scholarly journals Geckoprinting: assembly of microelectronic devices on unconventional surfaces by transfer printing with isolated gecko setal arrays

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (99) ◽  
pp. 20140627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Jeong ◽  
Juho Kim ◽  
Kwangsun Song ◽  
Kellar Autumn ◽  
Jongho Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Transfer Printing ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Pick And Place ◽  
Integrated Or

Developing electronics in unconventional forms provides opportunities to expand the use of electronics in diverse applications including bio-integrated or implanted electronics. One of the key challenges lies in integrating semiconductor microdevices onto unconventional substrates without glue, high pressure or temperature that may cause damage to microdevices, substrates or interfaces. This paper describes a solution based on natural gecko setal arrays that switch adhesion mechanically on and off, enabling pick and place manipulation of thin microscale semiconductor materials onto diverse surfaces including plants and insects whose surfaces are usually rough and irregular. A demonstration of functional ‘geckoprinted’ microelectronic devices provides a proof of concept of our results in practical applications.

Ion Beam Induced Interfacial Reactions in Molybdenum Thin Films on Silicon

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
L. J. Chen ◽  
L. S. Hung ◽  
J. W. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposited ◽  
Atomic Mixing ◽  
Silicon Interface ◽  
Kinetics Of

When an energetic ion penetrates through an interface between a thin film (of species A) and a substrate (of species B), ion induced atomic mixing may result in an intermixed region (which contains A and B) near the interface. Most ion beam mixing experiments have been directed toward metal-silicon systems, silicide phases are generally obtained, and they are the same as those formed by thermal treatment.Recent emergence of silicide compound as contact material in silicon microelectronic devices is mainly due to the superiority of the silicide-silicon interface in terms of uniformity and thermal stability. It is of great interest to understand the kinetics of the interfacial reactions to provide insights into the nature of ion beam-solid interactions as well as to explore its practical applications in device technology.About 500 Å thick molybdenum was chemical vapor deposited in hydrogen ambient on (001) n-type silicon wafer with substrate temperature maintained at 650-700°C. Samples were supplied by D. M. Brown of General Electric Research & Development Laboratory, Schenectady, NY.

scholarly journals Sensuator: A Hybrid Sensor–Actuator Approach to Soft Robotic Proprioception Using Recurrent Neural Networks

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Pornthep Preechayasomboon ◽  
Eric Rombokas
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Recurrent Neural Networks ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
State Estimator ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Soft Actuator ◽  
The Cost

Soft robotic actuators are now being used in practical applications; however, they are often limited to open-loop control that relies on the inherent compliance of the actuator. Achieving human-like manipulation and grasping with soft robotic actuators requires at least some form of sensing, which often comes at the cost of complex fabrication and purposefully built sensor structures. In this paper, we utilize the actuating fluid itself as a sensing medium to achieve high-fidelity proprioception in a soft actuator. As our sensors are somewhat unstructured, their readings are difficult to interpret using linear models. We therefore present a proof of concept of a method for deriving the pose of the soft actuator using recurrent neural networks. We present the experimental setup and our learned state estimator to show that our method is viable for achieving proprioception and is also robust to common sensor failures.

Equation of state for the detonation products of energetic materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1269-1287
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Huo ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Mingli Yang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Detonation Products ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Integrated Theory

Energetic materials (EMs) are one of the necessities in many military and civilian applications. Measuring the thermodynamic behaviors of detonation products of EMs at high temperature and high pressure, their equations of state (EOSs) not only serve as a basis in the design of novel materials, but also provide valuable information for their practical applications. The EOS study has a long history, but keeps moving all the time. Various EMs have been developed, the EOS of detonation products provides abundant information in the thermochemistry, hydromechanics and detonation physics, which in turn feedbacks the development of novel EMs and their EOSs. With the development of experimental techniques and computer simulations, many EOSs have been proposed for various explosives in recent years. While experiments keep their fundamental roles, integrated theory-experiment study has become the main approach to the EOS establishment for novel EMs. Moreover, computer simulations based on interatomic and/or intermolecular interaction will have great potential in the future when big data and artificial intelligence are introduced into the field.

Magnetic anisotropy on demand exploiting high-pressure as remote control: an ab initio proof-of-concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Briganti ◽  
Federico Totti
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Boiling Temperature ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Single Molecule Magnets ◽  
On Demand

Lanthanide based single molecule magnets have recently become very promising systems for creating single molecule device working at high temperature (nitrogen boiling temperature). However, the variation of direction of the...

scholarly journals Experiments with CO<sub>2</sub>-in-air reference gases in high-pressure aluminum cylinders

