scholarly journals Application of Geographic Information Systems to Identify the Oversummering Regions of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 1168-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boning Li ◽  
Xueren Cao ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Yilin Zhou ◽  
Xiayu Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
The Relationship

Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, the pathogen that causes wheat powdery mildew, can oversummer as mycelia or conidia on leaves of volunteer wheat plants in cool mountainous areas in China. In this study, the regions in China where B. graminis f. sp. tritici can oversummer were identified on the basis of the probability that temperature remains below a critical temperature that is lethal to B. graminis f. sp. tritici. Two methods, one describing the relationship between the average temperature (20 to 26°C) in a given continuous 10-day period and wheat powdery mildew severity, the other describing the relationship between the average temperature (26 to 33°C) and the number of lethal days on powdery mildew development, were used to calculate the oversummering probability using weather data for 743 sites across China. Spatial interpolation based on the ordinary kriging method was conducted for the regions without observation. Oversummering probability values were similar for most locations estimated between the two methods. The B. graminis f. sp. tritici oversummering regions in China were identified to be in mountainous or high-elevation areas, including most regions of Yunnan, west and central areas of Guizhou, south and northwest Sichuan, south and east Gansu, south Ningxia, north and west Shaanxi, central-north Shanxi, west Henan and Hubei, and some regions in Qinghai, Tibet, and Xinjiang. When the oversummering sites from this study were compared with observed survey data for some of these sites, about 90% of sites where B. graminis f. sp. tritici oversummering was observed had been found suitable by both methods. The coincidence frequency and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for model 2 were higher, albeit only slightly, than those for model 1. Thus, both methods may be used to assist in disease management and further investigation on pathogen oversummering.

Changes in sterol composition with ontogeny of Blumeria graminis conidia

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1288-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Muchembled ◽  
Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui ◽  
Anne Grandmougin-Ferjani ◽  
Michel Sancholle
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Total Sterol ◽  
Sterol Composition ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew

The total sterol composition of conidia of the obligate plant pathogen Blumeria (= Erysiphe) graminis f.sp. tritici has been analysed as a function of their ontogeny during sporulation. Two main classes of sterols were characterized: 24-ethylsterols (24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dienol, 24-ethylcholesterol, and Δ5-avenasterol) and 24-methylsterols (24-methylenecholesterol and episterol). Our results show that sterol composition is greatly modified during ontogeny of B. graminis conidia both at the qualitative and quantitative levels. In particular, 24-methylsterols, e.g., 24-methylenecholesterol and episterol, are the major sterols in old conidia whereas 24-ethylsterols, e.g., 24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dienol, 24-ethylcholesterol, and Δ5-avenasterol, are the main sterols in young conidia.Key words: Erysiphe, wheat powdery mildew, sterols, ontogeny.

scholarly journals The serum homocysteine level in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after thrombolysis and its relationship with clinical outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Cong ◽  
Hong-Zhao ◽  
Yu-Wang ◽  
Yu-Li ◽  
Xin-Sui
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Thrombolytic Treatment ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
High Level Group ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Group

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate whether hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) affects the outcomes of the thrombolytic treatment for patients with AIS. METHODS A sample of 120 AIS patients were recruited and grouped according to their serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was obtained before treatment and 7 days after it to evaluate neurological outcomes; modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was obtained 12 weeks later to assess functional outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to demonstrate the relationship between serum Hcy level and the outcomes after tPA treatment. RESULTS The serum Hcy level of 120 patients was of 27.57±20.17μmol/L. The NIHSS scores of the patients in the low Hcy level group were remarkably lower compared to those in the high-level group (p<0.05), after 7 days of treatment. In addition, the mRS scores of the patients in the low Hcy level group, after 12 weeks, were remarkably lower compared to those in the high-level group (p<0.01). ROC demonstrated that the serum Hcy level is related to the clinical outcomes of thrombolytic treatment with moderate specificity (80.3%) and sensitivity (58.2%). CONCLUSION In conclusion, higher serum Hcy levels can indicate poorer clinical outcomes of thrombolytic treatment in patients with AIS.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance to powdery mildew and identification of resistance genes in wheat cultivars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Qiang Bian ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Xin Yu Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew

Abstract Background: Wheat powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt ), is a serious disease of wheat worldwide that can cause significant yield losses. Growing resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective and eco-soundly strategy to manage the disease. Therefore, a high breeding priority is to identify genes that can be readily used either singly or in combination for effective resistance to powdery mildew and alos in combination with genes for resistance to other diseases. Yunnan Province, with complex and diverse ecological environments and climates, is one of the main wheat growing regions in China. This region provides initial inoculum for starting epidemics of wheat powdery mildew in the region and other regions and thus, plays a key role in the regional and large-scale epidemics of the disease throughout China. The objectives of this study were to evaluate seedling resistance of 69 main wheat cultivars to powdery mildew and to determine the presence of resistance genes Pm3 , Pm8 , Pm13 , Pm16 , and Pm21 in these cultivars using gene specific DNA markers. Results: Evaluation of 69 wheat cultivars with six Bgt isolates showed that only four cultivars were resistant to all tested isolates, indicating that the overall level of powdery mildew resistance of Yunnan wheat cultivars is inadequate. The molecular marker results showed that 27 cultivars likely have at least one of these genes. Six cultivars were found likely to have Pm3 , 18 likely to have Pm8 , 5 likely to have Pm16 , and 3 likely to have Pm21 . No cultivar was found to carry Pm13 . Conclusion: The information on the presence of the Pm resistance genes in Yunnan wheat cultivars can be used in future wheat disease breeding programs. In particular, cultivars carrying Pm21 , which is effective against all Bgt races in China, should be pyramided with other effective genes to developing new cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew. Keywords: Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici , Pm gene, molecular markers, wheat

The value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker of renal damage in patients with H-type hypertension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Ni Chen ◽  
Yi-Ran Huang ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Si-Jin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: To explore the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and renal damage in patients with H-type hypertension. Materials & methods: A total of 618 patients between 2017 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: NLR was significantly correlated with renal damage in hypertension patients. Appropriate cut-off value for NLR (2.247) was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve; linear regression analysis showed that NLR and estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine has a significant negative correlation in H-type hypertension group (p < 0.05); logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of renal damage increased by 10% for each 1 umol/l increase of homocysteine, and 51% for each 1.0 increase of NLR in H-type hypertension patients. Conclusion: NLR worth popularizing in prediction of renal damage in patients with H-type hypertension.

Peak Flow Rate During Induced Cough: A Predictor of Successful Decannulation of a Tracheotomy Tube in Neurosurgical Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Y. Y. Chan ◽  
Alice Y. M. Jones ◽  
Raymond C. K. Chung ◽  
K. N. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Tracheotomy Tube ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Optimal Cutoff Point ◽  
The Relationship

Background An accurate predictor of successful decannulation in neurosurgical patients that indicates the best time for tracheotomy decannulation would minimize the risks of continued cannulation and unsuccessful decannulation. Objective To determine whether the peak flow rate during induced cough is an appropriate predictor of successful decannulation. Methods A total of 32 neurosurgical patients with a tracheotomy were enrolled. The highest peak expiratory flow rate during 3 induced coughs, the total volume of tracheal secretions collected in 6 hours, and scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the relationship between these variables and successful decannulation (reintubation not required within 72 hours). Results Decannulation was attempted in 23 of 32 patients. The remaining 9 patients were considered clinically inappropriate for the procedure. Of the 23 patients decannulated, 2 required reinsertion of the tracheotomy tube. Analysis revealed that peak flow rate during induced cough (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.23) was independently associated with successful decannulation (accuracy, 75%; sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 54.5%). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated an optimal cutoff point of 29 L/min. Conclusion Measurement of peak flow rate during induced cough is a simple and reproducible intervention that improves predictability of successful decannulation in patients with tracheotomy.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Weather Conditions, Agronomic Practices, and Fermentation Characteristics with Deoxynivalenol Content in Fresh and Ensiled Maize

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mansfield ◽  
E. D. De Wolf ◽  
G. A. Kuldau
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
No Till ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hybrid Development

The deoxynivalenol (DON) content of maize silage was determined in samples collected at harvest and after ensiling in 2001 and 2002 from 30 to 40 Pennsylvania dairies. Information on cultural practices, hybrid maturity, planting, and harvest date was collected from each site. Site-specific weather data and a corn development model were used to estimate hybrid development at each site. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between weather data, hybrid development, cultural practices and preharvest DON. Fermentation characteristics (moisture, pH, and so on) of ensiled samples were measured to study their relationship to postharvest DON contamination. No significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was noted between the numbers of samples containing DON in 2001 and 2002, although concentration was higher in 2002 samples. A positive correlation was observed between DON concentration of harvest samples and daily average temperature, minimum temperature, and growing degree day during tasselling, silking, and milk stages. A negative correlation was observed between daily average precipitation at blister stage and DON concentration in harvest samples. Samples from no-till or minimum-till locations had higher DON concentrations than moldboard or mixed-till locations. Harvest samples had higher DON concentration than ensiled samples, suggesting that some physical, chemical, or microbiological changes, resulting from ensiling, may reduce DON in storage.

