scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Blight Caused by Alternaria longipes on Carrots in Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-186
Author(s):  
H. Vintal ◽  
D. Shtienberg ◽  
E. Shlevin ◽  
E. Ben-Noon
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blight ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Alternaria Dauci ◽  
Foliar Pathogens ◽  
Made In

Alternaria leaf blight, caused by Alternaria dauci (Köhn) Groves & Skolko, is one of the most devastating foliar pathogens of carrots (Daucus carota L.). Lesions appear as minute, necrotic, dark brown spots often initiated on the edge of the leaflet blade. They later enlarge in size and may merge into a large necrotic area, causing shriveling of the entire leaflet (1). In summer 2000, observations made in several carrot fields in the northwestern part of the Negev Region in Israel revealed infections that were atypical for A. dauci because they were initiated primarily in the middle section of the leaflet blade and were surrounded by a large yellowish area. A. longipes (Ellis & Everh.) E. Mason was consistently isolated from the lesions. Occasionally both A. longipes and A. dauci developed on the same leaves. The two pathogens differed in conidial morphology (size and shape of spore and beak) when cultured on potato dextrose agar medium. One hundred conidia of each species were measured. A. dauci conidia were 100 to 450 μm long and 6 to 15 μm wide, with a beak of up to 3 times the length of the conidium; A. longipes conidia were 35 to 110 μm long and 11 to 21 μm wide, and the beak measured one-third to one-half the length of the conidium. These measurements corresponded to the sizes listed previously (2). Inoculation of greenhouse-grown plants and completion of Koch's postulates confirmed that A. longipes is pathogenic to carrots. Conidia of both species germinated at temperatures from 5 to 36°C. In vitro tests revealed that A. longipes was less sensitive than A. dauci to fungicides commonly used in Israel in carrot fields. A fifty percent effective dose of chlorothalonil and difenoconazole was 3.0 and 0.2 μg a.i./ml, respectively, for mycelia growth of A. dauci, whereas the corresponding values for A. longipes were 10.5 and 3.0 μg a.i./ml, respectively. The prevalence of A. longipes in carrot fields and the influence of this pathogen on yields are currently not known. References: (1) I. Barash et al. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 19:7, 1981. (2) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CMI. Kew, Surrey, England, 1971.

scholarly journals Study of Surface Structure Changes for Selected Ceramics Used in the CAD/CAM System on the Degree of Microbial Colonization, In Vitro Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Maciej Dobrzynski ◽  
Magdalena Pajaczkowska ◽  
Joanna Nowicka ◽  
Aleksander Jaworski ◽  
Piotr Kosior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Made In

In the article has been presented an analysis of susceptibility of selected dental materials, made in the CAD/CAM technology. The morphology and structural properties of selected dental materials and their composites were determined by using XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction) techniques, as well as the IR (infrared) spectroscopy. Moreover, an adhesion as well as development of biofilm by oral microorganisms has been studied. It has been shown that a degree of the biofilm development on the tested dental materials depended on microorganism genus and species. Streptococcus mutans has demonstrated the best adhesion to the tested materials in comparison with Candida albicans and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. However, the sintered materials such as IPS e.max® and the polished IPS e.max® have showed the best “anti-adhesive properties” in relation to S. mutans and L. rhamnosus that have not formed the biofilm on the polished IPS e.max® sample. Furthermore, S. mutans have not formed the biofilm on both surfaces. On the contrary to S. mutans and L. rhamnosus, C. albicans has demonstrated the adhesive properties in relation to the above-mentioned surfaces. Moreover, in contrast to S. mutans and C. albicans, L. rhamnosus has not formed the biofilm on the polished IPS Empress material.

