Endotracheal Tubes Coated with Antiseptics Decrease Bacterial Colonization of the Ventilator Circuits, Lungs, and Endotracheal Tube

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1446-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Berra ◽  
Lorenzo De Marchi ◽  
Zu-Xi Yu ◽  
Patrice Laquerriere ◽  
Andrea Baccarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Ventilator Circuit ◽  
Bacterial Cultures

Background Formation of a bacterial biofilm within the endotracheal tube (ETT) after tracheal intubation is rapid and represents a ready source of lung bacterial colonization. The authors investigated bacterial colonization of the ventilator circuit, the ETT, and the lungs when the ETT was coated with silver-sulfadiazine and chlorhexidine in polyurethane, using no bacterial/viral filter attached to the ETT. Methods Sixteen sheep were randomized into two groups. Eight sheep were intubated with a standard ETT (control group), and eight were intubated with a coated ETT (study group). Animals were mechanically ventilated for 24 h. At autopsy, the authors sampled the trachea, bronchi, lobar parenchyma, and ETT for quantitative bacterial cultures. Qualitative bacterial cultures were obtained from the filter, humidifier, inspiratory and expiratory lines, and water trap. ETTs were analyzed with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results In the control group, all eight ETTs were heavily colonized (10(5)-10(8) colony-forming units [cfu]/g), forming a thick biofilm. The ventilator circuit was always colonized. Pathogenic bacteria colonized the trachea and the lungs in five of eight sheep (up to 10(9) cfu/g). In the study group, seven of eight ETTs and their ventilator circuits showed no growth, with absence of a biofilm; one ETT and the respective ventilator circuit showed low bacterial growth (10(3)-10(4) cfu/g). The trachea was colonized in three sheep, although lungs and bronchi showed no bacterial growth, except for one bronchus in one sheep. Conclusions Coated ETTs induced a nonsignificant reduction of the tracheal colonization, eliminated (seven of eight) or reduced (one of eight) bacterial colonization of the ETT and ventilator circuits, and prevented lung bacterial colonization.

Effect Of Cluster Intervention Strategy Combined with Targeted Nursing on Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Icu Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 6395-6401
Author(s):  
XueQin Li ◽  
XiuYing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation Time

Background VAP is a common complication of ventilator maintenance therapy. The occurrence of VAP is related to many factors such as long duration of breathing, invasive operation, pollution of respiratory tubes and instruments, and low immunity of patients. The prevention of VAP in critically ill patients I the primary problem for clinical medical staff. Avoiding exogenous bacteria invading the respiratory tract and endogenous bacterial infection is the main method. Objective To investigate the value of optimized cluster nursing intervention combined with targeted nursing measures in reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients with mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods 200 patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU of our institute from January 2017 to June 2020 were selected and randomly divided into study group and control group, with 100 cases in each group. The study group was treated with cluster nursing intervention combined with targeted nursing measures optimized by muItL criteria decision analysis method, and the control group was treated with targeted nursing measures. The incidence of VAP, the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in sputum specimens and the effect of nursing execution were compared between the two groups. 200 patients were divided into VAP group and non-VAP group according to whether VAP occurred. Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis was used to explore the risk factors of VAP in AECOPD patients. Results A total of 4 strains were detected in the study group and 18 strains were detected in the control group. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in the study group was higher than that in the control group (y2=10.010, P=0.002<0.05). The incidence of VAP in the study group was 4.00% lower than 17.00% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with VAP group and non-VAP group, the proportion of patients with serum albumin<30g/L, diabetes mellitus rate, APACHE II score>15 points, tracheotomy rate and mechanical ventilation time≥5 days in VAP group were significantly higher than those in non-VAP group, which had statistical significance (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression model snowed that serum albumin ≥30g/L and optimized cluster nursing could effectively reduce the risk of VAP in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation (P<0.05). The risk of VAP in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation was increased by the combination of diabetes rate. APACHE II score≥15 points, tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation time ≥ 5 days (P<0.05). Conclusion The risk of VAP in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation is high, and the optimized cluster nursing intervention combined with targeted nursing measures can effectively reduce the incidence of VAP.

scholarly journals The change of endotracheal tube cuff pressure during laparoscopic surgery

