An Automatic Suturing Machine for Intestinal Anastomosis: Advantages Compared With Hand-Suturing Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Mosafer Khoorjestan ◽  
Gholamreza Rouhi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Intestinal Anastomosis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
System A ◽  
Expert Surgeon ◽  
Suturing Methods ◽  
Made In

One of the main procedures in intestinal surgery is anastomosis, which is mostly performed by stapling or hand suturing. Due to limitations of these methods, a novel automatic suturing machine was designed and fabricated in this study, equipped with a needle-driving system; a thread control mechanism, and a linear mechanism, which is applicable in intestinal anastomosis by making continuous sutures. The main advantages of the fabricated machine are employing biocompatible suture, from the tissue’s adaptation point of view, and making a uniform suturing pattern, independent of surgeon’s skill, and thus offering a greater strength than the hand-sutured specimen. In order to evaluate the capability of the fabricated machine and investigate the validity of the hypothesis made in this study, that is, a more uniform suture will result in a greater mechanical strength of the sutured tissue, in vitro tests were performed on human intestine specimens, which were manually sutured by an expert surgeon and by the automatic suturing machine. The tensile tests with an elongation rate of 5 mm/min were done for 90 specimens, in 9 groups with various suturing configurations. The optimum pattern, from the mechanical strength point of view, was found to be the same in both manual and automatic suturing methods, that is, h7 d6 ( h = distance of suture from the edge of the tissue = 7 mm, and d = distance between stitches = 6 mm). It was also shown that the maximum breaking strength, for the best suturing pattern, h7 d6, is significantly greater when the automatic suturing machine was employed, compared with the hand-sutured tissue ( P < .001).

scholarly journals Study of Surface Structure Changes for Selected Ceramics Used in the CAD/CAM System on the Degree of Microbial Colonization, In Vitro Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Maciej Dobrzynski ◽  
Magdalena Pajaczkowska ◽  
Joanna Nowicka ◽  
Aleksander Jaworski ◽  
Piotr Kosior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Made In

In the article has been presented an analysis of susceptibility of selected dental materials, made in the CAD/CAM technology. The morphology and structural properties of selected dental materials and their composites were determined by using XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction) techniques, as well as the IR (infrared) spectroscopy. Moreover, an adhesion as well as development of biofilm by oral microorganisms has been studied. It has been shown that a degree of the biofilm development on the tested dental materials depended on microorganism genus and species. Streptococcus mutans has demonstrated the best adhesion to the tested materials in comparison with Candida albicans and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. However, the sintered materials such as IPS e.max® and the polished IPS e.max® have showed the best “anti-adhesive properties” in relation to S. mutans and L. rhamnosus that have not formed the biofilm on the polished IPS e.max® sample. Furthermore, S. mutans have not formed the biofilm on both surfaces. On the contrary to S. mutans and L. rhamnosus, C. albicans has demonstrated the adhesive properties in relation to the above-mentioned surfaces. Moreover, in contrast to S. mutans and C. albicans, L. rhamnosus has not formed the biofilm on the polished IPS Empress material.

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Blight Caused by Alternaria longipes on Carrots in Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-186
Author(s):  
H. Vintal ◽  
D. Shtienberg ◽  
E. Shlevin ◽  
E. Ben-Noon
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blight ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Alternaria Dauci ◽  
Foliar Pathogens ◽  
Made In

