scholarly journals Efficacy of Reduced Rates of Soil-Applied Dimethenamid-P and Pendimethalin Mixture Followed by Postemergence Herbicides in Maize

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Robert Idziak ◽  
Zenon Woznica
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Herbicide Mixture ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field trials were conducted with preemergence dimethanamid-P + pendimethalin (D + P; 850 + 1000 g·ha−1) and reduced rates (637.5 + 750 g·ha−1 and 452 + 500 g·ha−1, 75% and 50% of label rate), followed by strongly reduced rates of postemergence herbicides nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron + dicamba (N + R + D; 4 + 15.6 + 93.5 g·ha−1, 50%), tembotrione (T; 33 g·ha−1, 50%), mesotrione + nicosulfuron (M + N; 37.5 + 15 g·ha−1, 50%), foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron (F + J; 7.5 + 0.25 g·ha−1, 20%), and nikosulfuron (N; 15 g·ha−1, 33%) applied with methylated seed oil (MSO; 1.0 L·ha−1) and ammonium nitrate (AMN; 2 kg·ha−1) on 3–5 leaves of maize to assess weed control, grain yield, and economic net return. Reduced rate of soil-applied herbicide followed by reduced rates of any postemergence herbicides applied with adjuvants was the most efficacious weed control program, provided the highest grain yield of maize and similar or higher economic net return, despite 44 to 48% lower herbicide input than the program based on soil-applied herbicide mixture only. It brings not only notable economic benefits but also less negative impact on the environment.

Tolerance of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Seedlings to Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides with Four Modes of Action

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kendig ◽  
R. L. Nichols ◽  
G. A. Ohmes
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Over The Top

The current dominant weed control program in cotton relies heavily on glyphosate. Typical glyphosate-based weed control programs require repeat applications. A residual herbicide might reduce the number of herbicide applications needed, and potentially reduce costs. Residual herbicides that can be used postemergence in cotton are limited in number, and there are few studies evaluating the response of cotton to over-the-top application of herbicides. A greenhouse study evaluated response of cotton to fluometuron, propazine, metolachlor, pyrithiobac, and glyphosate. Most of these herbicides caused minimal crop injury; however, fluometuron and propazine caused significant visual injury when applied over-the-top at the cotyledon and two-leaf stages, but less injury when applied preemergence. Accepted for publication 5 July 2007. Published 8 November 2007.

scholarly journals Differential responses of two cowpea (Virgina unguiculata L.Walp.) genotypes to pre-emergence herbicides in the savannah woodland and rainforest agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-355
Author(s):  
Dan David. Quee ◽  
Philip Jimia. Kamanda ◽  
Musa Decius. Saffa ◽  
Johnny Ernest. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Savannah Woodland

Field trials were conducted in savannah woodland (Njala) and rainforest (Serabu) agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone during 2016 second cropping season to assess different preemergence herbicides techniques that is efficient, cost effective and environmentally safe in cowpea production. The experiment consisted of 20 treatments which included 2 cowpea genotypes (slipea 4 and slipea 5) and 10 different weed control techniques viz: butachlor 50% emulsifiable concentrate (EC), double force®, power force® applied as preemergence herbicides at 2, 4 and 6 L ha-1, respectively and weedy check. The treatments were laid out in a strip-plot design arranged in a factorial system with three replications. The results of this study revealed that the application of power force® at 6 L ha-1 recorded the highest phytotoxic effect, lowest weed dry weight, number of pods per plant and grain yield, highest total variable cost, lowest gross and net returns. Furthermore, butachlor 50% EC at 2 L ha-1 closely followed by double force® at 6 L ha-1 resulted in maximum grain yield, gross and net returns compared to the rest of the other weed control techniques. Thus, it is concluded that butachlor 50% EC at 2 L ha-1 was more economical, profitable and beneficial than other control treatments in the production of cowpea genotypes in the savannah woodland and rainforest agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone. Conclusively, the relationship between phytotoxicity and grain yield indicates that the higher the grain yield the lower the phytotoxic effects of the chemicals.

scholarly journals Weed control efficacy of hoe weeding and commercially formulated mixture of metolachlor + prometryn herbicide under maize production in soil amended with biochar

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Olusegun Raphael Adeyemi ◽  
David Obaloluwa Hosu ◽  
Patience Mojibade Olorunmaiye ◽  
Adeniyi Adebowale Soretire ◽  
Joseph Aremu Adigun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Manual Weeding

