Smithson Tennant: meteorites and the final trip to France

Author(s):  
Mark I Grossman

Smithson Tennant is known mainly for his discovery of osmium and iridium. This paper details Tennant's involvement with meteorites, which has received little attention by his biographers, and provides new information about his final stay in Paris. Tennant reported his analysis of the Cape of Good Hope meteorite in 1806 and received a sample of the Bendego meteorite in 1811 that was subsequently analysed by Wollaston. During Tennant's final trip to France, which began in September 1814, Berthollet presented a sample of the Limerick meteorite that he received from Tennant to the French Institute. Tennant visited Delamétherie, and an unpublished letter acquired by the author shows that he met the explorer and scientist Alexander von Humboldt. The Limerick meteorite was discussed with Delamétherie and probably with Humboldt. Evidence suggests that Tennant met the painter François Gérard and the scientists Biot, Arago, Gay-Lussac and Cuvier. The Limerick meteorite specimen that Tennant gave to Berthollet is probably Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle sample MNHN-35, whose donor is unknown. Tennant was the first to be quoted in the scientific literature about the Limerick meteorite—more than three years before the scientist William Higgins published his account of the meteorite shower.

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Zachary J. Loughman

Herpetocultural practices are based on norms driven by economy of space and time for keepers, with little scientific inference backing their practice. In recent years, a subset of herpetoculturalists have promoted evidence-based husbandry that relies on science and experimental design to generate husbandry practice. A theoretical framework and protocol are proposed herein that enables any individual who has access to the internet the ability to use various outlets of natural history information (scientific literature databases, social media sources, and weather websites) and previously published husbandry reports as evidence to drive the creation of novel herpetocultural practice. A case study is provided which compares readily available information on the care of Hydrodynastes gigas (false water cobra), such as online care sheets for the species, with the proposed evidence based herpetocultural protocol founded on natural history information and published care and captive breeding reports. Results were assessed for protocol efficacy and determined that the natural history informed evidence-based approach increased animal welfare and generated new information specific to the natural history of H. gigas.


2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1709) ◽  
pp. 20150457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Lorch ◽  
Susan Knowles ◽  
Julia S. Lankton ◽  
Kathy Michell ◽  
Jaime L. Edwards ◽  
...  

Since 2006, there has been a marked increase in the number of reports of severe and often fatal fungal skin infections in wild snakes in the eastern USA. The emerging condition, referred to as snake fungal disease (SFD), was initially documented in rattlesnakes, where the infections were believed to pose a risk to the viability of affected populations. The disease is caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola , a fungus recently split from a complex of fungi long referred to as the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV). Here we review the current state of knowledge about O. ophiodiicola and SFD. In addition, we provide original findings which demonstrate that O. ophiodiicola is widely distributed in eastern North America, has a broad host range, is the predominant cause of fungal skin infections in wild snakes and often causes mild infections in snakes emerging from hibernation. This new information, together with what is already available in the scientific literature, advances our knowledge of the cause, pathogenesis and ecology of SFD. However, additional research is necessary to elucidate the factors driving the emergence of this disease and develop strategies to mitigate its impacts. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.


Author(s):  
Mariana Neves ◽  
Jurica Ševa

Abstract Motivation Annotation tools are applied to build training and test corpora, which are essential for the development and evaluation of new natural language processing algorithms. Further, annotation tools are also used to extract new information for a particular use case. However, owing to the high number of existing annotation tools, finding the one that best fits particular needs is a demanding task that requires searching the scientific literature followed by installing and trying various tools. Methods We searched for annotation tools and selected a subset of them according to five requirements with which they should comply, such as being Web-based or supporting the definition of a schema. We installed the selected tools (when necessary), carried out hands-on experiments and evaluated them using 26 criteria that covered functional and technical aspects. We defined each criterion on three levels of matches and a score for the final evaluation of the tools. Results We evaluated 78 tools and selected the following 15 for a detailed evaluation: BioQRator, brat, Catma, Djangology, ezTag, FLAT, LightTag, MAT, MyMiner, PDFAnno, prodigy, tagtog, TextAE, WAT-SL and WebAnno. Full compliance with our 26 criteria ranged from only 9 up to 20 criteria, which demonstrated that some tools are comprehensive and mature enough to be used on most annotation projects. The highest score of 0.81 was obtained by WebAnno (of a maximum value of 1.0).


