III. Spectroscopic studies on gaseous explosions. No. I

1883 ◽  
Vol 36 (228-231) ◽  
pp. 471-478
Keyword(s):  
Glass Tube ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Platinum Wire ◽  
Iron Tube

Having occasion to observe the spectrum of the flash of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen fired in a Cavendish eudiometer, we were struck by the brightness, not only of the ubiquitous yellow sodium line, but of the blue calcium line and the orange and green bands of lime, as well as of other lines which were not identified. The eudio­meter being at first clean and dry, the calcium must be derived either from the glass or from some spray of the water over which the gases with which the eudiometer was filled had been confined. It seemed incredible that the momentary flash should detach and light up lime from the glass, but subsequent observations have pointed to that con elusion. Our next experiments were made on the flash of the com­bining gases inclosed in an iron tube, half an inch in diameter and about 3 feet long, closed at one end with a plate of quartz, held in its place by a screw-cap and made tight by leaden washers. Two narrow brass tubes were brazed into the iron tube at right angles to the axis, one near each end, and one of these was connected with an air-pump, the other with the reservoir of gas. Into one of these brass tubes was cemented a piece of glass tube with a platinum wire fused into it whereby the electric spark was passed to fire the gas. The tube was placed so that its axis might be in line with the axis of the collimator of a spectroscope, and the flash observed as it travelled along the tube.

scholarly journals Voigt Transform and Umbral Image

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Silvia Licciardi ◽  
Rosa Maria Pidatella ◽  
Marcello Artioli ◽  
Giuseppe Dattoli
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Umbral Calculus ◽  
Laguerre Functions ◽  
Hermite And Laguerre Functions ◽  
Higher Order Functions ◽  
Voigt Function

In this paper, we show that the use of methods of an operational nature, such as umbral calculus, allows achieving a double target: on one side, the study of the Voigt function, which plays a pivotal role in spectroscopic studies and in other applications, according to a new point of view, and on the other, the introduction of a Voigt transform and its possible use. Furthermore, by the same method, we point out that the Hermite and Laguerre functions, extension of the corresponding polynomials to negative and/or real indices, can be expressed through a definition in a straightforward and unified fashion. It is illustrated how the techniques that we are going to suggest provide an easy derivation of the relevant properties along with generalizations to higher order functions.

Comparative Spectroscopic Studies on Luminescence Performance of Er3+ Doped Tellurite Glass Embedded with Different Nanoparticles (Ag Co and Fe) at 0.55 μm Emission

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Syariffah Nurathirah Syed Yaacob ◽  
Md. Rahim Sahar ◽  
Faizani Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Liyana Amiar Rodin ◽  
Siti Khadijah Mohd Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Tellurite Glass ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Melt Quenching ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Doped Glass ◽  
Luminescence Performance

The spectroscopic performance of Er3+ doped glass at 0.55 mm emission contain different nanoparticles NPs have been comparatively evaluated. Glass containing 1.0 mol % of Er3+ doped with different NPs (Ag, Co and Fe ) have been prepared using melt quenching technique. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the all the prepared samples are amorphous. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of all glasses show several prominent peaks at 525 nm, 660 nm, 801nm, 982 nm and 959 nm due to transition from ground state 4I15/2 to different excited of 2H11/2, 4F9/2, 4I9/2, 4I11/2, and 4I13/2. The emission of Er3+ at 0.55 mm for glass contain Ag NP shows significant enhancement about 3 folds up to 0.6 mol%. On the other hand, the emission of Er3+ at 0.55 mm for glass containing Fe NPs and Co NPs intensely quench probably due to the energy-transfer from Er3+ ion to NPs and magnetic contributions.

scholarly journals Bakerian Lecture—On certain phenomena of voltaic ignition, and on the decomposition of water into its constituent gases by heat

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 657-659
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Platinum Wire ◽  
Philosophical Magazine ◽  
Decomposition Of Water

The author refers to an eudiometer, an account of which was published by him in the ‘Philosophical Magazine’ for 1840, formed of a glass tube, into the closed extremity of which a loop of plati­num wire was sealed. The gases to be analysed were mixed in this tube with a given volume of oxygen and hydrogen, and detonated or slowly combined by the voltaic ignition of the platinum wire. He was thence led to try a further set of experiments on the analysis, by this instrument, of such gases and vapours as are decomposable by heat; the process being capable of much greater exactness than the received one of passing them through ignited tubes. The re­sults of the analyses of several gases by this means are given in the paper. When carbonic acid and hydrogen are mixed in equal volumes and exposed to the ignited wire, the hydrogen abstracts oxygen from the carbonic acid, and leaves carbonic oxide. Con­versely, when carbonic oxide is exposed over water to the ignited wire, it abstracts oxygen from the aqueous vapour, and forms car­bonic acid. It thus appeared, that provided there were bodies present capable of absorbing by affinity the elements of water, ignited platinum would either compose or decompose water. The author was thence led to hope that he might by ignited platinum decompose water into its constituents, without absorption by other bodies, and thus pro­duce converse effects to those already known. In this he ultimately succeeded by various methods, in some of which the ignition was produced by electrical means; in others by ordinary calorific pro­cesses, such as the oxyhydrogen blowpipe, &c.

