scholarly journals Biocontrol and growth enhancement potential of Trichoderma spp. on broad leaf mustard

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Vipassana Paudel ◽  
Rajiv Pathak ◽  
Janardan Lamichhane ◽  
Dhurva P. Gauchan
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight

Microbial isolates from plant associated habitats are being considered as valid alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The aim of the study was to select beneficial fungi belonging to Trichoderma genus, to be added as soil inoculants, in order to develop an innovative, economic and suitable alternative to synthetic fertilizers for growth promotion of plants. The isolated Trichoderma were characterized and identified by morphological and microscopic analysis. The antagonistic effects of these Trichoderma isolates were tested against three pathogenic fungi; Sclerotinia minor, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. Dual culture technique was employed and percentage of inhibition (I %) on mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi was calculated. Isolates BC and KB, showed the highest antagonistic effect against S. minor by 100%. Isolate DH and TH showed partial suppression of F. solani y 64.74% and 70.94% respectively. Isolates HA and Y restrain F. oxysporum by 85.12% and 85.90% respectively. Hence, BC, KB, DH, TH, HA, and Y could be a potential bio-control agent, BCA. In vitro and in vivogrowth promotion study was carried out by seed treatment method.Isolate EO revealed highest growth promotion activity in all parameters. In vitro studies of seedling assay indicated that isolate EO exhibited best effect on almost all the parameters; root length, shoot length, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, germination percentage and seedling vigour index in in vitro condition. However, greenhouse studies indicated that GS showed highest shoot length, TH promoted highest root length and HA showed maximum number of leaves. Significant difference was observed inroot length in greenhouse experiment and plant wet weight in seedling assay at p≤0.05. The results presented in this study further reinforce the concept of biological control and plant growth promotion by Trichoderma as an alternative disease control strategy.Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 13, No. 1, 2017, Page: 85-94

Effect of the endophytic plant growth promoting Enterobacter ludwigii EB4B on tomato growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.A. Bendaha ◽  
H.A. Belaouni
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Enterobacter Ludwigii ◽  
Tomato Growth

SummaryThis study aims to develop a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) in tomato. For this, a set of 23 bacterial endophytic isolates has been screened for their ability to inhibit in vitro the growth of FORL using the dual plate assay. Three isolates with the most sound antagonistic activity to FORL have been qualitatively screened for siderophore production, phosphates solubilization and indolic acetic acid (IAA) synthesis as growth promotion traits. Antagonistic values of the three candidates against FORL were respectively: 51.51 % (EB4B), 51.18 % (EB22K) and 41.40 % (EB2A). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates EB4B and EB22K were closely related to Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119, while the strain EB2A has been assigned to Leclercia adecarboxylata NBRC 102595. The promotion of tomato growth has been assessed in vitro using the strains EB2A, EB4B and EB22K in presence of the phytopathogen FORL. The treatments with the selected isolates increased significantly the root length and dry weight. Best results were observed in isolate EB4B in terms of growth promotion in the absence of FORL, improving 326.60 % of the root length and 142.70 % of plant dry weight if compared with untreated controls. In the presence of FORL, the strain EB4B improved both root length (180.81 %) and plant dry weight (202.15 %). These results encourage further characterization of the observed beneficial effect of Enterobacter sp. EB4B for a possible use as biofertilizer and biocontrol agent against FORL.

Isolation, identification and characterization of native plant growth promoting bacteria and their plant growth promotion in Zea mays

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Pitchaiah Pelapudi ◽  
Sasikala Ch ◽  
Swarnabala Ganti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Shoot Weight

