scholarly journals X. On the reflection and refraction of light at the surface of a magnetized medium

1891 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 371-396
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Electromagnetic Theory ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Reflection And Refraction ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Reflecting Surface

1. The object of this investigation is to endeavour to ascertain how far the electromagnetic theory of light, as at present developed, is capable of giving a theoretical explanation of Dr. Kerr’s experiments on the effect of magnetism on light. In the first series of experiments polarized light was reflected from the polished pole of an electromagnet, and it was found that when the circuit was closed, so that the reflecting surface became magnetized perpendicularly to itself, the reflected light exhibited certain peculiarities, which disappeared when the circuit was broken.

scholarly journals III. On the reflection and refraction of light at the surface of a magnetised medium

1891 ◽  
Vol 49 (296-301) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Electromagnetic Theory ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Reflection And Refraction ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Polished Plate ◽  
Reflecting Surface

The object of the present paper is to endeavour to ascertain how far the electromagnetic theory of light, as at present developed, is capable of giving a theoretical explanation of Dr. Kerr’s experiments on the effect of magnetism on light. In first series of experiments, polarised light was reflected from the polished pole of an electromagnet, so that the lines of magnetic force were perpendicular to the reflecting surface; and in the second series, the light was reflected from a polished plate of soft iron laid upon the poles of a horseshoe electromagnet, so that the lines of magnetic force were parallel to the reflecting surface.

scholarly journals On the intensity of light reflected from transparent substances

1907 ◽  
Vol 79 (527) ◽  
pp. 18-30 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Polished Glass ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
Crucial Test ◽  
Careful Comparison ◽  
Theory And Experiment

A careful comparison of theory with experiment as regards the intensity of reflection would seem to suggest itself naturally as a crucial test of the validity of any optical theory. In spite of this, it was not till late in the last century that the problem was seriously undertaken by experimentalists. In 1870 Rood turned his attention to. the subject with the view of testing Fresnel’s laws, and concluded from his experiments “that the reflecting power of glass conforms, in the closest manner, to the predictions of theory.” However, in 1886, this conclusion was shown to be untenable by Lord Rayleigh. The difficulties of measuring the intensity of the reflected light accurately are very considerable, and Rood had contented himself with estimating the transmitted light and deducing the amount that was reflected. Rayleigh showed that when this fact was considered the difference between Fresnel’s formula and Rood’s experimental results might amount to 7 per cent, of the reflected light, a difference much too great to be regarded as insignificant. Rayleigh found from his own experiments that recently polished glass has a reflecting power differing not more than 1 or 2 per cent, from Fresnel’s formula; but that after some months or years the reflection may fall off 10 per cent, or more, and that without any apparent tarnish. About the same time Sir John Conroy carried out a lengthy series of experiments on the same subject. His results were published in the ‘Phil. Trans.,’ 1888, and confirmed those of Lord Rayleigh. There can thus be no doubt of a decided departure from Fresnel’s formula under certain circumstances. The difference is too great to be put down to experimental errors, and there is no evidence of such errors, seeing that the results of experiment are fairly consistent. Nor can there be very much doubt as to the direction in which to look for an explanation of the apparent divergence between theory and experiment. Everything points to a changing condition of the reflecting surface, and this suggests that a consideration of the layer of transition will show how Fresnel’s laws are departed from in this as in some other directions. The object of the present paper is to investigate this matter rather more systematically than appears to have been done hitherto.

Dalnegroite, Tl5–xPb2x(As,Sb)2l–xS34, a new thallium sulphosalt from Lengenbach quarry, Binntal, Switzerland

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nestola ◽  
A. Guastoni ◽  
L. Bindi ◽  
L. Secco
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Mohs Hardness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
Probable Space