Open Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngsuk Kwon ◽  
Ji Su Jang ◽  
Sung Mi Hwang ◽  
Jae Jun Lee ◽  
Seok Jun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Cuff ◽  
Tube Cuff ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the endotracheal tube cuff pressure (Pcuff) changes during pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the correlations between body mass index (BMI), pneumoperitoneum time, and Pcuff changes.MethodsTotal 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were allocated to either a study group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) or a control group (BMI < 25 kg/m2). The endotracheal intubation was performed with a high-volume low-pressure cuffed oral endotracheal tube. A manometer was connected to the pilot balloon using a 3-way stopcock and the cuff was inflated. The change in Pcuff was defined as the difference between the pressure just before intra-abdominal CO2 insufflation and the pressure before CO2 desufflation.ResultsPcuff increased to 5.3 ± 3.6 cmH2O in the study group and 5.7 ± 5.4 cmH2O in the control group. There was no significant difference between two groups. While BMI was not correlated with change in Pcuff (r = 0.022, p = 0.867), there was a significant correlation between change in Pcuff and the duration of pneumoperitoneum (r = 0.309, p = 0.016).ConclusionThe change in Pcuff was not affected by BMI and was significantly correlated with pneumoperitoneum time. We recommend regular measurement and adjustment of Pcuff during laparoscopic surgery.

scholarly journals The influence of working length on the reduction of biofilm and planktonic bacteria in oval canals with reciprocating instrumentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e9810514765
Author(s):  
Arieth Cristina Sacomani ◽  
Fernanda Tessaro Cintra ◽  
Adriana de Jesus Soares ◽  
Marcos Frozoni
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference

To evaluate the influence of reciprocating single-file instrumentation with different working lengths (WL) on the reduction of planktonic bacteria and bacterial biofilm in Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated oval root canals. Methodology: Fifty-five human single-rooted canines were used. Fifty were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days for biofilm formation. To confirm the formation of biofilm adhered to the root canal wall, 5 contaminated samples from positive control group were analyzed by SEM. Samples were assigned into 3 groups (n = 15) according to working length determined, G+1 root canal preparation 1 mm beyond the apical foramen, G0 root canal preparation at the major foramen, and G-1 root canal preparation 1 mm short of the major foramen. Five roots were not inoculated to serve as a negative control. Bacteriological samples were collected prior to preparation, initial collection (S1), and after reciprocating instrumentation (S2) by disaggregating biofilm to quantify the reduction of planktonic bacteria and intracanal biofilm at different WL. Bacterial quantitation was performed using colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU / mL) count. Statistical analysis was performed at the significance level of 0.05. Results: No bacterial growth was observed in the negative control. All positive controls demonstrated bacterial growth; S1 from all teeth were positive for bacteria with no significant difference. The post-hoc analysis showed G+1 promoting a significantly higher disinfection than G-1 (p<0,05) and G-1 similar disinfection to G0 (P=962). Conclusion: Instrumentation as close as possible to major foramen or beyond it improves decontamination in oval root canals with reciprocating instrumentation.

scholarly journals Sinonasal Stent Coated with Slow-Release Varnish of Chlorhexidine Has Sustained Protection against Bacterial Biofilm Growth in the Sinonasal Cavity: An In Vitro Study

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cataldo Cataldo Russomando ◽  
Ronit Vogt Vogt Sionov ◽  
Michael Friedman ◽  
Irith Gati ◽  
Ron Eliashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

The aim of the study was to develop a sustained-release varnish (SRV) containing chlorhexidine (CHX) for sinonasal stents (SNS) to reduce bacterial growth and biofilm formation in the sinonasal cavity. Segments of SNS were coated with SRV-CHX or SRV-placebo and exposed daily to bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923 or Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC HER-1018 (PAO1). Anti-bacterial effects were assessed by disc diffusion assay and planktonic-based activity assay. Biofilm formation on the coated stents was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). The metabolic activity of the biofilms was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Disc diffusion assay showed that SRV-CHX-coated SNS segments inhibited bacterial growth of S. aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923 for 26 days and P. aeruginosa ATCC HER-1018 for 19 days. CHX was released from coated SNS segments in a pH 6 medium up to 30 days, resulting in growth inhibition of S. aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923 for 22 days and P. aeruginosa ATCC HER-1018 for 24 days. The MTT assay showed a reduction of biofilm growth on the coated SNS by 69% for S. aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923 and 40% for P. aeruginosa ATCC HER-1018 compared to the placebo stent after repeated exposure to planktonic growing bacteria. CLSM and HR-SEM showed a significant reduction of biofilm formation on the SRV-CHX-coated SNS segments. Coating of SNS with SRV-CHX maintains a sustained delivery of CHX, providing an inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth of S. aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923 and P. aeruginosa ATCC HER-1018 for approximately 3 weeks.

scholarly journals Can Humidifier Reservoir Bacteria Colonize the Circuit During Mechanical Ventilation?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Ran. Li ◽  
Lan-Ping. Shi ◽  
Yong-Gang. Jia ◽  
Ricky Wing Tong. Lau ◽  
Xia-Zhen. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Ventilator Circuit ◽  
Bacterial Concentration ◽  
Water Group