In the present rapid growing world, need for a sustainable agricultural practice which helps in meeting the adequate food demand is much needed. In this context, plant growth promoting bacteria were brought into the spot light by the researchers. Though the plant growth promoting bacteria have several beneficial applications, due to some of the disadvantages in the field conditions, they lagged behind. In the current research work, native PGPR were isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples of maize with an aim to isolate the nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilising and potash solubilising bacteria. Out of the several isolates, potent PGPR isolates viz., Paenibacillus durus PCPB067, Bacillus megaterium PCBMG041 and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus PCPG051 were isolated and identified by using the 16 S rRNA gene sequencing studies. Genomic DNA sequences obtained were deposited in the NCBI Genbank and accession numbers were assigned as MW793452, MW793456 and MW843633. In order to check the efficacy of the PGPR isolates, pot trials were conducted by taking maize as the host plant. Several parameters viz. shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root weight and weight of the seeds were tested in which PGP treatment showed good results (shoot length - 187±3.5 cm, shoot weight - 31±4 g, root length - 32±3.6 cm, root weight - 17±2 g, yield- 103.3±6.1 g) when compared to the chemical fertilizer treatment (shoot length - 177±3.5 cm, shoot weight - 25±3.6 g, root length - 24±3.5 cm, root weight - 14.6±1.52 g, yield- 85.6±7.6 g). Based on the results, it can be stated that these native PGPR isolates can be effectively used in the plant growth promotion of maize.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of extracellular metabolites from antagonistic bacteria isolated from potato (Solanum phureja) crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinar David Granada García ◽  
Antoni Rueda Lorza ◽  
Carlos Alberto Peláez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Solanum Phureja ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Extracellular Metabolites

Microorganisms for biological control are capable of producing active compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogens, constituting a promising tool toob tain active principles that could replace synthetic pesticides. This study evaluatedtheability of severalpotentialbiocontrol microorganismsto produce active extracellular metabolites. In vitro antagonistic capability of 50 bacterial isolates from rhizospheric soils of "criolla" potato (Solanum phureja) was tested through dual culture in this plant with different plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Isolates that showed significantly higher antagonistic activity were fermented in liquid media and crude extracts from the supernatants had their biological activities assessed by optical density techniques. Inhibitory effecton tested pathogens was observed for concentrations between 0.5% and 1% of crude extracts. There was a correlation between the antimicrobial activity of extracts and the use of nutrient-rich media in bacteria fermentation. Using a bioguided method, a peptidic compound, active against Fusarium oxysporum, was obtained from the 7ANT04 strain (Pyrobaculum sp.). Analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography coupled to mass detector evidenced an 11-amino acid compound. Bioinformatic software using raw mass data confirmed the presence of a cyclic peptide conformed by 11 mostly non-standard amino acids.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Chachar ◽  
N. A. Chachar ◽  
Q.I. Chachar ◽  
S.M Mujtaba ◽  
G.A Chachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Climate change is emerging phenomena and causing frequent drought which lead to scaricity of water, which ultimately nagetively affecting wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) yield all around the world. The aim of this study was to explore the potential deought tolerant wheat genotypes for candidate genes exploration. This study was conducted during the year 2014-2015 at Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam. The six wheat genotypes (cv. MT-1/13, MT-2/13, MT-3/13, MT-4/13 Chakwal-86 and Khirman) were investigated for their response at germination and seedling stage under different water stress treatments (0, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to genotypes revealed that genotype Chakwal-86 shows maximum seed germination (82.58 %), while the genotype Khirman shows maximum shoot length  (7.23 cm), root length  (15.1 cm), shoot fresh wt. (5.85 g 10-1shoots), root fresh wt.  (3.45 g 10-1roots), shoot dry wt. (1.33 g 10-1shoots), root dry wt. (0.69 g 10-1roots). Among the genotypes tested Khirman and MT-4/13 are the tolerant genotypes had the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas  MT-4/13 and Chakwal-86 were moderate tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the genotypes i.e. MT-1/13 and MT-2/13 are the sensitive genotypes under drought environment. It is concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the seed germination shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat genotypes. The maximum reduction was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa) significantly.

scholarly journals In Vitro Regeneration of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes under Salt Stress Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Asfiqur Rahman Plabon ◽  
M. E. Hoque ◽  
Farhana Afrin Vabna ◽  
Fahima Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world. Excessive soil salinity can reduce the productivity of many agricultural crops including many vegetables and spices. Onion is one of the most important spices in the Asiatic region which is now in high demand. The experiment was conducted to observe in vitro regeneration of onion (Allium cepa L.) under salt stress condition from September 2016 to July 2017. The experiment was conducted as two factorial (genotype and treatment) Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications for each treatment. Shoot tip segments of three genotypes namely Faridpuri, Taherpuri and Pusa red (Indian) were cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog, 1962) media supplemented with 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl. The genotype Faridpuri gave maximum salt tolerance upto 100 mM salinity level with 10.60 cm shoot length and 1.94 cm root length having the highest relative shoot and root growth. Pusa red was found to be salinity sensitive genotype which showing lowest shoot length of 7.03 cm and root length of 0.96 cm at 100 mM NaCl treatment. However, Taherpuri was tolerant up to 100 mM salinity level with 8.14 cm shoot length and 1.25 cm root length. Both the highest fresh weight of root (54.77 mg) and dry weight of root (41.36 mg) was from the genotype Faridpuri with 25 mM NaCl treatment. However, a convenient in vitro regeneration protocol of onion genotypes under different salinity level has been developed and the genotype Faridpuri can be used for further investigation in field condition to evaluate its performance at various salinity levels.

