scholarly journals Fusarium Yellowing of Sugar Beet Caused by Fusarium graminearum from Minnesota and Wyoming

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Red River Valley ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Vascular Discoloration ◽  
Hyphal Tip

In 2004, we received beet samples from seven fields from Minnesota and Wyoming that had foliar interveinal yellowing symptoms and vascular discoloration frequently associated with Fusarium yellows. Isolations were made from the vascular and cortical tissue. Hyphal tip isolates of Fusarium were obtained from beets, including eight isolates of Fusarium graminearum. F. graminearum was isolated from beets from three fields in Minnesota and one field in northern Wyoming. F. graminearum isolates were tested for pathogenicity by dipping roots of 5-week-old sugar beet plants (FC716) in a suspension of 104 spores per ml for 8 min, 10 plants per isolate. Spore suspensions were shaken periodically to aid mixing. A known moderately virulent isolate of F. oxysporum f. sp. betae (Fob13) (3), the causal agent of Fusarium yellows of sugar beet, was used as a positive control. For a negative control, plants were dipped in sterile water. Dipped plants were planted in Cone-tainers (3.8 cm diameter × 21 cm; Stuewe and Sons, Inc., Corvallis, OR) containing pasteurized potting mix and placed in a greenhouse at 24 to 27°C. Plants were fertilized with 15-30-15 fertilizer biweekly. After 2 weeks, plants were rated weekly for 5 weeks using a 0 to 4 scale in which 0 = no disease and 4 = complete plant death (2). After the final rating, plants were removed from soil and the tap root was examined for symptoms. Root segments were surface disinfested with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and plated on potato dextrose agar to confirm presence of the pathogen. The experiment was done twice. Three of the eight isolates of F. graminearum caused mild to moderate foliar symptoms (rating 2 to 3), including interveinal yellowing, wilting, and stunting of inoculated plants, and mild vascular discoloration was observed in some root sections. Pathogenic isolates were originally from different beets. Foliar symptoms were similar to those caused by Fob13, but the F. oxysporum f. sp. betae caused more vascular discoloration than did the F. graminearum isolates. No interveinal yellowing or wilting was observed on foliage of the control plants, and no vascular discoloration was observed in a cross section of the root. Cultures of F. graminearum or F. oxysporum recovered from inoculated plants were morphologically similar to isolates used for the inoculations. No Fusarium was isolated from the roots of plants soaked in sterile water. An interesting note is that no isolates of F. graminearum were recovered among more than 100 Fusarium isolates collected from sugar beet roots from Colorado over a 4-year period. F. graminearum was recovered in one sample from Wyoming in 2004. However, in the 2004 samples from Minnesota, this species was isolated at the same frequency as F. oxysporum. While F. graminearum has been isolated from beets in the Red River Valley (1), it has not previously been reported to cause symptoms on growing sugar beet. References: (1) U. Bosch and C. J. Mirocha. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3233, 1992. (2) L. E. Hanson and A. L. Hill. J. Sugar Beet Res. 41:139, 2004. (3) C. E. Windels et al. Plant Dis. 89:341, 2005.

scholarly journals Beet Root-Rot Inducing Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from Colorado and Montana

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Hanson ◽  
B. J. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Discoloration