Alternaria leaf blight, caused by Alternaria dauci (Köhn) Groves & Skolko, is one of the most devastating foliar pathogens of carrots (Daucus carota L.). Lesions appear as minute, necrotic, dark brown spots often initiated on the edge of the leaflet blade. They later enlarge in size and may merge into a large necrotic area, causing shriveling of the entire leaflet (1). In summer 2000, observations made in several carrot fields in the northwestern part of the Negev Region in Israel revealed infections that were atypical for A. dauci because they were initiated primarily in the middle section of the leaflet blade and were surrounded by a large yellowish area. A. longipes (Ellis & Everh.) E. Mason was consistently isolated from the lesions. Occasionally both A. longipes and A. dauci developed on the same leaves. The two pathogens differed in conidial morphology (size and shape of spore and beak) when cultured on potato dextrose agar medium. One hundred conidia of each species were measured. A. dauci conidia were 100 to 450 μm long and 6 to 15 μm wide, with a beak of up to 3 times the length of the conidium; A. longipes conidia were 35 to 110 μm long and 11 to 21 μm wide, and the beak measured one-third to one-half the length of the conidium. These measurements corresponded to the sizes listed previously (2). Inoculation of greenhouse-grown plants and completion of Koch's postulates confirmed that A. longipes is pathogenic to carrots. Conidia of both species germinated at temperatures from 5 to 36°C. In vitro tests revealed that A. longipes was less sensitive than A. dauci to fungicides commonly used in Israel in carrot fields. A fifty percent effective dose of chlorothalonil and difenoconazole was 3.0 and 0.2 μg a.i./ml, respectively, for mycelia growth of A. dauci, whereas the corresponding values for A. longipes were 10.5 and 3.0 μg a.i./ml, respectively. The prevalence of A. longipes in carrot fields and the influence of this pathogen on yields are currently not known. References: (1) I. Barash et al. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 19:7, 1981. (2) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CMI. Kew, Surrey, England, 1971.

Effect Of Tissue Culture Irradiation On Orientation Of Cytoskeletal Fibers In Migrating Sheets Of Endothelial Cells

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Gotlieb
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Front Edge ◽  
Wound Edge ◽  
System A ◽  
Reduce Cell Proliferation ◽  
Made In

Irradiation of endothelial cells (EC) in tissue culture has been used to markedly reduce cell proliferation in order to study the effects of substances on the regulation of EC migration. Since irradiated EC (IRR-EC) migrate the same distance as do non-irradiated EC (NIRR-EC) over periods of up to six days, it is assumed that EC migration is not effected by irradiation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of irradiation on the cytoskeleton of migrating EC. The in-vitro experimental wound technique was used as a model system. A linear wound was made in confluent cultures of porcine thoracic aortic EC. EC were observed to migrate into the wound as a cohesive sheet of cells with only a few free unattached cells being present along the front edge of the wound. Cultures were irradiated one hour before wounding with 1500 rads. NIRR-EC migrated the same distance as did the IRR-EC although the latter were much flatter and each IRR-EC covered a larger surface than did the NIRR-EC. The orientation of cytoskeletal fiber bundles localized by immunofluorescence microscopy using antisera produced against electrophoretically purified porcine uterine myosin and chicken gizzard tropomyosin were different when comparing migrating IRR and NIRR-EC in the first row of the endothelial sheet. At 44 hours after wounding myosin localization showed that the main myosin stained fibers in 89% of the IRR-EC were roughly parallel to the wound edge while 11% were roughtly perpendicular to the wound edge. In NIRR-EC the figures were 54% and 46% respectively. Tropomyosin localization showed a similar diffence, 73% and 27% in IRR-EC and 45% and 55% in NIRR-EC. The data shows that there are differences in the extent of spreading of and in the orientation of cytoskeletal fiber bundles in migrating IRR-EC. These differences may reflect different cytoskeletal processes involved during migration of IRR and NIRR-EC.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A Analogues: A Brief Review of their Occurrence in Food, Biological Samples and Endocrine Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Nikola Knizatova ◽  
Katarína Tokárová ◽  
Hana Greifová ◽  
Tomáš Jambor ◽  
Peter Massányi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Made In

Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most well-known compound from the bisphenol family. There is increasing evidence that bisphenol BPA used in plastics, receipts, food packaging, and other products might be harmful to human health due to its actions as an endocrine-disrupting chemical, therefore BPA is being replaced by compounds very similar in structure, but data on the occurrence and effects of these BPA analogs are limited. Therefore, there is increasing concern regarding human exposure to bisphenol analogs (BPs) due to their widespread use and potential adverse effects. The main objective of this work was to investigate human exposure to BPs and the associated endocrine activities. We performed a literature review of the available research made in humans, in in vivo and in vitro tests. The findings support the idea that exposure to BPs may have an impact on human health, especially in terms of endocrine disruption.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A Analogues in Food and Their Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andújar ◽  
Gálvez-Ontiveros ◽  
Zafra-Gómez ◽  
Rodrigo ◽  
Álvarez-Cubero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Made In

Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most well-known compound from the bisphenol family. As BPA has recently come under pressure, it is being replaced by compounds very similar in structure, but data on the occurrence of these BPA analogues in food and human matrices are limited. The main objective of this work was to investigate human exposure to BPA and analogues and the associated health effects. We performed a literature review of the available research made in humans, in in vivo and in vitro tests. The findings support the idea that exposure to BPA analogues may have an impact on human health, especially in terms of obesity and other adverse health effects in children.

An investigation of the effects of suture patterns on mechanical strength of intestinal anastomosis: an experimental study

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Mosafer Khoorjestan ◽  
Gholamreza Rouhi ◽  
Karamollah Toolabi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Intestinal Anastomosis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Effective Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edge Distance ◽  
Suture Patterns

AbstractHow the distance of sutures from the edge of tissue and the horizontal distance between stitches affect the mechanical strength of anastomosis is investigated. In this study, 180 bovine intestines were used to investigate the optimum pattern in 18 groups by considering a 4, 6, and 8 mm horizontal distance between stitches, and a 3, 5, and 7 mm distance from the edge of tissue with 3-0 Silk and 3-0 PDS sutures to maximize the strength of anastomosis (10 specimens in each group). Also, 80 specimens were used to investigate the maximum effective distance of sutures from the edge of tissue in eight groups of: 3, 5, 7, and 10 mm distance from the edge, with the same type of sutures. Tensile tests with an elongation rate of 5 mm/min were performed for all the groups. Based on the results, the pattern of 7-6 (distance from the edge-distance between stitches) for both 3-0 Silk and 3-0 PDS, 5-6 and 7-4 for 3-0 Silk, and 5-6 and 7-4 for 3-0 PDS can be considered as the best options among 18 different combinations. It was also found that increasing the distance from the edge from 7 mm to 10 mm does not cause a significant difference in mechanical strength. Results can help surgeons to improve the intestinal anastomosis and employ it as an input for automatic suturing devices.

Functional Evaluation of the Endotics System, a New Disposable Self-Propelled Robotic Colonoscope: in vitro tests and clinical trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felice Cosentino ◽  
Emanuele Tumino ◽  
Giovanni Rubis Passoni ◽  
Elisabetta Morandi ◽  
Alfonso Capria
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Stress Pattern ◽  
Colon Perforation ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
System A ◽  
High Level ◽  
Robotic Colonoscope ◽  
Standard Colonoscopy

Objective Currently, the best method for CRC screening is colonoscopy, which ideally (where possible) is performed under partial or deep sedation. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Endotics System, a new robotic device composed of a workstation and a disposable probe, in performing accurate and well-tolerated colonoscopies. This new system could also be considered a precursor of other innovating vectors for atraumatic locomotion through natural orifices such as the bowel. The flexible probe adapts its shape to the complex contours of the colon, thereby exerting low strenuous forces during its movement. These novel characteristics allow for a painless and safe colonoscopy, thus eliminating all major associated risks such as infection, cardiopulmonary complications and colon perforation. Methods An experimental study was devised to investigate stress pattern differences between traditional and robotic colonoscopy, in which 40 enrolled patients underwent both robotic and standard colonoscopy within the same day. Results The stress pattern related to robotic colonoscopy was 90% lower than that of standard colonoscopy. Additionally, the robotic colonoscopy demonstrated a higher diagnostic accuracy, since, due to the lower insufflation rate, it was able to visualize small polyps and angiodysplasias not seen during the standard colonoscopy. All patients rated the robotic colonoscopy as virtually painless com-pared to the standard colonoscopy, ranking pain and discomfort as 0.9 and 1.1 respectively, on a scale of 0 to 10, versus 6.9 and 6.8 respectively for the standard device. Conclusions The new Endotics System demonstrates efficacy in the diagnosis of colonic pathologies using a procedure nearly completely devoid of pain. Therefore, this system can also be looked upon as the first step toward developing and implementing colonoscopy with atraumatic locomotion through the bowel while maintaining a high level of diagnostic accuracy.