Abstract Successful cultivation of maize depends largely on efficient weed control, adequate supply of essential nutrients and sufficient soil moisture. Screenhouse and field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria during the early and late cropping season of 2013 to evaluate effects of biochar integrated with manual weeding and pre-emergence herbicides on weed control efficiency and productivity of maize. The screenhouse trial was a 6 × 5 factorial experiment fitted into Completely Randomized Design in three replicates. The two factors were biochar: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 t ha−1 and weed control methods: weedy check, hoe weeding at 6 Weeks After Sowing (WAS), hoe weeding at 3, 6, and 9 WAS, pre-emergence herbicide application (Codal Gold) at 1.0 and 2.0 kg a.i./ha−1. The field trial was laid out in split-plot arrangement fitted into Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The three main treatments plots on the field consisted of the optimum rates of biochar obtained in the screenhouse (10 t ha−1) compared with 20 t ha−1 and 0 t ha−1 which served as the control. The sub-plots treatments consisted of weed control methods used in the screen house experiment. Data were collected on grain yield and weed dry matter. The result showed that biochar at 10 and 20 t ha−1 in the screenhouse and field trials, respectively, resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher grain yield compared with other rates tested. Highest grain yield was obtained in pots hoe weeded thrice at 3, 6 and 9 WAS. Whereas similar grain yield was recorded in plot weeded once at 6 WAS and that hoe weeded at 3, 6 and 9 WAS in the field experiment. Biochar application of 20 t ha−1 gave optimum maize yield. Among the weed control treatments manual weeding either at 6 WAS or at 3, 6 and 9 WAS recorded the highest grain yields. Therefore, incorporation of biochar with either preemergence herbicide or manual hoe weeding would enhance the growth and yield of maize.

scholarly journals Intercropping organic field peas with barley, oats and mustard improves weed control but has variable effects on grain yield and net returns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Bailey-Elkin ◽  
Michelle K. Carkner ◽  
Martin Entz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Field Peas

Interest in intercropping semi-leafless field peas (Pisum sativum L.) is increasing as a means of weed control in organic production. We evaluated field pea (cv. CDC Amarillo) grown alone or intercropped with three seeding rates of either barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), or oats (Avena sativa L.). A full seeding rate of field pea was used in each instance, resulting in an additive intercropping design. Each crop combination was conducted in a separate experiment, three times over two years (2019 and 2020) in Carman, Manitoba. Measurements included crop and weed biomass production, grain yield and quality, and net return. Intercrops reduced weed biomass at maturity from 17 to 44% with barley and oats being more suppressive than mustard. Intercrops also reduced field pea yield from 6 to 26%, but increased field pea seed mass. Barley at the high seeding rate provided the most weed suppression per unit of field pea yield loss (2.62 kg of weed suppression per kg of field pea yield loss) compared with oat (1.29) and mustard (0.87). Barley and mustard intercrops decreased net return compared to monoculture field pea. Under low weed pressure (1150 kg ha-1 weed biomass at maturity) and earlier seeding, oat intercrops reduced net return. However, under weedy conditions (2649 kg ha-1) and later seeding, field pea-oat intercrops significantly increased net return. In conclusion, while all three intercrop mixtures reduced weed biomass, reductions in field pea yields were observed, and net return benefits were observed only in certain circumstances.

Integrating Reduced Rates of Postemergence Herbicides and Cultivation for Broadleaf Weed Control in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
Barry D. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

The interaction of reduced rates of bentazon, chlorimuron, imazaquin, and imazethapyr with cultivation for broadleaf weed control in soybeans was investigated in field experiments conducted at three sites in Missouri in 1987 and 1988. Single reduced-rate herbicide applications provided soybean yields equal to full rates although visual weed control was slightly lower. Sequential applications of all four herbicides at reduced rates provided weed control and soybean yields equal to full-rate applications. The number of velvetleaf plants m−2and seeds plant−1were not influenced by herbicide, herbicide rate, or application timing. Cultivation improved weed control and soybean yield and decreased late-season weed populations and seed production.

scholarly journals Weed control and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) in Malete, Kwara State of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oyamedan Imoloame
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
State University ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Statistical Analysis Software ◽  
Range Test