A root-tip rot of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Snyd. & Hans. has been reported from Texas (2). This disease is typified by yellowing of the foliage, vascular discoloration, and a rot of the root tip. During 2002 and 2003, sugar beet samples from several fields in Colorado and Montana, some with tip rot symptoms, were received by the authors. Isolations were made from the root vascular tissue and tissue adjacent to the rot in Colorado and from the rot tissue in Montana. Isolates of Fusarium were obtained and identified as Fusarium oxysporum. At the ARS laboratory in Colorado, F. oxysporum isolates were tested for pathogenicity by dipping roots of 5-week-old sugar beet plants (FC716) in a suspension of 104 spores per ml for 8 min, 10 plants per isolate. One known isolate of F. oxysporum f. sp. betae that causes Fusarium yellows, Fob13, was used for comparison. For a negative control, plants were dipped in sterile water. Beets were planted in Cone-Tainers (3.8 cm in diameter × 21 cm) containing pasteurized potting mix. Plants were placed in a greenhouse at 24 to 27°C and fertilized with 15-30-15 fertilizer every 2 weeks to avoid chlorosis from nutrient deficiency. Plants were rated weekly for foliar symptoms for 6 weeks with a Fusarium yellows rating scale of 0 to 4, in which 0 = no disease and 4 = complete plant death (1). After the final rating, plants were removed from the soil and the taproot was examined for rot symptoms. Root segments were surface disinfested with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and cultured on potato dextrose agar to confirm the presence of the pathogen. The experiment was done twice. Six of ten F. oxysporum isolates tested caused root vascular discoloration and foliar symptoms, including interveinal yellowing and wilting, of inoculated plants. A rot of the root tip was observed on the roots of plants inoculated with three of the six pathogenic isolates. Isolate Fob13 caused only vascular discoloration and foliar symptoms with no rot. Similar experiments were done in Montana with the exception that 3-week-old plants (cv. Monohikari) were used and planted in 10-cm plastic pots with five seedlings per pot. Inoculum levels were 105 spores per ml of F. oxysporum f. sp. betae (isolate 216C) or tip rot isolates (3 isolates), and the experiments were terminated 4 weeks after planting. The root rot isolates caused foliar symptoms, vascular discoloration, and root rot similar to that seen in the field, whereas isolate 216C caused only foliar wilt symptoms and vascular discoloration. Isolations from inoculated plants in Colorado and Montana resulted in F. oxysporum cultures similar to those used in inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing root rot of sugar beet outside of Texas. References: (1) L. E. Hanson and A. L. J. Hill. Sugarbeet Res. 41:163, 2004. (2) R. M. Harveson and C. M. Rush. Plant Dis. 82:1039, 1998.

scholarly journals Comparative Pathogenicity and Virulence of Fusarium Species on Sugar Beet

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1291-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragyan Burlakoti ◽  
V. Rivera ◽  
G. A. Secor ◽  
A. Qi ◽  
L. E. Del Rio-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Discoloration ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Highly Virulent

In all, 98 isolates of three Fusarium spp. (18 Fusarium oxysporum, 30 F. graminearum, and 50 Fusarium sp. nov.) obtained from sugar beet in Minnesota were characterized for pathogenicity and virulence on sugar beet in the greenhouse by a bare-root inoculation method. Among the 98 isolates tested, 80% of isolates were pathogenic: 83% of the F. oxysporum isolates, 57% of the F. graminearum isolates, and 92% of the Fusarium sp. nov. isolates. Symptoms varied from slight to moderate wilting of the foliage, interveinal chlorosis and necrosis, and vascular discoloration of the taproot without any external root symptoms. Among the pathogenic isolates, 14% were highly virulent and 12% were moderately virulent. Most of the highly virulent isolates (91%) and moderately virulent isolates (89%) were Fusarium sp. nov. All pathogenic isolates of F. graminearum and most pathogenic isolates (87%) of F. oxysporum were less virulent. In general, more-virulent isolates induced first foliar symptoms earlier compared with less-virulent isolates. This study indicates that both F. oxysporum and Fusarium sp. nov. should be used in greenhouse and be present in field studies used for screening and developing sugar beet cultivars resistant to Fusarium yellows complex for Minnesota and North Dakota.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium Yellows of Sugar Beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1554-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tap Root