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5565-5586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Schibig ◽  
Duane Kitzis ◽  
Pieter P. Tans
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Abstract. Long-term monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is key for a better understanding of the processes involved in the carbon cycle that have a major impact on further climate change. Keeping track of large-scale emissions and removals (sources and sinks) of CO2 requires very accurate measurements. They all have to be calibrated very carefully and have to be traceable to a common scale, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) CO2 X2007 scale, which is maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) in Boulder, CO, USA. The international WMO GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) program sets as compatibility goals for the required agreement between different methods and laboratories ±0.1 µmol mol−1 for the Northern Hemisphere and ±0.05 µmol mol−1 for the Southern Hemisphere. The reference gas mixtures used to pass down and distribute the scale are stored in high-pressure aluminum cylinders. It is crucial that the standards remain stable during their entire time of use. In this study the tested vertically positioned aluminum cylinders showed similar CO2 enrichment during low-flow conditions (0.3 L min−1), which are similar to flows often used for calibration gases in practical applications. The average CO2 enrichment was 0.090±0.009 µmol mol−1 as the cylinder was emptied from about 150 to 1 bar above atmosphere. However, it is important to note that the enrichment is not linear but follows Langmuir's adsorption–desorption model, where the CO2 enrichment is almost negligible at high pressures but much more pronounced at low pressures. When decanted at a higher rate of 5.0 L min−1 the enrichment becomes 0.22±0.05 µmol mol−1 for the same pressure drop. The higher enrichment is related to thermal diffusion and fractionation effects in the cylinder, which were also dependent on the cylinder's orientation and could even turn negative. However, the low amount of CO2 adsorbed on the cylinder wall and the fact that the main increase happens at low pressure lead to the conclusion that aluminum cylinders are suitable to store ambient CO2-in-dry-air mixtures provided they are not used below 20 bar. In cases where they are used in high-flow experiments that involve significant cylinder temperature changes, special attention has to be paid to possible fractionation effects.

ROBUSTNESS OF GUIDED SELF-ORGANIZATION AGAINST SENSORIMOTOR DISRUPTIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 1350001 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORG MARTIUS
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wheeled Robot ◽  
Continuous Domains ◽  
Sensor Configuration ◽  
Self Organizing

Self-organizing processes are crucial for the development of living beings. Practical applications in robots may benefit from the self-organization of behavior, e.g., to increase fault tolerance and enhance flexibility, provided that external goals can also be achieved. We present results on the guidance of self-organizing control by visual target stimuli and show a remarkable robustness to sensorimotor disruptions. In a proof of concept study an autonomous wheeled robot is learning an object finding and ball-pushing task from scratch within a few minutes in continuous domains. The robustness is demonstrated by the rapid recovery of the performance after severe changes of the sensor configuration.

scholarly journals Soft nanocomposite electroadhesives for digital micro- and nanotransfer printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. eaax4790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanha Kim ◽  
Yijie Jiang ◽  
Kiera L. Thompson Towell ◽  
Michael S. H. Boutilier ◽  
Nigamaa Nayakanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Forces ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Transfer Printing ◽  
Dielectric Thickness ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Dry Adhesion ◽  
Pick And Place ◽  
Ag Nanowires ◽  
Automated Handling ◽  
Coated Carbon

Automated handling of microscale objects is essential for manufacturing of next-generation electronic systems. Yet, mechanical pick-and-place technologies cannot manipulate smaller objects whose surface forces dominate over gravity, and emerging microtransfer printing methods require multidirectional motion, heating, and/or chemical bonding to switch adhesion. We introduce soft nanocomposite electroadhesives (SNEs), comprising sparse forests of dielectric-coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which have electrostatically switchable dry adhesion. SNEs exhibit 40-fold lower nominal dry adhesion than typical solids, yet their adhesion is increased >100-fold by applying 30 V to the CNTs. We characterize the scaling of adhesion with surface morphology, dielectric thickness, and applied voltage and demonstrate digital transfer printing of films of Ag nanowires, polymer and metal microparticles, and unpackaged light-emitting diodes.

An Application of a Free Volume Model to Lubricant Rheology 2—Variation in Viscosity of Binary Blended Lubricants

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yasutomi ◽  
S. Bair ◽  
W. O. Winer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Free Volume ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Polyphenyl Ether ◽  
Volume Model ◽  
Wlf Equation ◽  
Free Volume Model ◽  
Lubricant Rheology

The modified WLF equation developed in Part 1 was applied to the variation in viscosity, μ(T,P), for two series of binary blended lubricants containing a common synthetic diester (di(2ethylhexyl)sebacate) in a polyphenyl ether (5P4E) and in a naphthenic mineral oil (N1). Dilatometric observations and the viscosity analysis indicate that the relations needed to predict the pressure functions in the modified WLF equation for the binary mixture can be obtained from those of respective components. These relations allow us to estimate μ(T,P) of a binary blended lubricant without measurements of the high pressure viscosity of the blend. For practical applications, the modified WLF equation may also be useful for predicting μ(T,P) of blended lubricant products.

scholarly journals Practical applications of atomic force microscopy in biomedicine

STEMedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. e15
Author(s):  
Nicola Galvanetto
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

The last thirty years of progress of atomic force microscopy (AFM) applied to living matter is reviewed with a focus on potential uses in drug discovery or screening of patient samples. AFM-based technologies are still at Proof of Concept level - or below, however, they are particularly promising for i) live imaging of unlabeled membrane proteins and ii) nanomechanical screening of biological samples, e.g. cancer biopsies.

scholarly journals Advances in Low Pressure Carburizing and High-Pressure Gas Quenching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Manufacturing Line ◽  
Gas Quenching

Abstract Low Pressure Carburizing (LPC) in combination with High Pressure Gas Quenching (HPGQ) has been established as an advanced and robust technology for case hardening. The process can be applied with batches consisting of multiple layers as well as batches consisting of single-layers. The paper shows the latest progress in LPC and HPGQ for the heat treatment of automotive and aerospace components. Significant progress has been made by continuous improvements in the fields of- Fixturing / load densities,- Reduction of cycle times,- Control of distortion,- Digitalization / Automation,- Quality control and- Integration of heat treatment into the manufacturing line. Practical applications are shown for both multiple- and single layer treatment.

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