An Automatic Suturing Machine for Intestinal Anastomosis: Advantages Compared With Hand-Suturing Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Mosafer Khoorjestan ◽  
Gholamreza Rouhi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Intestinal Anastomosis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
System A ◽  
Expert Surgeon ◽  
Suturing Methods ◽  
Made In

One of the main procedures in intestinal surgery is anastomosis, which is mostly performed by stapling or hand suturing. Due to limitations of these methods, a novel automatic suturing machine was designed and fabricated in this study, equipped with a needle-driving system; a thread control mechanism, and a linear mechanism, which is applicable in intestinal anastomosis by making continuous sutures. The main advantages of the fabricated machine are employing biocompatible suture, from the tissue’s adaptation point of view, and making a uniform suturing pattern, independent of surgeon’s skill, and thus offering a greater strength than the hand-sutured specimen. In order to evaluate the capability of the fabricated machine and investigate the validity of the hypothesis made in this study, that is, a more uniform suture will result in a greater mechanical strength of the sutured tissue, in vitro tests were performed on human intestine specimens, which were manually sutured by an expert surgeon and by the automatic suturing machine. The tensile tests with an elongation rate of 5 mm/min were done for 90 specimens, in 9 groups with various suturing configurations. The optimum pattern, from the mechanical strength point of view, was found to be the same in both manual and automatic suturing methods, that is, h7 d6 ( h = distance of suture from the edge of the tissue = 7 mm, and d = distance between stitches = 6 mm). It was also shown that the maximum breaking strength, for the best suturing pattern, h7 d6, is significantly greater when the automatic suturing machine was employed, compared with the hand-sutured tissue ( P < .001).

scholarly journals Anthracnose on Wintercreeper Euonymus is not Reduced with Polyethylene Sheeting or Sodium Hypochlorite

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Janet C. Cole ◽  
Cheryl R. Boyer ◽  
Mark E. Payton ◽  
Kenneth E. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Gravel Beds ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Euonymus Fortunei

Abstract Wintercreeper euonymus (Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. ‘Emerald ‘n Gold’) plants were grown in containers on gravel beds that were covered or not covered with black polyethylene sheeting. Half of the beds in each bed treatment were sprayed with a 0.6% sodium hypochlorite (10% bleach) solution immediately after rating plants or performing needed cultural practices such as shearing and weeding (about monthly) to attempt to suppress anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. Plants were rated for disease severity monthly from May through September at one site in 2005 and at two sites in 2006. Presence or absence of polyethylene sheeting or sodium hypochlorite did not affect disease ratings. Disease ratings increased curvilinearly as the growing season progressed. In vitro tests showed that sodium hypochlorite did not inhibit mycelia growth of C. gloeosporioides but eliminated conidial germination.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A Analogues: A Brief Review of their Occurrence in Food, Biological Samples and Endocrine Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Nikola Knizatova ◽  
Katarína Tokárová ◽  
Hana Greifová ◽  
Tomáš Jambor ◽  
Peter Massányi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Made In

Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most well-known compound from the bisphenol family. There is increasing evidence that bisphenol BPA used in plastics, receipts, food packaging, and other products might be harmful to human health due to its actions as an endocrine-disrupting chemical, therefore BPA is being replaced by compounds very similar in structure, but data on the occurrence and effects of these BPA analogs are limited. Therefore, there is increasing concern regarding human exposure to bisphenol analogs (BPs) due to their widespread use and potential adverse effects. The main objective of this work was to investigate human exposure to BPs and the associated endocrine activities. We performed a literature review of the available research made in humans, in in vivo and in vitro tests. The findings support the idea that exposure to BPs may have an impact on human health, especially in terms of endocrine disruption.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A Analogues in Food and Their Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andújar ◽  
Gálvez-Ontiveros ◽  
Zafra-Gómez ◽  
Rodrigo ◽  
Álvarez-Cubero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Made In

Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most well-known compound from the bisphenol family. As BPA has recently come under pressure, it is being replaced by compounds very similar in structure, but data on the occurrence of these BPA analogues in food and human matrices are limited. The main objective of this work was to investigate human exposure to BPA and analogues and the associated health effects. We performed a literature review of the available research made in humans, in in vivo and in vitro tests. The findings support the idea that exposure to BPA analogues may have an impact on human health, especially in terms of obesity and other adverse health effects in children.