scholarly journals Stratified Threshold Values of QuantiFERON Assay for Diagnosing Tuberculosis Infection in Immunocompromised Populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruyuki Ariga ◽  
Hideaki Nagai ◽  
Atsuyuki Kurashima ◽  
Yoshihiko Hoshino ◽  
Syunsuke Shoji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background. The detection of latent tuberculosis (TB) is essential for TB control, but T-cell assay might be influenced by degree of immunosuppression. The relationship between immunocompetence and interferon (IFN)-γ response in QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) is uncertain, especially in HIV-negative populations.Methods and Results. QFT has been performed for healthy subjects and TB suspected patients. Of 3017 patients, 727 were diagnosed as pulmonary TB by culture. The absolute number of blood lymphocyte in TB patients was significantly associated with QFT. Definitive TB patients were divided into eight groups according to lymphocyte counts. For each subgroup, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted from 357 healthy control subjects. The optimal cut-off for the patient group with adequate lymphocyte counts was found, but this was reduced for lymphocytopenia.Conclusions. The lymphocyte count was positively associated with QFT. Positive criteria should be calibrated in consideration of cell-mediated immunocompetence and risk of progression to active TB.

scholarly journals Predicting diagnostic gene Biomarkers associated with N6-methyladenosine and ferroptosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Tong ◽  
Xin Yi Zhao ◽  
Li Jin Zhou ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
Jian Bin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Upregulated Genes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background This study aimed to provide an early potential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and determine its correlation with ferroptosis, immune checkpoints, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A). Methods We downloaded microarray data from NCBI (GSE61144, GSE60993, and GSE42148) and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in samples from healthy subjects and patients with AMI. We also performed systematic gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses and used STRING to predict the interactions between proteins. Then we proceeded with the identification of the first ten DEGs by plotting the receiver operating characteristic curve using the multi-scale curvature classification algorithm, and verification of their diagnostic significance. Next, we investigated the relationship between these target genes and immune checkpoints, ferroptosis, and m6A. Results Through screening, we identified 253 DEGs, including 181 downregulated and 72 upregulated genes. According to GO, KEGG, and key gene screening results, GZMB, GZMA, PRF1, KLRB1, CD2, KLRD1, IL2RB, NKG7, GZMK, and CCL5 could be used for early prediction of AMI. Moreover, we found that AMI was associated with ferroptosis, immune checkpoints, and m6A. Conclusion GZMB, GZMA, PRF1, KLRB1, CD2, KLRD1, IL2RB, NKG7, GZMK, and CCL5 are effective markers for the diagnosis of AMI, which can provide new prospects for future studies on the pathogenesis of AMI.

scholarly journals Triglyceride to HDL-C Ratio Is Associated with Plasma D-Dimer Levels in Different Types of Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Single-Centered Study in China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Jia ◽  
Xiaoting Zhang ◽  
Dalong Sun ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Na Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract BackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the relationship between D-dimer and dyslipidemia, especially triglyceride to HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C) in different types of pancreatitis. We analyzed the D-dimer and dyslipidemia levels in acute pancreatitis (AP), recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Material and MethodsA single-centered retrospective study was conducted on 1013 patients diagnosed with AP, RAP or CP. Only patients hospitalized within 24 h of onset were included, and 204 patients were enrolled in pancreatitis groups. 68 normal persons without pancreatitis, malignant diseases, pregnancy, or organ failure, who had health check-ups, were enrolled in the control group. Blood samples were taken within 24h of admission. The epidemiology and etiology were analyzed. D-dimer and dyslipidemia levels were compared between different types of pancreatitis. Furthermore, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to estimate the validity of the predictor and to define optimal cut-off points for prediction.ResultsWe found that D-dimer and TG/HDL-C ratio could distinguish mild AP (MAP) and non-MAP in AP and RAP patients. The D-dimer level was related to TG/HDL-C ratio and severity of pancreatitis, with the coefficient correlation of 0.379 and 0.427(p<0.01), respectively. TG/HDL-C was related to D-dimer in different types of pancreatitis. Multivariate analysis was conducted in the parameters at admission like alcohol abuse, dyslipidemia and coagulation disturbance in distinguishing AP and RAP groups from the control group, and the parameter like diabetes in RAP and CP groups significantly increased compared with that of the control group. ConclusionsThe value of D-dimer level and TG/HDL-C ratio in predicting the severity of AP and RAP was confirmed but there was no significant difference between CP group and the control group. The D-dimer level was related to dyslipidemia and TG/HDL-C ratio.

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