Fusarium yellows of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.Fr. f. sp. betae (Stewart) Snyd & Hans., has been a long-term problem in the western United States (3) and recently was reported in Minnesota and North Dakota (4). This disease is typified by interveinal yellowing and wilting of the foliage. Roots have no external symptoms but show internal vascular discoloration. In 2005, 12 sugar beet roots from Michigan with yellows-type symptoms were received by the author. Isolations were made from the cortical and vascular tissue of the crown and tap root. Fusarium spp. isolates were obtained from 10 of the beets, and 16 isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of morphology and pigmentation on potato dextrose agar and spores and phialides on carnation leaf agar (2). F. oxysporum isolates were tested for pathogenicity by dipping roots of 5-week-old susceptible sugar beet plants (FC716) in a suspension of 104 spores per ml for 8 min, 10 plants per isolate. Two known pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. betae, Fob13 and Fob216c (4), were used for comparison. For a negative control, plants were dipped in sterile water. Beets were planted in Cone-tainers (3.8 cm diameter × 21 cm) containing pasteurized potting mix. Plants were placed in a greenhouse at 24 to 27°C and fertilized with 15-30-15 fertilizer every 2 weeks to avoid chlorosis from nutrient deficiency. Plants were rated weekly for foliar symptoms for 6 weeks using a Fusarium yellows rating scale of 0 to 4 in which 0 = no disease and 4 = complete plant death (1). After the final rating, plants were removed from soil and the tap root examined for root symptoms. Root segments were surface disinfested with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and cultured on potato dextrose agar to confirm presence of the pathogen. The experiment was done twice. Seven F. oxysporum isolates tested caused typical Fusarium yellows symptoms including interveinal yellowing, stunting, and wilting of inoculated plants. Pathogenic isolates were obtained from 7 of the 10 beets that yielded F. oxysporum. Symptoms were indistinguishable from those caused by Fob13 (average ratings ranged from 1.8 to 2.4) and milder than those caused by Fob216c (average rating 3.1). No interveinal chlorosis or wilting was observed on the control plants. Isolations from inoculated plants provided F. oxysporum cultures morphologically similar to those used in inoculation by the methods of Nelson et al. (2). No F. oxysporum was isolated from control plants. To my knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing Fusarium yellows on beet in Michigan. References: (1) L. E. Hanson and A. L. Hill. J. Sugar Beet Res. 41:163, 2004. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 1983. (3). C. L. Schneider and E. D. Whitney. Fusarium Yellows. Page 18 in: Compendium of Beet Diseases and Insects. C. L. Schneider and E. D. Whitney, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1986. (4) C. E. Windels et al. Plant Dis. 89:341, 2005.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of hyperparasitic fungi to alternative products for use in the control of papaya black spot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. S. Vivas ◽  
S. F. Silveira ◽  
V. Mussi-Dias ◽  
P. H. D. Santos ◽  
G. K. S. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Biological Index ◽  
Foliar Symptoms

Abstract The use of more than one control technique can maximize the reduction of the damages caused by the fungus Asperisporium caricae causal agent of the black spot in the papaya crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of the fungi Hansfordia pulvinata and Acremonium spp. to alternative products with potential for use in the control of the black-spotted ptarmigan. Three isolates of Acremonium spp. (A-598, A-602 and A-617) and an isolate of H. pulvinata (H-611) were grown in BDA medium containing Agro-Mos®, Bion®, Ecolife®, Hortifospk®, Matriz G®, Vitaphol® separately. The Amistar 500WG ® fungicide was used as a positive control and pure BDA as a negative control. The toxicity of the tested products was determined based on the values of the biological index, derived from the means of mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of conidia, in each experimental unit. In this way it was possible to select the products classified as compatible for all isolates, and to test them in vivo. In the greenhouse, only the isolates and isolates with selected products, were applied in papaya plants with foliar symptoms of black-spotted. The incidence of leaves with hyperparasites and the percentage of black-painted lesions colonized by the tested isolates were evaluated. Thus, the H-611 isolate proved to be compatible with most of the alternative products tested, except with Hortifos®. Bion® and Matrix® products were compatible with all tested isolates and could be used in conjunction with Acremonium spp. and H. pulvinata to control the papaya black spot, since these products did not present toxicity on the hyperparasitic fungi.

scholarly journals First Report of the Cucurbit Yellow Vine Disease Caused by Serratia marcescens in Watermelon and Yellow Squash in Alabama

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Sikora ◽  
B. D. Bruton ◽  
A. C. Wayadande ◽  
J. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Cucurbit Yellow Vine Disease