AbstractDalnegroite, ideally Tl4Pb2(As12Sb8)Σ20S34, is a new mineral from Lengenbach, Binntal, Switzerland. It occurs as anhedral to subhedral grains up to 200 μm across, closely associated with realgar, pyrite, Sb-rich seligmanite in a gangue of dolomite. Dalnegroite is opaque with a submetallic lustre and shows a brownish-red streak. It is brittle; the Vickers hardness (VHN25) is 87 kg mm-2(range: 69—101) (Mohs hardness ∼3—3½). In reflected light, dalnegroite is highly bireflectant and weakly pleochroic, from white to a slightly greenish-grey. In cross-polarized light, it is highly anisotropic with bluish to green rotation tints and red internal reflections.According to chemical and X-ray diffraction data, dalnegroite appears to be isotypic with chabournéite, Tl5-xPb2x(Sb,As)21-xS34. It is triclinic, probable space groupP1, witha= 16.217(7) Å,b= 42.544(9) Å,c= 8.557(4) Å, α = 95.72(4)°, β = 90.25(4)°, γ = 96.78(4)°,V= 5832(4) Å3,Z= 4.The nine strongest powder-diffraction lines [d(Å) (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 3.927 (100) (10 0); 3.775 (45) (22); 3.685 (45) (60); 3.620 (50) (440); 3.124 (50) (2); 2.929 (60) (42); 2.850 (70) (42); 2.579 (45) (02); 2.097 (60) (024). The mean of 11 electron microprobe analyses gave elemental concentrations as follows: Pb 10.09(1) wt.%, Tl 20.36(1), Sb 23.95(1), As 21.33(8), S 26.16(8), totalling 101.95 wt.%, corresponding to Tl4.15Pb2.03(As11.86Sb8.20)S34. The new mineral is named for Alberto Dal Negro, Professor in Mineralogy and Crystallography at the University of Padova since 1976.

Phase Detection for Nanometer Scale Metal Film’s Thickness Based on SPR Effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Dong Xin ◽  
Qing Gang Liu ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Ting Ting Li ◽  
Shi Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Resonance Effect ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Phase Detection ◽  
Surface Plasmon Resonance Effect ◽  
Interference Fringes ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Phase Data ◽  
Spr Effect

It is found that the phase position of p-component of reflected light changes with the metal film thickness, while the phase position of s-component almost doesn’t change in the Surface Plasmon Resonance effect. S-polarized light is taken as reference and interferometry is adopted to turn the change of the phase position into the change of interference fringes position in the paper, and the film thickness can be derived from it. The simulation results indicated that, through making use of piecewise quadratic fitting on the phase data, the inaccuracy with the range of film thickness is between 30 and 80 nanometers is not more than 0.33 nm.

Polarized Light Studies of the Cornea

1953 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
A. STANWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Transmitted Light ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Photographic Image ◽  
Reflected Light

A method is described of measuring the birefringence of the intact cornea using light reflected obliquely from its posterior surface. The value obtained (0.0037) is in reasonable agreement with the results obtained by using transmitted light and from corneal sections. The change in birefringence with an increase in intraocular pressure from 10 to 40 mm. Hg is about 7% of this. The change in birefringence was also assessed by changes in the density of the photographic image of the reflected light from the surface, and this affords a possible way in which the intraocular pressure could be measured in the human subject without touching the eye.

Reduction of Reflected Light On Fluorescence Emission for Indocyanine Green

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yoon Kwon ◽  
Ki-Cheol Yoon ◽  
Kwang Gi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Light Reflection ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Surgical Microscope ◽  
Reflected Light

Abstract Inside the brain tumor, the blood vessels are intricately composed, and the tumors and blood vessels are similar in color. Therefore, when observing tumors and blood vessels with the naked eye or a surgical microscope, it is difficult to distinguish between tumors and blood vessels. Fluorescence staining with indocyanine green (ICG) is performed to distinguish between brain tumors and blood vessels using a surgical microscope. However, when observing the blood circulation state of a tumor or blood vessel through a surgical microscope, light reflection occurs from the camera. In the process of observing the state of the blood vessel, due to the occurrence of light reflection, an obstruction phenomenon in which the observation field is blocked by the blood vessel of the object to be observed occurs. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose the vascular condition. In this experiment, the 780nm light-emitting diode (LED) was irradiated to the ICG phantom, and then, when the fluorescence expression image was observed, the polarizing filter such as circular polarized light (CPL) filter and linear polarized light (LPL) filter were inserted into the camera and the reflected light was reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the reflected light from the fluorescence expression image by using a polarizing filter, and it is expected to be applicable to surgery and diagnostic fields of cancer such as surgery.

