential differences in mortality outcome. Methods Patients hospitalised with an MI primary diagnosis (ICD-10 I21) between 2002 and 2015 were identified using SWEDEHEART and PAR. The analysis time started at the date of hospital admission and survivors were followed for 365 days. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate survival by cohort category controlling for age and gender. Results Excluding cases with invalid data (n=1,905), 225,612 and 282,118 SWEDEHEART and PAR patients, respectively, were identified. We found 213,367 patients in both SWEDEHEART and PAR, whereas 12,245 and 68,751 patients were unique to SWEDEHEART and PAR, respectively. The one-year survival probability after MI in the SWEDEHEART population was 0.841, compared to 0.788 in PAR (Figure). This discrepancy can be explained by high mortality among patients not covered by SWEDEHEART and persists after controlling for age and gender (Table). To what extent differences in registration procedures and other patient characteristics can explain the mortality difference is an area for further research. One-year survival by age and gender Age ± 1 year Male Female PAR S.H. Diff. PAR S.H. Diff. 65 0.922 0.936 0.015 0.919 0.936 0.017 70 0.893 0.909 0.016 0.889 0.908 0.019 75 0.829 0.858 0.029 0.834 0.860 0.026 80 0.743 0.783 0.040 0.768 0.800 0.033 85 0.625 0.677 0.052 0.662 0.705 0.042 One-year survival after MI Conclusion Estimated one-year survival for MI patients differs by up to 5 percentage points depending on the registry used. Although further research is needed to fully understand these differences, epidemiological findings regarding MI prognosis should be interpreted in light of registry type used and population represented. Acknowledgement/Funding Region Östergötland

scholarly journals KECENDERUNGAN ANAK MENJADI PELAKU DAN KORBAN BULLYING DITINJAU DARI KUALITAS KELEKATAN DENGAN IBU YANG BEKERJA

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni & Yulita Kurniawaty Asra
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Attachment Quality ◽  
Bullying Behavior ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Victims Of Bullying

Bullying has become a serious problem in schools and occurs in all countries. The purpose of this study is to see the tendency of children to be actors and victims of bullying in terms of quality of attachment with working mothers. The subjects were 336 students (175 male and 161 female) who have working mothers. The results showed that students who have a low quality of attachment with the mother who works has the tendency to be actors and victims of bullying than students who have a high attachment quality. Students in higher classes tend to bullying than students in lower grade, and boys were also higher tendency to bullying than girls. For mothers working hours, there was no difference in bullying behavior. While the tendency to be a victim, there is no difference based on class and gender. However, mothers who have longer working hours make children easily become victims of bullying

scholarly journals Role of methyleprednisolone succinate in the management of acute spinal cord injury

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
NK Karn ◽  
BP Shrestha ◽  
GP Khanal ◽  
R Rijal ◽  
P Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year

Objective: To see the role of methyleprednisolone succinate in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Methods: A randomized control trial was done including the patients with acute spinal cord injury. They were divided into age and gender matched two groups. Patients with presence of active infection, associated open fracture, those on long term steroid and those who did not give consent to participate in the trial were excluded. One group received methyleprednisolone succinate within 8 hours of injury and another group did not receive the drug. Both the groups were managed nonoperatively. The neurological status of the patients was assessed at presentation, once spinal shock was over, at 6th week and 6th month and after one year according to ASIA scoring. Frankel grading was also assessed in every follow up. Conclusion: Methylprednisolone succinct prevents secondary cord injury to a great extent and hence its administration within 8 hours of injury results in a better functional (motor and sensory) outcome. Keywords: acute spinal cord injury; methyleprednisolone succinate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v9i3.5585   HR 2011; 9(3): 168-172

scholarly journals EMPYEMA THORACIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 464-471
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD SALEEM ◽  
MUHAMMAD ASIF QURESHI ◽  
MUHAMMAD ASIF I QURESH
Keyword(s):  
Operative Management ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Empyema Thoracis ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Fatal Course ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year

Empyema as a complication of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is relatively common occurrence in developing countries. Study Design: Prospective study. Period: 4 year Jan 2001- Dec 2004. Setting: Department of Pediatric surgery the Children’s hospital Lahore. Patients & Method: A total of 114 cases of empyema thoracic secondary to CAP were dealt with during this period, while in the same duration a total of 1768 cases of pneumonia were treated at the Children’s hospital Lahore. Results: Majority of the patients with CAP (59.61%) were below one year of age whereas the patients who developed empyema, were mainly (45.67%) between 2 to 5 years of age. Patients above 5 years of age having CAP (31.70%) and having repeated attacks of respiratory tract infection were most susceptible to develop empyema. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism found (40.35%) in this series. Vaccination, poverty and gender did not significantaffected the development of empyema among the patients of CAP. Antibiotic resistance had no role in the development of empyema. Ibuprofen may be a risk factor. All the patients were initially managed with tube thoracostomy and antibiotics. Forty-eight patients (42.10%) needed subsequently operative management. Three patients (2.63%) had fatal course in this series same as seen in patients of CAP (2%). Conclusions: Immunization against causative organism and modification of out patient treatment may affect the incidence of empyema in children and should be studied prospectively.

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