scholarly journals Eco-friendly Management of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Using Dried Powder of the Wild Arid-Land Medicinal Shrub Rhazya stricta

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 2613-2621
Author(s):  
Raja Asad Ali Khan ◽  
Syed Sartaj Alam ◽  
Sania Hayat ◽  
Musharaf Ahmad ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Arid Land ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Rhazya Stricta

Bacterial wilt (BW) disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex is a devastating plant disease that inflicts heavy losses to the large number of economic host plants it infects. In this study, the potential of dried powder of the arid-land medicinal shrub Rhazya stricta to control BW of tomato was explored. Both, in vitro and in planta studies were conducted, using different concentrations of dried powder of plant parts, and applied (surface mulched or mixed) to infested soil at 0, 10, and 20 days before transplanting (DBT). Aqueous extract of leaves (16% w/v) was found to be as effective as streptomycin (100 ppm) in inhibiting the in vitro growth of R. solanacearum. As evident from the scanning electron micrograph, 16% aqueous extract of leaves produced severe morphological changes, such as rupture of the bacterial cell walls. Results from the greenhouse experiments demonstrated that the higher powder dose (succulent shoot), namely, 30 g/kg of soil mixed with infested soil 20 DBT, was found to be the most effective in controlling BW. It increased root length (cm), shoot length (cm), and plant fresh biomass (g) by 55, 42, and 40%, respectively, over control plants. Mixing of plant powder with the artificially infested (35 ml of 108 CFU/ml per kilogram of soil) pot soil was better than surface mulching. The 30 g/kg of soil dose mixed with soil increased root length (cm), shoot length (cm), and plant fresh biomass (g) of treated plants by 67, 36, and 46%, respectively, over control plants. A 37% decrease in disease severity over the control was observed with drench application of 30 g of powder per kilogram of soil applied once at 20 DBT. Our results indicated that the dried powder (30 g/kg of soil) of leaves or succulent shoots of R. stricta, thoroughly mixed with soil, 20 DBT, could act as an effective control method against BW.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Chachar ◽  
N. A. Chachar ◽  
Q.I. Chachar ◽  
S.M Mujtaba ◽  
G.A Chachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Climate change is emerging phenomena and causing frequent drought which lead to scaricity of water, which ultimately nagetively affecting wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) yield all around the world. The aim of this study was to explore the potential deought tolerant wheat genotypes for candidate genes exploration. This study was conducted during the year 2014-2015 at Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam. The six wheat genotypes (cv. MT-1/13, MT-2/13, MT-3/13, MT-4/13 Chakwal-86 and Khirman) were investigated for their response at germination and seedling stage under different water stress treatments (0, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to genotypes revealed that genotype Chakwal-86 shows maximum seed germination (82.58 %), while the genotype Khirman shows maximum shoot length  (7.23 cm), root length  (15.1 cm), shoot fresh wt. (5.85 g 10-1shoots), root fresh wt.  (3.45 g 10-1roots), shoot dry wt. (1.33 g 10-1shoots), root dry wt. (0.69 g 10-1roots). Among the genotypes tested Khirman and MT-4/13 are the tolerant genotypes had the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas  MT-4/13 and Chakwal-86 were moderate tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the genotypes i.e. MT-1/13 and MT-2/13 are the sensitive genotypes under drought environment. It is concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the seed germination shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat genotypes. The maximum reduction was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa) significantly.

scholarly journals In Vitro Regeneration of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes under Salt Stress Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Asfiqur Rahman Plabon ◽  
M. E. Hoque ◽  
Farhana Afrin Vabna ◽  
Fahima Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world. Excessive soil salinity can reduce the productivity of many agricultural crops including many vegetables and spices. Onion is one of the most important spices in the Asiatic region which is now in high demand. The experiment was conducted to observe in vitro regeneration of onion (Allium cepa L.) under salt stress condition from September 2016 to July 2017. The experiment was conducted as two factorial (genotype and treatment) Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications for each treatment. Shoot tip segments of three genotypes namely Faridpuri, Taherpuri and Pusa red (Indian) were cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog, 1962) media supplemented with 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl. The genotype Faridpuri gave maximum salt tolerance upto 100 mM salinity level with 10.60 cm shoot length and 1.94 cm root length having the highest relative shoot and root growth. Pusa red was found to be salinity sensitive genotype which showing lowest shoot length of 7.03 cm and root length of 0.96 cm at 100 mM NaCl treatment. However, Taherpuri was tolerant up to 100 mM salinity level with 8.14 cm shoot length and 1.25 cm root length. Both the highest fresh weight of root (54.77 mg) and dry weight of root (41.36 mg) was from the genotype Faridpuri with 25 mM NaCl treatment. However, a convenient in vitro regeneration protocol of onion genotypes under different salinity level has been developed and the genotype Faridpuri can be used for further investigation in field condition to evaluate its performance at various salinity levels.