Abstract Background:Although the circuit condensate, an ideal bacterial reservoir, may flow into the humidifier reservoir (HR), no study has investigated if HR-colonized bacteria colonize other circuit locations with airflow. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore if bacterial growth in the HR leads to bacterial colonization in the ventilator circuit. Methods: A randomized controlled experiment was performed in a public tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province, China. In vitro mechanical ventilation models (n = 60), divided into sterile water samples (n = 30) and broth samples (n = 30), were established. Sterile water was used for humidification in the ventilation models. The sterile water group contained either Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 15) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 15) in humidifier water. The broth group was similar to the sterile water group, but brain heart infusion broth was added to the HR. After 24, 72, and 168 h of continuous ventilation, bacteria in the humidifier water and at different circuit locations were sampled and cultured, and the results were analyzed by the Chi-square test. The difference in bacterial concentration at the HR outlet was analyzed by the F test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Bacterial culture results of the sterile water samples were negative. Bacteria in the humidifier water continued to proliferate in the broth group, and the bacterial concentration at different times was not significantly different (P > 0.05). With prolonged ventilation, the bacterial concentration at the HR outlet increased (P < 0.05). During continuous ventilation, no bacterial growth occurred at 10 cm from the HR outlet and the Y-piece of the ventilator circuit. The bacterial concentration at the HR outlet was higher in the P. aeruginosa group than in the A. baumannii group (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Sterile water in the HR was not conducive to bacterial growth. Although bacteria grew in the HR and could reach the HR outlet, colonization of other circuit locations was unlikely.

A Study to Determine the Effect of Betadine Vaginal Cleansing Kit on Cervical Flora after Insertion of an Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
M Obaidullah
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Pelvic Infection ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Before And After

Twenty-four women with negative high vaginal swabs, who attended for insertion of an intra-uterine contraceptive device, were randomly allocated to two groups. One group used the Betadine Vaginal Cleansing Kit before and after insertion of the intra-uterine device; the other group did not use any cleansing agent. After 4 to 6 weeks, the patients were re-examined and a cervical swab was taken. The bacteriological findings were of interest and significance. In the study group there was bacterial growth in only one patient out of the twelve, whereas in the control group there was bacterial growth in ten out of the twelve. The bacteria grown were of doubtful clinical significance, but in certain circumstances they could take a pathogenic role. The marked absence of bacterial growth in the study group is significant because, during a 4 to 6 week period, the cervical mucus remained sterile thus minimizing the risk of pelvic infection during and immediately after insertion. Whether it has any significant effect in the long-term reduction of the incidence of pelvic infection remains to be seen, and further studies are needed.

Antibacterial Effect of Experimental Orthodontic Adhesives Containing Gold Nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Pinyada Akarajarasrod ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Pornpen Tantivitayakul ◽  
Primana Punnakitikashem ◽  
Wassana Wichai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Spot Lesion ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Orthodontic Adhesives

Enamel decalcification usually can be found around orthodontic bracket after debonding. Orthodontic adhesives resistant to bacterial colonization were used to prevent white spot lesion and dental caries in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antibacterial properties of expeimental orthodontic adhesive containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). 108 orthodontic adhesive discs containing 1.0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.25 wt% AuNPs and without AuNPs were prepared from in-house orthodontic adhesive (27 discs per group). The antibcterial properties of adhesive discs were evaluated by direct contact test. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus suspensions were placed on the discs and incubated at 37 °C for 1 hour. The adhesive discs were transferred to BHI broth and were incubated at 37°C for 16, 20 and 24 h. Bacterial growth was evaluated by optical density (OD) measurement at 590nm. The results showed that experimental orthodontic adhesives with 1.0 wt% and 0.5 wt% AuNPs exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to the control group (p < 0.05). At 24 h of incubation, the median OD of 1.0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.25 wt% and control in S. mutans were 0.109, 0.006, 0.007 and 0.372, rescpectively. In S. sobrinus, the median OD were 0.173, 0.012 , 0.007 and 0.328. The incorporation of gold nanoparticles into orthodontic adhesives exhibited antibacterial activity against cariogenic microorganism. At a concentration of 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% AuNPs, experimental orthodontic adhesive could reduce bacterial growth of both S. mutans and S. sobrinus.