Effect of prostacyclin on pulmonary vascular response to thrombin in awake sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 546-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Perlman ◽  
S. K. Lo ◽  
A. B. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Neutrophil Chemotaxis ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Protein Clearance ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Made In

We determined the effects of infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) and 6-alpha-carba-PGI2 (6-cPGI2), a stable PGI2 analogue, on pulmonary transvascular fluid and protein fluxes after intravascular coagulation induced by thrombin. Studies were made in control awake sheep prepared with lung lymph fistulas (n = 6) and in similarly prepared awake sheep pretreated with either 6-cPGI2 (n = 5) or PGI2 (n = 5). Both prostacyclin compounds (500 ng X kg-1 X min-1) were infused intravenously. All groups were challenged with 80 U/kg thrombin. Pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym), lymph protein clearance (Qlym X lymph/plasma protein concentration ratio), and neutrophil and platelet counts were determined. In vitro tests assessed sheep neutrophil chemotaxis and chemiluminescence and platelet aggregation. In both 6-cPGI2 and PGI2 groups, the increases in Qlym after thrombin were less than those in the control group. The increase in lymph protein clearance in the 6-cPGI2 group was the same as that in control, whereas the increase in clearance in the PGI2 group was reduced. PVR and Ppa increased to a greater extent in the 6-cPGI2 group than in the control group, whereas the increases in PVR and Ppa were inhibited in the PGI2 group. Neutrophil and platelet counts decreased after thrombin in PGI2 and 6-cPGI2 groups, as they did in the control group. Neither 6-cPGI2 altered neutrophil chemotaxis induced by thrombin and chemiluminescence induced by opsonized zymosan. Both prostacyclin compounds inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP or thrombin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

High-resolution electron microscopy of Cu2O surfaces

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
V. Castano ◽  
W. Krakow
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Initial Oxidation ◽  
System A ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Surface Reconstructions ◽  
Atomic Surface ◽  
Au Thin Films

In non-UHV microscope environments atomic surface structure has been observed for flat-on for various orientations of Au thin films and edge-on for columns of atoms in small particles. The problem of oxidation of surfaces has only recently been reported from the point of view of high resolution microscopy revealing surface reconstructions for the Ag2O system. A natural extension of these initial oxidation studies is to explore other materials areas which are technologically more significant such as that of Cu2O, which will now be described.

Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Mineraloid Isolate, in vitro and in Genetically Diabetic Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Deneau ◽  
Taufeeq Ahmed ◽  
Roger Blotsky ◽  
Krzysztof Bojanowski
Keyword(s):  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Genetically Diabetic Mice

Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease mediated through multiple molecular pathways. Here, we report anti-diabetic effect of a standardized isolate from a fossil material - a mineraloid leonardite - in in vitro tests and in genetically diabetic mice. The mineraloid isolate stimulated mitochondrial metabolism in human fibroblasts and this stimulation correlated with enhanced expression of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthases and ribosomal protein precursors, as measured by DNA microarrays. In the diabetic animal model, consumption of the Totala isolate resulted in decreased weight gain, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. To our best knowledge, this is the first description ever of a fossil material having anti-diabetic activity in pre-clinical models.

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