Theoretical analysis of ultraviolet spectroscopic studies on the feathering of cream in coffee

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Pink ◽  
Lucie Hamboyan ◽  
Helen Aboud
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Linear Combination ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectra ◽  
Spectral Bands

SummaryUltraviolet spectra of solutions of instant and filter coffees have been analysed as a linear combination of component Gaussian bands. We show that the ratio, R′, of two of these bands, one at 329 nm due almost entirely to chlorogenic acid, and the other at 272 nm due to a coffee component not appearing in the chlorogenic acid spectrum, is analogous to the ratio R (Hamboyan et al. 1989). The use of R which is easier to measure than R′ has therefore been justified on physical grounds, based on the existence of component spectral bands. Filter coffees appeared to exhibit behaviour similar to that of instant coffees.

Haustral septations increase axial and radial distribution of luminal contents in glass models of the colon

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. G706-G709 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Brown ◽  
J. E. Schrier ◽  
K. S. Berbaum ◽  
S. S. Shirazi ◽  
K. Schulze-Delrieu
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Test Particle ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Increase Efficiency

We used two glass models of the colon to test the hypothesis that luminal septations increase efficiency of flow. Each was a straight glass tube 4 cm in diameter and filled with water. One had four septations narrowing the lumen to 2 cm; the other had no septations. For each run, liquid dye and one solid test particle were placed at one end of the model. A single pressure pulse was applied to the dye and particle. The distance each traveled was compared using analysis of variance. The nonseptated model had poor mixing of dye, and the particle moved only short distances. In the septated model, there was thorough mixing of dye and the particle moved rapidly along what appeared as a central core of high-velocity liquid flow from one septal opening to another. Compared with the nonseptated model, this produced statistically significant increases in the distances traveled by means of 32 (dye) and 90% (particle). Our studies suggest that septations in a tubular organ facilitate intraluminal mixing and flow of liquids and solids.

scholarly journals The relation between secretory and capillary pressure. I.—The salivary secretion

1912 ◽  
Vol 85 (579) ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
Side Hole ◽  
The Right

Since Ludwig made the discovery that the secretory pressure of a gland may double that of the arterial pressure when the outflow of saliva is obstructed, no one, so far as we know, has investigated the circulatory conditions, in the gland under these circumstances. This has been the object of the present research. Our method is as follows:—We place a cannula in the duct of the submaxillary gland of the cat or dog and prepare the chorda tympani nerve for excitation. A second cannula is placed in the carotid artery of the opposite side of the neck. Each cannula is connected, either with a mercurial manometer or, as in our latest experiments, with two Leonard Hill pocket sphygmometer gauges. This gauge consists of a thick-walled glass tube with a fine capillary lumen closed at one end where the lumen expands into a small air chamber. Half an inch from the open end there is a side hole. On placing this end in a solution of potash a fluid meniscus rises to the side hole, which marks the zero of the instrument. (Potash is used to keep the tube free from grease.) One end of a piece of rubber is slipped over the open end of the gauge so as to cover the side hole, and the other end then connected with the cannula. The pressure of the saliva or blood forces the meniscus up the gauge, which is graduated in millimetres of mercury and acts as a spring manometer. We find these gauges very convenient to use as they can be placed side by side and the readings compared at a glance. Before making the connections with the gauges we expose the veins which course over the submaxillary gland and contribute to the formation of the external jugular vein. Having found the vein which issues from the gland we tie all the other veins, leaving this one free so that at the right moment we can clip the external jugular and open it so as to observe the outflow of blood from the gland. When all is thus prepared we excite the chorda tympani nerve. As soon as the secretory pressure rises above the arterial pressure we open the vein and observe the flow of blood. We find that under these conditions the blood continues to flow and issues from the vein in a fairly ample stream of a colour more arterial than venous. The gland itself feels tense to the touch. By squeezing the gland we find that we can further raise the pressure of the secretion, while at the same time we impede the outflow of blood. On allowing the secretory pressure to fall to atmospheric pressure we find that the outflow from the vein becomes much ampler; in one experiment it was approximately doubled, e. g. 40 drops in 15 seconds as compared with 27 drops in 20 seconds at the highest secretory pressure (240 mm. Hg.). In some experiments we observed the venous outflow from the time we began to excite the chorda tympani. Under these circumstances we find that the outflow from the gland at rest is very slow and the blood venous in colour. On stimulating the chorda, the outflow becomes very ample, the blood arterial in colour, and remains so during the rise of secretory pressure until this pressure rises higher than the arterial, when the outflow becomes lessened and the blood less arterial in colour.

scholarly journals IV. On the development of electric currents by magnetism and heat

1869 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 265-267
Keyword(s):  
Copper Wire ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Rubber Band ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Thin Glass ◽  
Iron Wire ◽  
It Flexibility ◽  
Electric Current Passing