scholarly journals In vitro callus initiation and regeneration of potato

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
AU Haque ◽  
MA Ehsanul Samad ◽  
TL Shapla
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Leaf Explant ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants ◽  
Internode Explants

The first experiment involving different explants and concentrations of 2,4-D and kinetin showed highly significant differences for length and weight of callus formed except interaction of callus weight. Leaf explant appeared to be best of all for callus length and weight when 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.25 mg/L kinetin concentration was used. Similarly, different explants versus different concentrations of BAP/GA3/IAA showed significant differences for shoot length and leaf number per plantlet and also for root length. However, interaction term confirmed node and node/internode explants produced better results in shoot length and number of leaves per plantlet when concentrations 1 .0 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L GA3 and 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.2 mg/L GA3, 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.4 mg/L GA3, respectively, were used. Similarly, internode explants produced better results for root length after 21 days plantlet-1 when concentration of 1.0 mg/L IAA + 0.25 mg/L GA3 was used. Shoot tip explants also produced better results in root length after 28 days plantlet-1 when concentrations 1.0 mg/L IAA + 0.25 mg/L GA3 were used. Key Words: In vitro, callus initiation, regeneration, potato. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3971 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(3) : 449-456, September 2009

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation of Eriostemon myoporoides and Eriostemon `Stardust'

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Ault
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation

Optimal axillary shoot proliferation was obtained from stem explants of a clone of Eriostemon myoporoides DC. on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 0.1 mg BA/liter, and of Eriostemon `Stardust' on MS medium containing 0.5 mg BA/liter. Overall average number of shoots and shoot lengths for all treatments was greater for E. `Stardust' (22.4 shoots and 12.1-mm shoot length) than for E. myoporoides (4.5 shoots and 8.3-mm shoot length). Maximum percent rooting of E. myoporoides (42%) and E. `Stardust' (95%) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg K-IBA/liter for E. myoporoides and 0.1 mg NAA/liter for E. `Stardust'. Overall average percent rooting and root lengths were greater for E. `Stardust' (42% rooting and 11.0-mm root length) than for E. myoporoides (27% rooting and 2.3-mm root length). For E. `Stardust', reducing sucrose in the rooting medium from 50 to 25 g·liter-1 significantly decreased overall average percent rooting to 1670 and root length to 6.8 mm. Plantlets of both clones were acclimatized in the greenhouse and transferred successfully to soil, although survival was <7070. Chemical names used: N -(phenylmethyl) -l H -purine-6-amine (BA); potassium-l H -indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA); l-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals Integrated management of bacterial wilt of ginger incited by Ralstonia solanacearum

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Roop Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Seed Rot

An experiment was conducted to find out the integrated management of Ralstonia solanacearum infecting ginger. Two antibiotics, two biocontrol agents, one phytoextract and one organic amendment and their combination were used. The average reduction in pre emergence seed rot and post emergence seedling mortality recorded with all the treatments tested were ranged from 16.50 to 80.39 per cent over untreated. However, significantly highest reduction in average preemergence seed rot and post- emergence seedling mortality was recorded with streptocycline + P. fluorescens (80.39%). This was followed by streptocycline + karanj cake (72.31%), streptocycline + T. viride (69.55%), streptocycline (58.68%), karanj cake + A. sativum (48.49%), P. fluorescens (44.94%), karanj cake (36.79%). Whereas, T. viride, A. sativum and gentamycin were found least effective with comparatively minimum reduction in average mortality, 26.94, 20.94 and 16.50 per cent, respectively. Of the treatments tested, significantly highest root length (8.60 cm), shoot length (18.43 cm) and vigour index (2342.69) were recorded with streptocycline + P. fluorescens.