AbstractThe need to determine the minimum application rates of commonly used herbicides in Malete and the Guinea savanna of Nigeria for effective weed control and higher grain yield of maize, triggered this study. Therefore, field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Kwara State University, Malete, to determine the weed control method that will be more effective in controlling weeds and give higher grain yield and cash returns in the production of maize. The experiment consisted of 9 treatments viz: primextra (metolachlor plus atrazine) + 2,4-D at 1.5 + 1.5 kg active ingredient (a.i.).ha−1, primextra + 2,4-D at 2.0 + 2.0 kg a.i. ha−1, primextra + 2,4-D at 2.5 + 2.5 kg ha−1, primextra + nicosulfuron at 1.5 + 0.03 kg a.i. ha−1, primextra + nicosulfuron at 2.0 + 0.05 kg a.i. ha−1, primextra + niconsulfuron at 2.5 + 0.07 kg a.i. ha−1, primextra at 1.5 kg a.i. ha−1 + one Supplementary Hoe Weeding (SHW) at 6 Weeks After Sowing (WAS), two hand weeding at 3 and 6 Weeks After Sowing (WAS) and a weedy check. These treatments were laid out in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) package, after which means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that treatment combinations of primextra + one SHW at 6 WAS, two hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS, primextra + 2,4-D at 2.0 + 2.0 kg a.i. ha−1 and primextra + nicosulfuron at 2.0+0.05 kg a.i. ha−1 gave effective weed control, higher grain yield and cash returns. Therefore, primextra at 1.5 kg a.i. ha−1 + one SHW at 6 WAS, primextra +2,4-D at 2.0 + 2.0 kg a.i. ha−1 and primextra + nicosulfuron at 2.0 + 0.05 kg a.i. ha−1 are recommended to farmers as alternative to two hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING NET RETURN OF TRANSGENIC COTTON WORLDWIDE OVER TIME;

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Julian Witjaksono
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Meta Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
The Government

<p>Meta data tentang manfaat ekonomi dari kapas transgenik yang bersumber dari hasil-hasil penelitian lebih dari satu dekade di empat negara, yaitu Amerika, Australia, China, dan India dapat dianalisa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kapas transgenik dari sudut pandang nilai ekonomi atau keuntungan usaha tani petani kapas dengan menggunakan data global dari lebih dari satu dekade hasil percobaan dan survei la-pangan. Indikator ekonomi yang dilihat meliputi hasil panen, biaya benih, biaya pestisida, biaya manajemen dan tenaga kerja, serta keuntungan usaha tani sebagai parameter yang dianalisis. Data dari indikator yang dikumpulkan merupakan meta data dari penelusuran literatur yang terkait dengan tujuan penelitian ini dan dilakukan analisis regresi untuk mengetahui dan memperkirakan hubungan antara variabel respon dan varia-bel penjelas pada parameter ini. Hasil penelitian menggunakan pendekatan analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa variabel produksi adalah faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keuntungan usaha tani kapas transgenik. Dengan demikian, kapas transgenik merupakan teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan hasil dan sebagai faktor utama yang mempengaruhi tingkat keuntungan usaha tani. Teknologi kapas transgenik Bt dapat dimanfaat-kan oleh petani miskin sumber daya di negara-negara berkembang dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan mereka. Pemanfaatan kapas transgenik di Indonesia harus mempertimbangkan kondisi agroekosistem dan sosial ekonomi, serta dukungan kebijakan agar teknologi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi petani. Oleh karena itu, masih perlu dilakukan penelitian dan kajian lebih lanjut dengan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor tersebut.</p><p>The evidence of metadata based on the economic benefits using genetically modified (GM) cotton with different patterns across space and time could be analysed. To this end, investigation on the effects of GM cotton using global data from more than one decade of field trials and surveys were done. More specifically, the effects of GM cotton on crop yields, seed costs, pesticide costs, management and labor costs, and net return were analyzed. Based on the literature searched, regression analysis was conducted to investigate and estimate the relationship between response variables and explanatory variables on these parameters. The results using a regression analysis approach indicated that yield gain was the high expectation of cotton growers to optimize net returns. Put in another way, yield gain is the main factor influencing net return. As such, this study concludes that GM cotton is the technology which can lead to yield increases and capture higher net return. More so, lessons from this study may contribute to the assessment of this technology especially for the poor-resource farmers in the developing countries. The application of this technology in Indonesia has to consider the agroecosystem and socioeconomic condition, as well as support from the government policy. Indeed, research and assessment in deep analysis should be done with the consideration of the factors above before implementing this technology.</p>

Competitive Effects of Hybrid Corn (Zea mays) on Replanted Corn

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tye C. Shauck ◽  
Reid J. Smeda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Volunteer Corn ◽  
The Impact