I have devised the following apparatus for demonstrating a relation of current electricity to magnetism and heat. A A, fig. 3, is a wooden base, upon which is supported, by four brass clamps, two, B, B, on each side, a coil of wire, C; the coil is 6 inches long, 1½ inch external diameter, and ⅜ of an inch internal diameter, lined with a thin glass tube; it consists of 18 layers, or about 3000 turns of insulated copper wire of 0·415 millim. diameter (or size No. 26 of ordinary wire-gauge); D is a permanent bar-magnet held in its place by the screws E, E, and having upon its poles two flat armatures of soft iron, F, F, placed edgewise. Within the axis of the coil is a straight wire of soft iron, G, one end of which is held fast by the pillar-screw H, and the other by the cylindrical binding-screw I; the latter screw has a hook, to which is attached a vulcanized india-rubber band, J, which is stretched and held secure by the hooked brass rod K and the pillar-screw L. The screw H is surmounted by a small mercury cup for making connexions with one pole of a voltaic battery, the other pole of the battery being secured to the pillar-screw M, which is also surmounted by a small mercury cup, and is connected with the cylindrical binding-screw I by a copper wire with a middle flattened portion O to impart to it flexibility. The two ends of the fine wire coil are soldered to two small binding-screws at the back; those screws are but partly shown in the sketch, and are for the purpose of connexion with a suitable galvanometer. The armatures F, F are grooved on their upper edges, and the iron wire lies in these grooves in contact with them; and to prevent the electric current passing through the magnet, a small piece of paper or other thin non-conductor is inserted between the magnet and one of the armatures. The battery employed consisted of six Grove’s elements (arranged in one series), with the immersed portion of platinum plates about 5 inches by 3 inches; it was sufficiently strong to heat an iron wire 1·03 millim. diameter and 20·5 centims. long to a low red heat.

scholarly journals II.—Circular Magnetisations accompanying Axial and Sectional Currents along Iron Tubes

1895 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Cargill G. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Induction ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Diameter Measurement ◽  
Current Passing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iron Tube ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
A Current

The experiments now to be described have for their object the investigation of the magnetic induction in an iron conductor under the influence of a current passing through it. The method of experiment was briefly in this wise. An iron tube was magnetised circularly by a current passed from end to end along its entire length; and the induction so produced in the iron was measured in terms of the current induced in a coil of wire wound longitudinally round the walls of the tube.In the experiments four tubes were used, all of the same length and nearly the same external diameter. The internal diameters of one pair were approximately double those of the other. The various dimensions are given accurately in the following table, the tubes being distinguished as A, B, a, b. Each diameter measurement is the mean of eight measurements taken across different diameters.

scholarly journals On a new compound of chlorine and carbon

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 153-153
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Rock Crystal ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Green Glass ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The above substance was discovered by M. Julien, of Abo, in Finland, amongst the products arising out of the distillation of calcined sulphate of iron, with crude nitre in iron retorts. It forms white acicular crystals by sublimation, and when passed through a green glass tube containing red-hot rock crystal, it is decomposed with the deposition of charcoal and evolution of chlorine. It is not altered by repeated sublimations in chlorine. It was analysed by passing its vapour over red-hot oxide of copper, by which chloride of copper and carbonic acid gas were produced: the former was de­composed by nitrate of silver, and the proportion of chlorine esti­mated by that of chloride of silver formed. From this and other experiments, the authors conclude that this substance consists of one portion of chlorine and two of carbon: they failed in their endea­vours to convert it into either of the other chlorides of carbon, to which, in its physical and chemical properties, it bears however a considerable resemblance.

scholarly journals IV. On a magneto-electric machine

1867 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 404-405
Keyword(s):  
Copper Wire ◽  
Electric Machine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Platinum Wire ◽  
External Work ◽  
Small Machine

In June 1864 I received from Mr. Wilde a small magneto-electric machine, consisting of a Siemens’s armature and six magnets. This I endeavoured to improve upon, my object being to get a cheap machine for blasting with Abel's fusees. This was done by making one of circular magnets, and a Siemens's armature revolving directly between the poles, the armature forming the circles; with this I could send a very considerable power into an electro-magnet, &c. It was then suggested to me by my assistant, that if the armature had two wires instead of one, the current from one being sent through a wire surrounding the magnets, their power would be augmented, and a considerable current might be obtained from the other wire available for external work; or there might be two armatures, one to exalt the power of the magnets, and the other made available for blasting other purposes. Want of time prevented me carrying this out until now; but since the interesting papers of C. W. Siemens, F. R. S., and Proissor Wheatstone, F. R. S., were read last month, I have carried out the idea as follows:— Two bars of soft iron, measuring 7½in. x 2½ in. x ½in., are each wound, round the centre portions, with about thirty yards of No. 10 copper wire; and shoes of soft iron are so attached at each end, that when the bars are placed one above the other there will be a space left between the opposite shoes in which a Siemens’s armature can rotate: on each of the armatures is wound about ten yards of No. 14 copper wire cotton covered. The current generated in one of the armatures is always in connexion with the electro-magnets; and the current from the second armature, being perfectly free, can be used for any purpose for which it may be required. The machine is altogether rudely constructed, and is only intended to illustrate the principle; but with this small machine three inches platinum wire ·01 can be made incandescent.

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