1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
K. E. Bugge

The Grundtvig Collection at the Institute of Danish Church History.By K. E. Bugge.In the autumn of 1956 a new Institute for Danish Church History was inaugurated under the auspices of the University of Copenhagen. Shortly afterwards there appeared several articles by the Head of the Institute, Prof. Hal Koch, in which, among other things, he called attention to the exceptionally fine Grundtvig collection belonging to the Institute. The purpose of the present article is to give a brief account of some of the rarities contained in the collection.The main part of it consists of the so-called “ Thorsen-Collection”, which was made by the late Inspector N. F. Thorsen, who died in 1946, and which was bought in 1947 by the University of Copenhagen with a view to its use by the proposed Institute for Danish Church History. The catalogue of the Thorsen Collection contains about 850 items, even if periodicals and works in several volumes are reckoned as single items. The size of the collection is partly due to the fact that Thorsen acquired not only one, but several copies of a single work of Grundtvig’s, if these were printed on different kinds of paper. Furthermore, he also endeavoured to get hold of uncut copies, copies with their original dust-jackets, and works containing dedications in Grundtvig’s own handwriting to members of his family or of his circle of friends. Finally, the collection also contains some copies of proof together with a small collection of books which belonged to Grundtvig.Besides books and articles the Thorsen collection also contains a series of cuttings from contemporary daily papers and periodicals. In addition, there is a fairly large collection of works dealing with Grundtvigianism and Grundtvig’s family. In 1950 the collection was supplemented by the purchase of a picture collection containing 83 pictures and with a collection of about 170 cuttings from newspapers and periodicals. Since then the collection has been further supplemented, partly by gifts and partly by purchases. The present article gives a survey of the way in which the Institute’s Grundtvig collection provides us with new information about Grundtvig’s life and literary work, and shows how on the basis of this material we can correct various things which had formerly been reckoned as facts.The most interesting feature of the part of the collection which is catalogued under the title, “Grundtvig’s ancestors and family” , is the books by and about F. L. Grundtvig. The Institute possesses a complete set of copies of the weekly “Brevduen” (“ The Messenger Dove” ) which F. L. Grundtvig issued as a boy together with Svend Høgsbro and the brothers Joakim and Niels Skovgaard. In addition, there are a good many books bearing the signature of F. L. Grundtvig; again, others have belonged to members of the inner family circle and are therefore adorned with dedicatory poems in F. L. Grundtvig’s own handwriting. Unfortunately none of these poems was known in 1955, when Høirup’s book on F. L. Grundtvig appeared.In the part of the collection which is catalogued under the title, “Grundtvig’s collection of books” , there are two books in particular which arouse our interest. The first is Grundtvig’s own copy of the book, “Cathecismi Forklaring” (“Explanation of the Catechism” ), 1779, by his father, Johan Grundtvig, which was presented to Grundtvig in January 1791. Here and there in the book various additions have been inserted in Grundtvig’s handwriting. Next may be named Ulfila’s Gothic translation of the Bible in the edition of 1805 by J. Christian Zahn. The book belonged to Grundtvig, and later to his son, Svend Grundtvig. Grundtvig provided the glossary in the latter part of the book with numerous notes, both in ink and in pencil. These notes give us an interesting insight into Grundtvig’s ideas about the etymology of different words. A real tit-bit for philologists!Finally we must mention two smaller sections of the Institute’s Grundtvig collection: first a collection of notes on Grundtvig’s hymns and poems, and then a collection of unpublished material concerning Grundtvig. The lastnamed collection contains, among other things, an unpublished letter, dated 28/4 1867, dealing “ inter alia” , with Grundtvig’s mental illness in 1867.The Institute’s Grundtvig collection is probably one of the three most complete Grundtvig collections which exist. Only the collections in the Royal Library and in the Grundtvig Library at Vartov can be compared with the one described here. These three great collections supplement each other admirably, since each of them contains Grundtvigiana which the two others do not possess.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Jimeno Yepes ◽  
David Martinez Iraola ◽  
Pieter Barnard ◽  
Tinu Joy

We have created a corpus for the extraction of information related to diagnosis from scientific literature focused on eye diseases. It was shown that the annotation of entities has a relatively large agreement among annotators, which translates into strong performance of the trained methods, mostly BioBERT. Furthermore it was observed that relation annotation in this domain has challenges, which might require additional exploration. When using the trained models on MEDLINE, we could identify confirmed knowledge about the diagnosis of eye diseases and relevant new information, which supports the developments in this work. The corpus that we have developed is publicly available, thus the scientific community is able to reproduce our work and reuse the corpus in their work.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Nadia M Cartwright ◽  
Danyelle M Liddle ◽  
Benjamin Arceneaux ◽  
Genevieve Newton ◽  
Jennifer M Monk