Endotracheal Intubation and Its Relationship to Bacterial Colonization and Systemic Infection of Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-823
Author(s):  
Howard Harris ◽  
David Wirtschafter ◽  
George Cassady
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Respiratory Tract Colonization

The role of antibiotics in preventing respiratory tract bacterial colonization and systemic infection after orotracheal intubation was prospectively studied in 54 newborn infants. Respiratory tract colonization was assessed from nasopharyngeal and tracheal aspirate cultures obtained at intubation and daily thereafter, while systemic infection was monitored by blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and suprapubic urine cultures performed initially and every three days thereafter while intubated. Colonization and systemic cultures were also obtained at extubation or death. The study group, provided with antibiotics at intubation, and the control group were similar in birthweight and gestational age, as well as race, sex, hospital or origin, and indication for intubation. Colonization at intubation was five times more common in infants intubated 12 or more hours after birth than in infants intubated earlier. Subsequent colonization was twice as frequent in infants intubated longer than 72 hours as well as in those requiring two or more reintubations. Systemic infection occurred only in those infants who were initially or subsequently colonized and was three times more frequent in the control group than in the study group.

Pretreatment with Methylprednisolone Improves Myocardial Protection during On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolga Demir ◽  
Mehmet Umit Ergenoglu ◽  
Hale Bolgi Demir ◽  
Nursen Tanrikulu ◽  
Mazlum Sahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Myocardial Protection ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cabg Surgery ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pump Coronary Artery Bypass

<strong>Background</strong>: This study was undertaken to determine whether methylprednisolone could improve myocardial protection by altering the cytokine profile toward an anti-inflammatory course in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Forty patients who were scheduled for elective CABG surgery were randomized into two groups: the study group (n = 20), who received 1 g of methylprednisolone intravenously before CPB, and the control group (n = 20), who underwent a standard CABG surgery without any additional medication. Blood samples were withdrawn prior to surgery (T1) and then 4 hours (T2), 24 hours (T3), and 36 hours (T4) after CPB. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin-t (cTnT), and blood glucose as well as neutrophil counts were measured at each sampling time. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: A comparison of patients between both groups revealed significantly high levels of IL-6 in the control group at T2, T3, and T4 with respect to T1 (T2: P &lt; .001; T3: <br />P &lt; .001; T4: P &lt; .001). IL-10 levels were significantly higher in the study group at T2 compared with the control group <br />(P = .007). CK-MB levels were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group at T4 (P = .001). The increase of cTnT was higher in the control group at T3 and T4 compared with the study group (T3: P = .002; T4: P = .001).<br /><strong>Conclusions</strong>: This study demonstrates that methylprednisolone is effective for ensuring better myocardial protection during cardiac surgery by suppressing the inflammatory response via decreasing the levels of IL-6 and by increasing anti-inflammatory activity through IL-10.<br /><br />

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS PECULIARITIES IN MEN UNDER 60 YEARS OLD WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Tupitsyn V.V. ◽  
Bataev Kh.M. ◽  
Men’shikova A.N. ◽  
Godina Z.N.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
History Of

Relevance. Information about the cardiovascular diseases risk factors (CVD RF) for in men with chronic lung inflam-matory pathology (CLID) is contradictory and requires clarification. Aim. To evaluate the peculiarities of CVD RF in men under 60 years of age with CLID in myocardial infarction (MI) to improve prevention. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with CLID - 142 patients; II - control, without it - 424 patients. A comparative analysis of the frequency of observation of the main and additional cardiovascular risk fac-tors in groups was performed. Results. In patients of the study group, more often than in the control group we observed: hereditary burden of is-chemic heart disease (40.8 and 31.6%, respectively; p = 0.0461) and arterial hypertension (54.2 and 44.6%; p = 0.0461), frequent colds (24.6 and 12.0%; p = 0.0003), a history of extrasystoles (19.7 and 12.7%; p = 0.04); chronic foci of infections of internal organs (75.4 and 29.5%; p˂0.0001), non-ulcer lesions of the digestive system (26.1 and 14.6%; p = 0.007), smoking (95.1 and 66.3%; p˂0.0001), MI in winter (40.8 and 25.9%; p = 0.006). Less commonly were observed: oral cavity infections (9.2 and 23.6%; p˂0.0001); hypodynamia (74.5 and 82.5%; p = 0.0358), over-weight (44.4 and 55.2%; p = 0.0136), a subjective relationship between the worsening of the course of coronary heart disease and the season of the year (43.7 and 55.2%; p = 0.0173) and MI - in the autumn (14.1 and 21.9%; p = 0.006) period. Conclusions. The structure of CVD RF in men under 60 years of age with CLID with MI is characterized by the pre-dominance of smoking, non-ulcer pathology of the digestive system, frequent pro-student diseases, meteorological dependence, a history of cardiac arrhythmias and foci of internal organ infections. It is advisable to use the listed factors when planning preventive measures in such patients.

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