scholarly journals A, The EXPLORING THE ALLELOPATHIC AND HERMETIC EFFECT OF KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH (Raphanus sativus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Abstract Crop plants release biochemicals into surrounding environment that help in obtaining maximum yield of crop by acting bioherbicide at high concentration and plant growth hormone at low concentration. Therefore, this study was planned at Department of Agronomy in Weed Science Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during Winter 2018 to evaluate the hermetic effects of Althaea officinalis L. (khatami) on vegetable crop Radish (Raphanus sativus) The experiments were laid out under completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. The aqueous extracts of A. officinalis L. were used on radish different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 80%). Data regarding seed germination and seedling growth (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root dry weigh) of radish were recorded using standard procedures. Results Reveals that the aqueous extract of A. officinalis at higher concentration (80%) act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on R. sativus result in Maximum time to 50% germination (4.68 days) and mean germination time (9.05 days) while minimum germination index (3.60), germination percentage (85.00%), shoot length (42.4 cm), root length (25.90 cm), shoot fresh weight (53.30 g) and root fresh weight (13.30 g). While at lower concentration (10%) it shows hermetic effect and produce maximum germination percentage (100.00%), shoot length (58.2 cm), root length (52.0 cm), shoot fresh weight (90.00g), root fresh weight (26.30 g) minimum time to complete 50% germination (3.36 days), germination index (6.00%) and mean germination time (5.73 days) growth. In A. officinalis among different phenolic compound minimum Syringic acid (0.60%) and maximum Quercetion (12.3%) compound was found. Therefore, it was concluded from this study that aqueous extract of officinalis can be used as growth promoter at lower concentration while at higher concentration for environmentally friendly control of weeds.

ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF POPPY (Papaver somniferum L.) ON EMERGENCE AND INITIAL SEEDLING GROWTH OF RED RICE (Oryza punctata L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-392
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ather Nadeem ◽  
Sadia Afzal ◽  
Sadia Afzal ◽  
Muhammad Azim Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Oryza Punctata

Allelopathy plays crucial role in effective weed control. Opium (Papaver somniferum L.) crop release different allelochemicals at maturity which have potential to act as natural weeds control in different crops. Phytotoxic effect of Papaver somniferum was examined on germination and initial seedling growth of red rice (Oryza punctata L.). Aqueous extract of different plant parts (leaves, stem and flower) were used at various concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%) along with distilled water as control. The aqueous extracts of leaves, stem and flower of P. somniferum were significantly inhibited the emergence, seedling growth as well as root length (cm), shoot length (cm), fresh weight (g) and dry weight (g) of O. punctata. Maximum mean emergence time (9.18 days) and minimum shoot length (1.13 cm) whereas minimum emergence index (0.89) and emergence percentage (6.67%) was observed under fruit extract at 8% concentration. P. somniferum aqueous extract of stem at 8% concentration take maximum time to complete 50% emergence minimum root length, fresh weight, dry weight of O. punctata. Based on this finding it can be concluded that the phyto-chemicals present in P. somniferum at 8% concentration may cause losses to the related as well as succeeding weeds through allelopathy and must be removed from the field to avoid destructive effects of these weeds.

A, The Phytotoxic effects of Sonchus oleraceus L. on emergence and seedling growth of Echinocloa cruss-galli

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-446
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ather Nadeem ◽  
Saima Anwar ◽  
Rizwan Maqbool ◽  
Muhammad Yasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
Emergence Percentage