In a fourth year undergraduate nutritional toxicology course that included an instructional emphasis on scientific literature critique activities and assessments, we determined the change in students’ (n=144) scientific literacy (SL) skills. The change in students’ perceived and practical SL skills were determined by the completion of two surveys, administered at the start and end of the semester. Additionally, we conducted a follow-up SL survey at the end of the subsequent academic semester (i.e., four months later) to determine if students retained any improvements in their SL skills. Over the semester, students showed improvements in their perceived capabilities of all SL skill parameters assessed (P<0.05); however, the most significant gains were apparent in the areas of i) knowledge application (specifically identifying novel problems or research questions and using new information to address unfamiliar problems or knowledge gaps), and ii) knowledge translation and communication (translating complex information from the scientific literature into clear and understandable terms). There was no change in students TOSLS score between the start and end of the semester (P>0.05). In the follow-up SL survey students showed further improvements in their perceptions of the SL skills for 7 or the 10 parameters assessed compared to the end of the previous semester (P<0.05), however, there remained no change in their practical SL skills assessed using TOSLS. Collectively, these data demonstrate that students’ perceptions of their SL capabilities may not align with their practical capabilities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-552
Author(s):  
Lionel Obadia

The relationship between religion and the Internet has been attracting more attention by researchers in recent years. Magic, however, is still relatively overlooked in this area, and has not given rise to influential studies in the field. Based on investigations on the Internet, other new information and communication technologies, and a survey of the scientific literature, this article intends to lay the groundwork for a consideration of magic and new information technology, and to highlight the specificity of a perspective in terms of digital magic, distinct from that of one exclusively focused on digital religion.


Author(s):  
J. Y. Koo ◽  
G. Thomas

High resolution electron microscopy has been shown to give new information on defects(1) and phase transformations in solids (2,3). In a continuing program of lattice fringe imaging of alloys, we have applied this technique to the martensitic transformation in steels in order to characterize the atomic environments near twin, lath and αmartensite boundaries. This paper describes current progress in this program.Figures A and B show lattice image and conventional bright field image of the same area of a duplex Fe/2Si/0.1C steel described elsewhere(4). The microstructure consists of internally twinned martensite (M) embedded in a ferrite matrix (F). Use of the 2-beam tilted illumination technique incorporating a twin reflection produced {110} fringes across the microtwins.


Author(s):  
L. Andrew Staehelin

Freeze-etched membranes usually appear as relatively smooth surfaces covered with numerous small particles and a few small holes (Fig. 1). In 1966 Branton (1“) suggested that these surfaces represent split inner mem¬brane faces and not true external membrane surfaces. His theory has now gained wide acceptance partly due to new information obtained from double replicas of freeze-cleaved specimens (2,3) and from freeze-etch experi¬ments with surface labeled membranes (4). While theses studies have fur¬ther substantiated the basic idea of membrane splitting and have shown clearly which membrane faces are complementary to each other, they have left the question open, why the replicated membrane faces usually exhibit con¬siderably fewer holes than particles. According to Branton's theory the number of holes should on the average equal the number of particles. The absence of these holes can be explained in either of two ways: a) it is possible that no holes are formed during the cleaving process e.g. due to plastic deformation (5); b) holes may arise during the cleaving process but remain undetected because of inadequate replication and microscope techniques.


Author(s):  
Y. Taniguchi ◽  
E. Nakazawa ◽  
S. Taya

Imaging energy filters can add new information to electron microscopic images with respect to energy-axis, so-called electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI). Recently, many good results have been reported using this imaging technique. ESI also allows high-contrast observation of unstained biological samples, becoming a trend of the field of morphology. We manufactured a new type of energy filter as a trial production. This energy filter consists of two magnets, and we call γ-filter since the trajectory of electrons shows ‘γ’-shape inside the filter. We evaluated the new energyγ-filter TEM with the γ-filter.Figure 1 shows schematic view of the electron optics of the γ-type energy filter. For the determination of the electron-optics of the γ-type energy filter, we used the TRIO (Third Order Ion Optics) program which has been developed for the design of high resolution mass spectrometers. The TRIO takes the extended fringing fields (EFF) into consideration. EFF makes it difficult to design magnetic energy filters with magnetic sector fields.


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