A572 EFFECTS OF SEVOFLURANE AND HALOTHANE ON CONTRACTURE FUNCTION, SOD ACTIVITY & MDA CONTENT ON ISOLATED ISCHEMIC RAT HEARTS

Because hypertrophied rat hearts display an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities and because hypoxia – reoxygenation injury is known to involve free radicals, we tested the hypothesis that the hypertrophied heart may be more resistant to this type of injury. Hypertrophied rat hearts after 10 weeks of chronic pressure overload showed elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities and a decrease in lipid peroxidation as indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Glucose-free hypoxia for 15 min resulted in a complete failure of developed tension and about 200% increase in resting tension in both hypertrophied and sham control groups (p < 0.05). Upon reoxygenation for up to 30 min, hypertrophied hearts recovered developed tension to 60% and resting tension was higher by only 80% of prehypoxic values. In contrast, sham hearts showed only a 25% recovery of developed tension, whereas resting tension remained 130% higher than prehypoxic control values. During hypoxia, the SOD activity was significantly reduced in both sham and hypertrophied groups, whereas GSHPx was reduced only in the sham group. Upon reoxygenation there was no further change in these enzyme activities. Both the SOD and GSHPx activities in the hypertrophied group remained significantly higher than the corresponding reoxygenated sham hearts. During hypoxia, there was no apparent change in MDA content in either the sham or hypertrophied hearts. However, reoxygenation resulted in a significant increase in MDA content in both sham and hypertrophied hearts, but the MDA content was significantly less in the hypertrophied group (p < 0.05). It is suggested that maintenance of an adequate endogenous antioxidant reserve during hypoxia may be important in recovery upon reoxygenation.Key words: antioxidants, hypoxia–reoxygenation injury, heart hypertrophy.

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Evaluation of Azadirachtin on Arthrospira plantensis Gomont growth parameters and antioxidant enzymes

Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology ◽

10.1051/limn/2020008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Hatice Tunca ◽

Ali Doğru ◽

Feray Köçkar ◽

Burçin Önem ◽

Tuğba Ongun Sevindik

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Arthrospira Platensis ◽

Proline Content ◽

Enzyme Analysis ◽

Free Proline ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Pesticide Pollution ◽

Antioxidant Parameters ◽

Mda Content

Azadirachtin (Aza) used as insecticide due to inhibiting growth of insects and preventing them from feeding on plants. To understand the effects of contamination of this insecticide on phototrophs, and to determine the responses of these organisms against these insecticides are extremely important in understanding how the ecosystem is affected. In this study, chlorophyll-a amount, OD 560 and antioxidant parameters (total SOD, APX, GR, Proline, MDA and H2O2) were determined in order to understand the effect of Aza on Arthrospira platensis Gomont. Aza was applied between 0–20 μg mL−1 concentrations for 7 days in the study. Enzyme analysis was conducted at the end of the 7th day. There was a statistically significant decrease in the absorbance of OD560 and the chlorophyll-a content in A. platensis cultures exposed to the Aza (0–20 μg mL−1) during 7 days due to the increase in pesticide levels. SOD activity decreased at 8, 16 and 20 μg mL−1 concentrations; GR enzyme activity showed a significant decrease compared to the control at a concentration of 20 μg mL−1. APX activity did not change significantly compared to control. The MDA content increased significantly at 16 and 20 μg mL−1 concentrations. The H2O2 content significantly increased at 12, 16 and 20 μg mL−1 concentrations (p < 0.05) while the free proline content decreased at 4 μg mL−1 concentration (p < 0.05). As a result, regarding the Aza concentrations used in this study may be a step to prevent pesticide pollution in the environment.