The study was aimed to explore the phytotoxic potential of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the emergence and seedling growth of Echinocloa cruss-galli L. and quantification of allelochemicals present in leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus weed. The experiment comprised of aqueous extracts of leaf, roots and fruits applied at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8% (w/v) along with a control (0%). Data regarding seed emergence, emergence index, emergence percentage, root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight was recorded. All the tested concentrations of all parts of S. oleraceus significantly inhibited the seed emergence, emergence index, emergence percentage (%) and growth and delayed mean emergence time and time taken to 50% emergence of E. cruss-galli weed. However, maximum mean emergence time (5.20 days) and time taken to 50% emergence (3.49 days), were noted at 8% concentration of fruit and leaf aqueous extract, respectively. Fruit aqueous extract at 8% concentration caused the lowest germination index (1.70), germination percentage (40%), root length (0.09 cm), shoot length (0.45 cm) and dry weight (0.16 g) of E. cruss-galli. Results suggested that the extract of S. oleraceus weed at concentration (8%) can be used as potential bio-herbicide for the control of E. cruss-galli weed.

scholarly journals Biocontrol and growth enhancement potential of Trichoderma spp. on broad leaf mustard

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Vipassana Paudel ◽  
Rajiv Pathak ◽  
Janardan Lamichhane ◽  
Dhurva P. Gauchan
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight

Microbial isolates from plant associated habitats are being considered as valid alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The aim of the study was to select beneficial fungi belonging to Trichoderma genus, to be added as soil inoculants, in order to develop an innovative, economic and suitable alternative to synthetic fertilizers for growth promotion of plants. The isolated Trichoderma were characterized and identified by morphological and microscopic analysis. The antagonistic effects of these Trichoderma isolates were tested against three pathogenic fungi; Sclerotinia minor, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. Dual culture technique was employed and percentage of inhibition (I %) on mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi was calculated. Isolates BC and KB, showed the highest antagonistic effect against S. minor by 100%. Isolate DH and TH showed partial suppression of F. solani y 64.74% and 70.94% respectively. Isolates HA and Y restrain F. oxysporum by 85.12% and 85.90% respectively. Hence, BC, KB, DH, TH, HA, and Y could be a potential bio-control agent, BCA. In vitro and in vivogrowth promotion study was carried out by seed treatment method.Isolate EO revealed highest growth promotion activity in all parameters. In vitro studies of seedling assay indicated that isolate EO exhibited best effect on almost all the parameters; root length, shoot length, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, germination percentage and seedling vigour index in in vitro condition. However, greenhouse studies indicated that GS showed highest shoot length, TH promoted highest root length and HA showed maximum number of leaves. Significant difference was observed inroot length in greenhouse experiment and plant wet weight in seedling assay at p≤0.05. The results presented in this study further reinforce the concept of biological control and plant growth promotion by Trichoderma as an alternative disease control strategy.Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 13, No. 1, 2017, Page: 85-94

scholarly journals A study on the allelopathic activity and quantitative determination of total phenolicand flavonoid of six plants in the Asteraceae family

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Chi Nam Ngo ◽  
◽  
Khanh Linh Phan ◽  
Le Thi Ho ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Cosmos Bipinnatus ◽  
Mustard Green ◽  
Asteraceae Family

This study aims to determine the allelopathic activities of six plants that belong to Asteraceae family such as China wedelia (Wedelia chinensis), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus), marigolds (Tagetes erecta), Mexico sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), and zinnia (Zinnia elegans) by applying their methanolic extracts on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) and mustard green (Brassica juncea) with different concentrations (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1 g/ml). Results conducted from the study showed that the aqueous solutions extracted from the above-mentioned plants inhibited shoot and root length of barnyardgrass, mustard green at different intensity ranges in which cosmos aqueous extract gave the strongest impact, says, 23.01 and 97.54% of shoot length inhibition; 56.45 and 93.52% of root length inhibition at 0.3 and 1.0 g/ml respectively for mustard green. In case of barnyradgrass, the same results were also reported, says, 8.5 and 88.15% of shoot length inhibition; 36.35 and 99.99% of root length inhibition at 0.3 and 1.0 g/ml respectively. Total phenolic contents of the fresh plants of cosmos, China wedelia, sunflower, Mexico sunflower, marigolds and zinia were 4.51, 3.96, 1.05, 1.45, 3.61, and 0.99 mg/g, respectively; their total flavonoid contents were 1.58, 0.76, 0.29, 0.39, 0.65, and 0.45 mg/g, respectively. It is obvious that cosmos aqueous extract can be effectively and safely used for biological control of barnyardgrass.

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