Initial corn (IC) in a replant situation, which is surviving corn from the initial planting, as well as volunteer corn from the previous season, is a competitive weed, but little is known regarding the effect of IC density on grain yield of desirable replant corn (RC). Field trials were established in central and northeast Missouri during 2008 to 2010 to determine the impact of IC on the leaf chlorophyll, stalk diameter, and grain yield of RC. Glyphosate-resistant RC was planted in 76-cm rows, with hybrid glyphosate-resistant IC established for season-long competition between rows at densities of 0 to 8 plants m−2. At vegetative growth stages with six and eight leaf collars and at tasseling (V6, V8, VT), RC leaf nitrogen levels were reduced by 5 to 30% in the presence of IC at densities of one to eight plants m−2compared with control plants lacking competition. Stalk diameters of RC at the VT growth stage were reduced from 8 to 30% by IC as densities increased from 0.5 to 8 plants m−2. Grain yield of row corn was reduced by IC, with yield losses ranging from 7 to 81%. Growth rate and biomass accumulation of hybrid and volunteer corn from V2 to VT were compared in the greenhouse to determine if competitive potential was similar. The second filial generation (F2) of corn from hybrid (DKC ‘63-42′) corn was collected from a field in central Missouri and southeastern Nebraska. There were no statistical differences found in growth rate or biomass accumulation between hybrid and F2corn up to VT, although F2plant biomass was numerically (up to 41%) lower at numerous growth stages. Hybrid corn is likely to be equally or more competitive with RC than volunteer corn. This research documents that in areas where IC remains among replanted corn, the IC has a negative impact at all densities evaluated.

Why Early Season Weed Control Is Important in Maize

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Page ◽  
Diego Cerrudo ◽  
Philip Westra ◽  
Mark Loux ◽  
Kenneth Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
State University ◽  
Weed Interference

Control of early-emerging weeds is essential to protect the yield potential of maize. An understanding of the physiological changes that occur as a result of weed interference is required to address variability in yield loss across sites and years. Field trials were conducted at the University of Guelph (UG), the Ohio State University (OSU), and Colorado State University (CSU) during 2009 and 2010. There were six treatments (season-long weedy and weed-free, and weed control at the 1st-, 3rd-, 5th-, and 10th-leaf-tip stages of maize development) and 20 individual plants per plot were harvested at maturity. We hypothesized that, as weed control was delayed, weed interference in the early stages of maize development would increase plant-to-plant variability in plant dry-matter accumulation, which would result in a reduction of grain yield at maturity. The onset of the critical period for weed control (CPWC) occurred on average between the third and fifth leaf tip stages of development (i.e., V1 to V3, respectively). Rate of yield loss following the onset of the CPWC ranged from 0.05 MG ha−1d−1at UG 2009 to 0.22 MG ha−1d−1at CSU 2010 (i.e., 0.5 and 1.6% d−1, respectively). On average, reductions in kernel number per plant accounted for approximately 65% of the decline in grain yield as weed control was delayed. Biomass partitioning to the grain was stable through early weed removal treatments, increased and peaked at the 10th-leaf-tip time of control, and decreased in the season-long weedy treatment. Plant-to-plant variability in dry matter at maturity and incidence of bareness increased as weed control was delayed. As weed control was delayed, the contribution of plant-to-plant variability at maturity to the overall yield loss was small, relative to the decline of mean plant dry matter.

Chemical weed control in lupins

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Annual Weeds

The response of weeds and narrow-leaved lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) to a number of pre-planting, pre-emergence and post-emergence applied herbicides was evaluated in six field trials between 1970 and 1973. Applied six weeks post-emergence, fluometuron and propazine at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 kg, carbetamide at 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 kg, simazine at 1.5 and 3.0 kg, and chlortoluron at 3.0 kg a.i. ha-1 gave good control of annual weeds present. Only carbetamide 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 kg, propazine 0.75 and 1.5 kg and simazine 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 increased grain yield. Decreasing yield with increasing dose rate in the case of fluometuron and propazine in this situation suggested some crop toxicity. Applied pre-planting and incorporated, alachlor 1.0 and 2.0 kg, di-allate 0.84 kg, nitralin 0.6 and 1.2 kg and trifluralin 0.56 kg a.i. ha-1 gave good grass control and, in general, increased yield. They had no effect on the majority of broadleaf species present. Applied pre-emergence, alachlor, propazine and simazine at 1.0 and 2.0 kg, fluometuron at 1.0 to 4.0 kg and pronamide at 0.8 and 1.6 kg a.i. ha-1 in general gave good weed control and increased grain yield. All except alachlor affected both grasses and broadleaf species. The results, however, were seriously affected by rainfall incidence. The results are discussed in terms of the response to incorporation, rainfall incidence and temperature on the activity of specific herbicides.

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