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Protective Effects of Ginsenosides on 17α-Ethynyelstradiol-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Rats

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x17500872 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (08) ◽

pp. 1613-1629 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yan-Jiao Xu ◽

Zao-Qin Yu ◽

Cheng-Liang Zhang ◽

Xi-Ping Li ◽

Cheng-Yang Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Total Bile Acid ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Mda Content

The present study was designed to assess the effects and potential mechanisms of ginsenosides on 17[Formula: see text]-ethynyelstradiol (EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis (IC). Ginsenoside at doses of 30, 100, 300[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight was intragastrically (i.g.) given to rats for 5 days to examine the effect on EE-induced IC. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bile acid (TBA) were measured. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined. Protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6 and IL-1[Formula: see text] was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results indicated that ginsenosides remarkably prevented EE-induced increase in the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and TBA. Moreover, the elevation of hepatic MDA content induced by EE was significantly reduced, while hepatic SOD activities were significantly increased when treated with ginsenosides. Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that pathological injuries were relieved after treatment with ginsenosides. In addition, treatment with ginsenosides could significantly downregulate the protein expression of TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6 and IL-1[Formula: see text] compared with EE group. These findings indicate that ginsenosides exert the hepatoprotective effect on EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats, and this protection might be attributed to the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation.

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The Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in Adaptive Responses to Sheath Blight Infestation under Different Fertilization Rates and Hill Densities

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/502134 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wei Wu ◽

Xuejie Wan ◽

Farooq Shah ◽

Shah Fahad ◽

Jianliang Huang

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Sheath Blight ◽

Planting Density ◽

Lesion Length ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Block Method ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Agar Block ◽

Mda Content

Sheath blight of rice, caused byRhizoctonia solani, is one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide. No rice cultivar has been found to be completely resistant to this fungus. Identifying antioxidant enzymes activities (activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) and malondialdehyde content (MDA) responding to sheath blight infestation is imperative to understand the defensive mechanism systems of rice. In the present study, two inoculation methods (toothpick and agar block method) were tested in double-season rice. Toothpick method had greater lesion length than agar block method in late season. A higher MDA content was found under toothpick method compared with agar block method, which led to greater POD and SOD activities. Dense planting caused higher lesion length resulting in a higher MDA content, which also subsequently stimulated higher POD and SOD activity. Sheath blight severity was significantly related to the activity of antioxidant enzyme during both seasons. The present study implies that rice plants possess a system of antioxidant protective enzymes which helps them in adaptation to sheath blight infection stresses. Several agronomic practices, such as rational use of fertilizers and optimum planting density, involved in regulating antioxidant protective enzyme systems can be regarded as promising strategy to suppress the sheath blight development.

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Effects of Xin-Ji-Er-Kang on Anticardiovascular Remodeling in L-NAME Induced Hypertensive Mice and Its Potential Mechanisms

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/8067361 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Li Wang ◽

Guo-wei Cai ◽

Ling Ding ◽

Juan Hu ◽

Yong-xue Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Enos Expression ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Pathology ◽

Cardiovascular Remodeling ◽

Cross Section Area ◽

Section Area ◽

Mda Content ◽

Ischemic Diseases

Background. Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) shows protective effects on the myocardial ischemic diseases in our previous reports. We hypothesized that XJEK may exert preventing effects on L-NAME induced hypertensive mice by ameliorating oxidative stress (OS) and endothelial dysfunction (ED). Methods. After treatment with XJEK for four weeks, cardiac function and cardiovascular pathology changes were evaluated. Then, endothelial-dependent vascular relaxation and serum NO, eNOS, AMDA, SOD, MDA content, and cardiac tissue eNOS expression were detected. Results. The hypertensive mice displayed distinct cardiovascular remodeling including increased HW/BW index (4.7 ± 0.33 versus 5.2 ± 0.34), cross-section area, and collagen deposition. In addition, ED was found manifested by decreased serum NO (20.54 ± 8.05 versus 6.29 ± 2.33), eNOS (28.34 ± 2.36 versus 20.37 ± 2.30), content, and decreased eNOS expression in cardiac tissue and damaged endothelium-dependent diastolic function. Moreover, OS was detected confirmed by decreased SOD activity and increased MDA content in serum. However, treatment with XJEK for 4 wk could reverse cardiovascular remodeling (HW/BW index normalized from 5.2 ± 0.34 to 4.59 ± 0.25), ameliorate and preserve endothelial function (NO: 16.67 ± 7.24 versus 6.29 ± 2.33; eNOS: 16.67 ± 7.24 versus 6.29 ± 2.33), and suppress OS. Conclusion. XJEK has protective effects against cardiovascular remodeling in L-NAME induced hypertensive mice.