scholarly journals Role of Biocontrol Agents in Management of Corm Rot of Saffron Caused by Fusarium oxysporum

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Vishal Gupta ◽  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
Kausar Fatima ◽  
Vijay Kumar Razdan ◽  
Bhagwati Charan Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Maximum Reduction

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is considered as one of the most expensive spices. Fusarium corm rot of saffron, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is known to cause severe yield losses worldwide. In the present study, efficacy of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma asperellum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus stratosphericus, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus subtilis) along with a chemical fungicide, carbendazim, was evaluated for managing the corm rot of saffron. Under in vitro conditions, using dual culture and poison food techniques on potato dextrose agar, T. asperellum and carbendazim significantly reduced the mycelial growth of the pathogen F. oxysporum, with the inhibition of 62.76 and 60.27%, respectively, compared with control. Under field conditions, dipping of saffron corms in carbendazim and T. asperellum exhibited maximum reduction of 82.77 and 77.84%, respectively, in the disease incidence, during the first year of experiment. However, during the second year, maximum reduction in the incidence of corm rot (68.63%) was recorded with the T. asperellum. Moreover, the population density of F. oxysporum was also significantly reduced by 60 and 80.19% while using T. asperellum after 75 and 260 days of sowing of saffron corms, compared to its population before planting of corms. In case of growth promotion traits, such as sprouting and flowering, biocontrol treatments reduced the number of days (average) of sprouting and flower emergence after sowing, compared to control.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly Management of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Using Dried Powder of the Wild Arid-Land Medicinal Shrub Rhazya stricta

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 2613-2621
Author(s):  
Raja Asad Ali Khan ◽  
Syed Sartaj Alam ◽  
Sania Hayat ◽  
Musharaf Ahmad ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Arid Land ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Rhazya Stricta

Bacterial wilt (BW) disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex is a devastating plant disease that inflicts heavy losses to the large number of economic host plants it infects. In this study, the potential of dried powder of the arid-land medicinal shrub Rhazya stricta to control BW of tomato was explored. Both, in vitro and in planta studies were conducted, using different concentrations of dried powder of plant parts, and applied (surface mulched or mixed) to infested soil at 0, 10, and 20 days before transplanting (DBT). Aqueous extract of leaves (16% w/v) was found to be as effective as streptomycin (100 ppm) in inhibiting the in vitro growth of R. solanacearum. As evident from the scanning electron micrograph, 16% aqueous extract of leaves produced severe morphological changes, such as rupture of the bacterial cell walls. Results from the greenhouse experiments demonstrated that the higher powder dose (succulent shoot), namely, 30 g/kg of soil mixed with infested soil 20 DBT, was found to be the most effective in controlling BW. It increased root length (cm), shoot length (cm), and plant fresh biomass (g) by 55, 42, and 40%, respectively, over control plants. Mixing of plant powder with the artificially infested (35 ml of 108 CFU/ml per kilogram of soil) pot soil was better than surface mulching. The 30 g/kg of soil dose mixed with soil increased root length (cm), shoot length (cm), and plant fresh biomass (g) of treated plants by 67, 36, and 46%, respectively, over control plants. A 37% decrease in disease severity over the control was observed with drench application of 30 g of powder per kilogram of soil applied once at 20 DBT. Our results indicated that the dried powder (30 g/kg of soil) of leaves or succulent shoots of R. stricta, thoroughly mixed with soil, 20 DBT, could act as an effective control method against BW.