Effect of prostacyclin on pulmonary vascular response to thrombin in awake sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 546-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Perlman ◽  
S. K. Lo ◽  
A. B. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Neutrophil Chemotaxis ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Protein Clearance ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Made In

We determined the effects of infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) and 6-alpha-carba-PGI2 (6-cPGI2), a stable PGI2 analogue, on pulmonary transvascular fluid and protein fluxes after intravascular coagulation induced by thrombin. Studies were made in control awake sheep prepared with lung lymph fistulas (n = 6) and in similarly prepared awake sheep pretreated with either 6-cPGI2 (n = 5) or PGI2 (n = 5). Both prostacyclin compounds (500 ng X kg-1 X min-1) were infused intravenously. All groups were challenged with 80 U/kg thrombin. Pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym), lymph protein clearance (Qlym X lymph/plasma protein concentration ratio), and neutrophil and platelet counts were determined. In vitro tests assessed sheep neutrophil chemotaxis and chemiluminescence and platelet aggregation. In both 6-cPGI2 and PGI2 groups, the increases in Qlym after thrombin were less than those in the control group. The increase in lymph protein clearance in the 6-cPGI2 group was the same as that in control, whereas the increase in clearance in the PGI2 group was reduced. PVR and Ppa increased to a greater extent in the 6-cPGI2 group than in the control group, whereas the increases in PVR and Ppa were inhibited in the PGI2 group. Neutrophil and platelet counts decreased after thrombin in PGI2 and 6-cPGI2 groups, as they did in the control group. Neither 6-cPGI2 altered neutrophil chemotaxis induced by thrombin and chemiluminescence induced by opsonized zymosan. Both prostacyclin compounds inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP or thrombin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Mineraloid Isolate, in vitro and in Genetically Diabetic Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Deneau ◽  
Taufeeq Ahmed ◽  
Roger Blotsky ◽  
Krzysztof Bojanowski
Keyword(s):  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Genetically Diabetic Mice

Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease mediated through multiple molecular pathways. Here, we report anti-diabetic effect of a standardized isolate from a fossil material - a mineraloid leonardite - in in vitro tests and in genetically diabetic mice. The mineraloid isolate stimulated mitochondrial metabolism in human fibroblasts and this stimulation correlated with enhanced expression of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthases and ribosomal protein precursors, as measured by DNA microarrays. In the diabetic animal model, consumption of the Totala isolate resulted in decreased weight gain, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. To our best knowledge, this is the first description ever of a fossil material having anti-diabetic activity in pre-clinical models.

Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R MacGregor ◽  
J M Ferguson ◽  
L F McLaughlin ◽  
T Burnouf ◽  
C V Prowse
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

A Comparison of the in Vitro and in Vivo Thrombogenic Activity of Factor IX Concentrates Using Stasis (Wessler) and Non-Stasis Rabbit Models

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 081-086 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Prowse ◽  
A E Williams
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Low Activity

SummaryThe thrombogenic effects of selected factor IX concentrates were evaluated in two rabbit models; the Wessler stasis model and a novel non-stasis model. Concentrates active in either the NAPTT or TGt50 in vitro tests of potential thrombogenicity, or both, caused thrombus formation in the Wessler technique and activation of the coagulation system in the non-stasis model. A concentrate with low activity in both in vitro tests did not have thrombogenic effects in vivo, at the chosen dose. Results in the non-stasis model suggested that the thrombogenic effects of factor IX concentrates may occur by at least two mechanisms. A concentrate prepared from platelet-rich plasma and a pyrogenic concentrate were also tested and found to have no thrombogenic effect in vivo.These studies justify the use of the NAPTT and TGt50 in vitro tests for the screening of factor IX concentrates prior to clinical use.

In Vitro Thrombogenicity Tests of Factor IX Concentrates

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1355-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Prowse ◽  
A Chirnside ◽  
R A Elton
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Factor Viii Inhibitor ◽  
Factor Ixa ◽  
Viii Inhibitor

SummaryVarious factor IX concentrates have been examined in a number of in vitro tests of thrombogenicity. The results suggest that some tests are superfluous as in concentrates with activity in any of these tests activation is revealed by a combination of the non-activated partial thromboplastin time, the thrombin (or Xa) generation time and factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity tests. Assay of individual coagulant enzymes revealed that most concentrates contained more factor IXa than Xa. However only a small number of concentrates, chiefly those that had been purposefully activated, contained appreciable amounts of either enzyme.

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