More than 3,000 acres of watermelon were planted in Alabama in 2010 with a production value more than $4 million (J. Kemble, personal communication). Symptoms typical of cucurbit yellow vine disease (CYVD) were observed in a 2-ha watermelon field in Crawford, AL on 8 June 2010. Watermelon, cv. Jubilee, exhibited a yellow appearance and some plants were completely wilted. Incidence of affected plants was estimated at 25%. On 24 June, plant samples were collected from a 1-ha watermelon (cv. Jubilee) field near Dadeville, AL. Approximately 30% of the plants exhibited yellowing and wilting, which is symptomatic of CYVD. Samples were also collected from a small planting of yellow crooked-neck squash at the same location. Approximately 20% of the squash plants had symptoms typical of CYVD. Cross-sections of belowground stem and primary root revealed a honey-brown phloem discoloration and a healthy appearing xylem, symptoms consistent with CYVD caused by the phloem-colonizing bacterium, Serratia marcescens Bizio (1). Isolations were made from the crown on four symptomatic watermelon and two squash plants. Approximately 2.5-mm3 tissue pieces from the phloem were excised, surface sterilized in 10% sodium hypochlorite, and ground in 1-ml PBS (phosphate buffer with saline). A 10-μl aliquot of slurry was plated onto nutrient agar (NA) (Difco, Detroit, MI) and the plates were stored at room temperature for 4 days. Individual colonies were selected and purified by serial dilution plating. Isolates from watermelon and squash were consistent with S. marcescens in colony morphology, color, and texture. Three isolates obtained from watermelon were grown on NA and suspended in sterile water at 108 cells per ml for mechanical transmission experiments on ‘Lemondrop’ squash. Sterile water served as a negative control. After 28 days, plants were cross-sectioned at the juncture of the root and stem and observed for phloem discoloration. Of the 56, 58, and 62 plants inoculated in three replicate studies, 78.6, 56.9, and 62.9% developed CYVD symptoms, respectively, while none of the controls were positive. Cultured bacteria from six of the symptomatic, greenhouse-inoculated plants representing the three watermelon isolates were subjected to multiplex end-point PCR using primer sets YV1/YV4, specific for the species S. marcescens, and a79F/R, which amplifies only the CYVD strains of S. marcescens (3). All six bacteria cultures along with the positive control (reference isolate W01 obtained from watermelon in Texas) were positive, while the negative PBS control was negative. Although rhizosphere-inhabiting and plant growth promoting endophytic strains of S. marcescens have been reported from Alabama (2), to our knowledge, this is the first known report of CYVD and phytopathogenic S. marcescens in Alabama cucurbits. References: (1) B. D. Bruton et al. Plant Dis. 87:937, 2004. (2) J. A. McInroy and J. W. Kloepper. Plant Soil 173:333, 1995. (3) Q. Zhang et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:7716, 2005.

scholarly journals Micronucleated Erythrocytes in Newborn Rats Exposed to Raltegravir Placental Transfer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza ◽  
Damharis Elizabeth Coronado-Medina ◽  
Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda ◽  
Eduardo Vázquez-Valls ◽  
Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
High Concentrations

The use of raltegravir in treating HIV/AIDS has been proposed due to its effectiveness in suppressing high loads of HIV RNA in pregnant women, thus preventing infection of the fetus. However, administration of raltegravir during pregnancy produces a compound which is transferred to high concentrations to the offspring. The objective of this study is to evaluate the transplacental genotoxic effect of raltegravir in newborn rats. We evaluated the number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), and polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in the peripheral blood samples of the offspring of Wistar rats treated 6 days before birth with oral administration of raltegravir. The animals were randomly assigned to five groups as follows: raltegravir at doses of 15, 30, or 60 mg/day, cyclophosphamide 10 mg/kg (positive control), or 0.5 ml of sterile water (negative control). In addition, the effect of these drugs on the weight and height of newborns was assessed. There were no differences in the number of MNE, MNPCE, and PCE, and a slight decrease in the weight and height was observed in the offspring of the rat mothers treated with raltegravir. Genotoxicity studies are required in pregnant women to determine the risk of using raltegravir to the fetuses.

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

The Comparison of Ostecyte in the Pressure area and Tension area on Tooth Movement Because of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

DENTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Arya Barahmanta ◽  
Muhammad Faizal Winaris ◽  
Pambudi Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pressure Area

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Orthodontic tooth movement is a </em><em>interaction prosess</em><em> of resorption and deposition of bone remodeling. Orthodontic tooth movement by mechanical strength causes changes in alveolar bone. Osteocyte is an essential cell to respond bone remodelling. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy affects production of osteocyte because it can release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitrid Oxide (NO).  <strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the difference number  of osteocyte in pressure and tension area during tooth movement by adjuvant of Hyperbaric Oxygen 2,4 ATA during 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14. <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: This research used Completery Randomized Control Group Post Test Only Design. 36 cavia cobaya (male)  were divided into 3 groups randomly : the negative control groups, positive control group, and treatment group. Preparat staining used Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and calculated on microscop 1000x with 20 field of view. Data analyses used one way ANOVA and LSD test then compared each area by using paired T test. <strong>Result:</strong> The data showed that the treatment group (P=10,67) tension area has the highest number of osteocyte than  negative control group (K-=3,67), positive control (K+=7,42). In the pressure area showed that negative control group (K-=5,00) has the highest  than positive control group (K+=3,83) and treatment (P=3,25). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therapy HBO 2,4 ATA 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14 is could increase osteocyte in the tissue to stimulate process of bone remodelling.</em></p><pre><strong> </strong></pre><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Hyperbaric Oxygen, Tooth movement, Bone remodeling, </em><em>Osteocyte</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Correspondence:</em></strong><em> </em><em>Arya Brahmanta</em><em>, Department of Orthodonty, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, Email:</em><em> </em><a href="mailto:[email protected]"><em>arya.brahmanta</em><em>@</em><em>hangtuah.ac.id</em></a></p>