scholarly journals VEGF/Flk1 Mechanism is Involved in Roxarsone Promotion of Rat Endothelial Cell Growth and B16F10 Xenograft Tumor Angiogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihao Chen ◽  
Jinge Xu ◽  
Qianhan Wei ◽  
Zeting Zhao ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Mouse Xenograft Model ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe potential angiogenic effect of roxarsone, a feed additive widely used to promote animal growth worldwide, was demonstrated recently. We explored the mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) in roxarsone promotion of rat vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and B16F10 mouse xenografts. ECs were treated with 0.1–50 μM roxarsone or with roxarsone plus 10 ng/mL VEGF, VEGFR1 (Flt1), or VEGFR2 (Flk1) antibodies for 12–48 h to examine their role in cell growth promotion. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Vegf, Flt1, and Flk1 were transfected in the ECs, and we measured the expression level, cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability. The siRNA targeting Vegf or Flk1 were injected intratumorally in the B16F10 xenografts of mice that received 25 mg/kg roxarsone orally. Cell viability and VEGF expression following roxarsone treatment were significantly higher than that of the control (P < 0.05), peaking following treatment with 1.0 μM roxarsone. Compared to roxarsone alone, the VEGF antibody decreased cell promotion by roxarsone (P < 0.05), and the Flk1 antibody greatly reduced cell viability compared to the Flt1 antibody (P < 0.01). Roxarsone and Flk1 antibody co-treatment increased supernatant VEGF significantly, while cellular VEGF was obviously decreased (P < 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference following Flt1 antibody blockade. The siRNA against Vegf or Flk1 significantly attenuated the roxarsone promotion effects on EC proliferation, migration, and tube-like formation (P < 0.01), whereas the siRNA against Flt1 effected no obvious differences. Furthermore, the RNA interference significantly weakened the roxarsone-induced increase in xenograft weight and volume, and VEGF and Flk1 expression. Roxarsone promotion of rat EC growth, migration, and tube-like formation in vitro and of B16F10 mouse xenograft model tumor growth and angiogenesis involves a VEGF/Flk1 mechanism.

scholarly journals In vitro callus initiation and regeneration of potato

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
AU Haque ◽  
MA Ehsanul Samad ◽  
TL Shapla
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Leaf Explant ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants ◽  
Internode Explants

The first experiment involving different explants and concentrations of 2,4-D and kinetin showed highly significant differences for length and weight of callus formed except interaction of callus weight. Leaf explant appeared to be best of all for callus length and weight when 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.25 mg/L kinetin concentration was used. Similarly, different explants versus different concentrations of BAP/GA3/IAA showed significant differences for shoot length and leaf number per plantlet and also for root length. However, interaction term confirmed node and node/internode explants produced better results in shoot length and number of leaves per plantlet when concentrations 1 .0 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L GA3 and 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.2 mg/L GA3, 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.4 mg/L GA3, respectively, were used. Similarly, internode explants produced better results for root length after 21 days plantlet-1 when concentration of 1.0 mg/L IAA + 0.25 mg/L GA3 was used. Shoot tip explants also produced better results in root length after 28 days plantlet-1 when concentrations 1.0 mg/L IAA + 0.25 mg/L GA3 were used. Key Words: In vitro, callus initiation, regeneration, potato. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3971 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(3) : 449-456, September 2009

Cadmium effects onIchthyophthirius: evidence for metal-sequestration in fish tissues following administration of recombinant vaccines

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (7) ◽  
pp. S87-S93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. BISHARYAN ◽  
Q. CHEN ◽  
M. M. HOSSAIN ◽  
A. PAPOYAN ◽  
T. G. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Recombinant Vaccines ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
Metal Sequestration ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight

We are developingTetrahymena thermophilaas a delivery system for recombinant vaccines against parasitic protozoa, including the common fish parasite,Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. T. thermophilacell lines expressingI. multifiliisgenes under the control of a cadmium-inducible metallothionein gene promoter conferred strong protection against a lethal parasite challenge when administered parenterally to naïve fish. Nevertheless, given that heavy metals can be toxic to parasites, a question arose as to whether protection resulted from Cd residues carried over with the vaccine, rather than acquired immunityper se. To address this issue, we examined the sensitivity ofI. multifiliisto Cdin vitroand determined Cd concentrations in different host tissues following i.p. injection of juvenile channel catfish with the recombinant vaccine. We found that CdCl2at concentrations [ges ]50 ppb were lethal toI. multifiliistherontsin vitro. Furthermore, Cd concentrations were clearly elevated in fish tissues and reached levels equivalent to 74 ng/g wet weight (74 ppb) in the skin within 14 days of injection with recombinantT. thermophila. Nevertheless, fish injected with non-transformedTetrahymenagrown in the presence or absence of CdCl2showed no significant difference in either relative survival or parasite load following direct challenge withI. multifiliis.

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