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Hepatoprotective Effects of Total Triterpenoids and Total Flavonoids fromVitis viniferaL against Immunological Liver Injury in Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/969386 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tao Liu ◽

Jun Zhao ◽

Long Ma ◽

Yusong Ding ◽

Deqi Su

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Liver Homogenate ◽

Protective Role ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Mda Content ◽

Hepatoprotective Effects ◽

Th1 Cytokines ◽

Immunoregulatory Mechanisms

Suosuo grape (the fruits ofVitis viniferaL) has been used for prevention and treatment of liver diseases in Uighur folk medicine in China besides its edible value. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of total triterpenoids (VTT) and total flavonoids (VTF) from Suosuo grape were evaluated in Bacille-Calmette-Guerin- (BCG-) plus-lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced immunological liver injury (ILI) in mice. Various dose groups (50, 150, and 300 mg/kg) of VTT and VTF alleviated the degree of liver injury of ILI mice, effectively reduced the BCG/LPS-induced elevated liver index and spleen index, hepatic nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased liver homogenate alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and restored hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in ILI mice. VTT and VTF also significantly inhibited intrahepatic expression of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γand IL-2) in ILI mice and increased intrahepatic expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Moreover, the increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly downregulated by VTT and VTF in liver tissue of ILI mice. These results are comparable to those of biphenyl dicarboxylate (DDB, the reference hepatoprotective agent) and suggest that VTT and VTF play a protective role against immunological liver injury, which may have important implications for our understanding of the immunoregulatory mechanisms of this plant.

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Vegetative desiccation tolerance of Tripogon spicatus (Poaceae) from the tropical semiarid region of northeastern Brazil

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp17066 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 1124 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Saulo de T. Aidar ◽

Agnaldo R. de M. Chaves ◽

Paulo I. Fernandes Júnior ◽

Melquisedec de S. Oliveira ◽

Benjamim P. da Costa Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Desiccation Tolerance ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Relative Water ◽

Mda Content ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content ◽

Amino Acid Contents

The vegetative desiccation tolerance of Tripogon spicatus (Nees) Ekman was confirmed by its ability to recover the physiological functionality of intact plants previously subjected to extreme dehydration. Photosynthesis became undetectable when leaf relative water content (RWCleaf) achieved ~60%, whereas photochemical variables showed a partial decrease. Until the minimum RWCleaf of 6.41%, total chl decreased by 9%, and total carotenoids increased by 29%. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased by 57%, on average, during dehydration, but catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (APX) activities showed no significant differences throughout the experiment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased by 151%, total leaf and root amino acids decreased by 62% and 77%, respectively, whereas leaf and root proline decreased by 40% and 61%, respectively, until complete desiccation. After rehydration, leaves completely recovered turgidity and total chl contents. Carotenoids and MDA remained high, whereas SOD was 60% lower than the measured average measured before dehydration. With the exception of root amino acid contents, total amino acids and proline concentrations recovered completely. Gas exchange and photochemical variables remained substantially higher 4 days after rehydration, compared with the control. Besides increasing MDA, the overall physiological results showed that membrane functionality was preserved, leading to the vegetative desiccation tolerance of T. spicatus during the dehydration–rehydration cycle.