Wood identification of charcoal with 3D-reflected light microscopy

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Zemke ◽  
Volker Haag ◽  
Gerald Koch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Carbonized Wood ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The present study focusses on the application of 3D-reflected light microscopy (3D-RLM) for the wood anatomical identification of charcoal specimens produced from domestic and tropical timbers. This special microscopic technique offers a detailed investigation of anatomical features in charcoal directly compared with the quality of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The advantages of using the 3D-RLM technology are that fresh fracture planes of charcoal can be directly observed under the microscope without further preparation or surface treatment. Furthermore, the 3D-technique with integrated polarized light illumination creates high-contrast images of uneven and black charcoal surfaces. Important diagnostic structural features such as septate fibres and intercellular canals can be clearly detected and intervessel pits are directly measured. The comparison of the microscopic analyses reveals that 3D-reflected light microscopy (3D-RLM) provides an effective alternative technique to conventional field emission scanning electron microscopy for the identification of carbonized wood.

scholarly journals Multipole Radiations from Large Gold Nanospheres Excited by Evanescent Wave

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Jingdong Chen ◽  
Jin Xiang ◽  
Shuai Jiang ◽  
Qiaofeng Dai ◽  
Shaolong Tie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evanescent Wave ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Electric Quadrupole ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
High Order ◽  
Gold Nanospheres ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Gold Nanosphere ◽  
Scattering Light ◽  
Plasmon Modes

We proposed the use of the evanescent wave generated in a total internal reflection configuration to excite large gold nanospheres and investigated the radiations of the high-order plasmon modes supported in gold nanospheres. It was revealed that the evanescent wave excitation is equivalent to the excitation by using both the incident and reflected light, offering us the opportunity to control the orientation of the electric field used to excite nanoparticles. In addition, it was found that the scattering light intensity is greatly enhanced and the background noise is considerably suppressed, making it possible to detect the radiations from high-order plasmon modes. Moreover, the influence of the mirror images on the scattering induced by a metal substrate is eliminated as compared with the surface plasmon polariton excitation. By exciting a gold nanosphere with s-polarized light and detecting the scattering light with a p-polarized analyzer, we were able to reveal the radiation from the electric quadrupole mode of the gold nanosphere in both the spatial and the frequency domains. Our findings are important for characterizing the radiations from the high-order modes of large nanoparticles and useful for designing nanoscale photonic devices.

scholarly journals Polarization Controlled Dual Functional Reflective Planar Metalens in Near Infrared Regime

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Zhang ◽  
Bowei Yang ◽  
Zhiying Liu ◽  
Yuegang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
New Method ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Light Manipulation ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Polarization States ◽  
Dual Functions

The metalens has been a hotspot in scientific communications in recent years. The polarization-controlled functional metalens is appealing in metalens investigation. We propose a metalens with dual functions that are controlled by polarization states. In the first design, when applied with x- and y-polarized light, two focal spots with different focal lengths are acquired, respectively. The proposed metalens performs well when illuminated with adjacent wavelengths. In the second design, the reflected light is focused when applied with x-polarized light, and when applied with y-polarized light, the reflected light is split into two oblique paths. We believe that the results will provide a new method in light manipulation.

A Novel Interactive 3D Display Based on Half-Silvered Mirror

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Kui Liu ◽  
Yue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
3D Display ◽  
Reflection And Refraction ◽  
3D Displays ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
Touch Panels ◽  
Interactive Experience

3D displays become more and more prevalent. Most 3D displays are so complicated and expensive that they are unavailable for ordinary people. Moreover, none of them are interactive. In this paper, we introduce a novel interactive low cost 3D display based on polarized light phenomenon. The system includes a touch box and two mutually perpendicular LCDs with a piece of half-silvered glass which bisects them. This novel system permits: (1) superior quality of display and (2) a novel interactive experience. The principle of the linearly polarized light reflection and refraction is deduced by Fresnel equations. The touch box is used to simulate 3D mouse, which consists of two touch panels. To show how it works, we implemented a 3D game application and a set of interactions are introduced.

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