UJI AKTIVITAS HEPATOPROTEKTOR KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius roxb) DAN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii) TERHADAP KADAR MDA YANG DIINDUKSI PARASETAMOL

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Yuni Asri Mulatsih Agami ◽  
Eka Wisnu Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dose Combination

Kasus penyakit hati semakin meningkat seiring penggunaan senyawa hepatotoksin salah satunya karena penggunaan parasetamol dengan dosis berlebih. Hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan produksi radikal bebas sehingga memicu terjadinya stress oksidatif yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan jaringan yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA). Stress oksidatif dapat diatasi dengan antioksidan dari berbagai tanaman. Kulit kayu manis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 53ppm dan daun pandan wangi 39,7%  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi dan kayu manis dalam menurunkan kadar MDA. tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental, dilakukan selama 9 hari dengan 30 ekor tikus jantan dibagi menjadi 6 Kelompok, yaitu: Normal diberi aquadest, Kontrol Positif diberi silimarin 100 mg/kgBB, Kontrol Negatif diberi CMC-Na 0,05%, serta 3 kelompok lainnya diberi kombinasi ekstrak daun pandan wangi:kayu manis berturut-turut dosis I (25:75), dosis II (50:50), dosis III (75:25). Semua kelompok diinduksi parasetamol 2,5 g/kgBB pada hari ke-7  setelah 30 menit perlakuan, kecuali kelompok normal. Pada hari ke 9 dilakukan pengukuran kadar MDA dengan metode TBARs menggunakan spektrofotometri. Pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi dan kayu manis dapat menurunkan kadar MDA dengan kombinasi dosis yang paling optimal adalah 75:25 berdasarkan statistik dengan nilai signifikan 0,000<0,05 dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif.    Cases of liver disease have increased with the use of hepatotoxin compounds, one of which is due to the use of paracetamol with excessive doses. This can increase the production of free radicals so that it triggers oxidative stress which can cause tissue damage which is characterized by increased levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA). Oxidative stress can be overcome with antioxidants from various plants. Cinnamomum burmanii has antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 53ppm and Pandanus amarrylifolius 39.7%. This study aims to determine the combined activity of ethanol extract of Pandanus amarrylifolius and Cinnamomum burmanii  in reducing MDA levels. Paracetamol-induced rats. Research using experimental methods, conducted for 9 days with 30 male rats divided into 6 groups, namely: Normal given aquadest, Positive Control were given silimarin 100 mg / kgBB, Negative Control was given CMC-Na 0.05%, and 3 other groups were given a combination of Pandanus amarrylifolius extract: Cinnamomum burmanii dose I (25:75), dose II (50:50), dose III (75:25). All groups induced paracetamol 2.5 g / kgBB on the 7th day after 30 minutes of treatment, except the normal group. On the 9th day MDA levels were measured using the TBARs method using spectrophotometry. Giving a combination of Pandanus amarrylifolius and Cinnamomum burmanii ethanol extract can reduce MDA levels with the most optimal dose combination is 75:25 based on statistics with a significant value of 0,000<0.05 compared with the negative group.

UJI IMUNOMODULATOR DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN WARU (HIBISCUS TILIACEUS) DENGAN METODE HIPERSENSITIVITAS TIPE LAMBAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Yanna Rotua Sihombing ◽  
Debi Dinha Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Hypersensitivity Response ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Response

Immunomodulator is a compound that can increaase the imuno system. One of the plants that have immunomodulator’s activity is Waru Leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus). the purpose of this research was to test the effect of immunomodulator by extract of Waru Leaf ethanol on rat male. The activity of immunomodulator was determined by using digital pletysmometer by measuring the differences between the last leg swelling’s volume and the first leg swelling’s volume. The treatment group were divided into 5 groups. Each group consistof 5 rats CMC-Na 0,5% (negative control), Stimuno®  32,5 mg/kgBW (positive control), dose of EEDW 50, 100 and 200 mg/kgBW, and bacteria E.coli as antigen. The results slowed that distribution of EEDW dose 200 mg/kgBW can give the effect of immunostimulant by swelling enthancement compared by CMC-Na 0,5 %. EEDW 200 mg/kgBW that have activity comparable with Stimuno®  32,5 mg/kgBW. Thus, it is concluded that of Waru Leaf extract has immunomodulator effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity response of rat male.

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