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Icaritin protects SH-SY5Y cells transfected with TDP-43 by alleviating mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11978

Author(s):

Yongjian Zhou ◽

Nanqu Huang ◽

Yuanyuan Li ◽

Zhisheng Ba ◽

Yanjun Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Mitochondrial Damage ◽

Atp Content ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Mda Content ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

Total Antioxidative Capacity ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of icaritin (ICT) on TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-induced neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell damage and to further explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods To investigate the possible mechanism, TDP-43 was used to induce SH-SY5Y cell injury. Cell viability was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was determined with JC-1. The expression levels of TDP-43 and cytochrome C (CytC) were measuring by Western blotting. Changes in adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) content, total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were detected with specific kits. Results The results showed that ICT reduced the cell damage induced by TDP-43. ICT reduced the expression level of TDP-43; increased ATP content and the MMP; decreased CytC expression; increased T-AOC and GSH-Px, total SOD (T-SOD), copper/zinc SOD (CuZn-SOD), and manganese SOD (Mn-SOD) activity; and decreased MDA content. Conclusions The results suggest that ICT has a protective effect on TDP-43-transfected SH-SY5Y cells that is related to reductions in TDP-43 expression and mitochondrial damage and alleviation of oxidative stress.

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Barley Seedlings in Response to Salinity and Artemisinin Stress in the Present of Freeze-Thaw Stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1034052/v2 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Zhang Wei ◽

Guozhang Bao ◽

Tang Wenyi ◽

Dai Gejun ◽

Xiao Jing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artemisia Annua ◽

Soil Salinization ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Mda Content ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Relative Electrical Conductivity ◽

Scavenging Efficiency ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Abstract In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, both the large daily temperature difference and soil salinization make plants susceptible to abiotic stresses such as freeze-thaw and salinity. Meanwhile, crops in this area could be subjected to the influence of artemisinin, an allelochemical exuded by Artemisia annua. In the context of freeze-thaw and salinity stresses, artemisinin was induced as an allelopathy stress factor to explore the physiological response of highland barley, including the relative electrical conductivity (RC), soluble protein (SP) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and water use efficiency (WUE).There data suggested that artemisinin weakened the self-osmotic adjustment ability of seedlings, reducing the SOD activity in scavenging efficiency of reactive oxygen species, then causing oxidative damage to cell membrane of seedlings, which significantly increases the content of RC and MDA. Artemisinin stress can reduce the WUE of seedlings and weaken the photosynthesis intensity of seedlings as well. In a word, salinity stress and artemisinin respectively showed a synergistic compound relationship with freeze-thaw stress,

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Activation of cardiac Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2 pathways mediates endurance exercise resistance to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy in aging Drosophila

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.242425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 224 (18) ◽

Author(s):

Deng-tai Wen ◽

Lan Zheng ◽

Kai Lu ◽

Wen-qi Hou

Keyword(s):

Endurance Exercise ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Pathway Activation ◽

Locomotor Impairment ◽

Mda Content ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Fractional Shortening ◽

Lipotoxic Cardiomyopathy

ABSTRACT Endurance exercise is an important way to resist and treat high-fat diet (HFD)-induced lipotoxic cardiomyopathy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we used Drosophila to identify whether cardiac Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2 pathway activation mediates endurance exercise-induced resistance to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. The results showed that endurance exercise activated the cardiac Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/FOXO pathway and the Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/PGC-1α pathway, including up-regulating cardiac Nmnat, SIR2, FOXO and PGC-1α expression, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and NAD+ levels, and it prevented HFD-induced or cardiac Nmnat knockdown-induced cardiac lipid accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and fibrillation increase, and fractional shortening decrease. Cardiac Nmnat overexpression also activated heart Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2 pathways and resisted HFD-induced cardiac malfunction, but it could not protect against HFD-induced lifespan reduction and locomotor impairment. Exercise improved lifespan and mobility in cardiac Nmnat knockdown flies. Therefore, the current results confirm that cardiac Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2 pathways are important antagonists of HFD-induced lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2 pathway activation is an important underlying molecular mechanism by which endurance exercise and cardiac Nmnat overexpression give protection against lipotoxic cardiomyopathy in Drosophila.

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