scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities ofGinkgo bilobaL. Leaf Extracts

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2237-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sati ◽  
Savita Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Broth Dilution

The antibacterial activity of methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and hexane extracts of the leaves of Himalayan gymnospermous plantGinkgo bilobaL. was assessed against five animal and plant pathogenic strains (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Erwinia chrysanthemi, and Xanthomonas phaseoli) employing disc-diffusion and broth-dilution assays. The methanol extract showed the highest activity (zone of inhibition of 15–21 mm) followed by ethanol (14–19 mm), chloroform (15–20 mm), and hexane (14–19 mm) extracts at 250 μg/mL. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.8 μg/mL was found for the methanol extract against most of the pathogens tested.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF A CYANOBACTERIUM SCYTONEMA SCHMIDTII GOM

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Janardhan Namdeo Nehul
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Air Blower

Scytonema schmidtii,a cyanobacterium was isolated from the collected soil samples from different locations of Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra state (India). Identification was carried out using morphological variation and taxonomical approaches according to Desikachary (1959) and Prescott (1962) .The axenic culture of Scytonema schmidtii was obtained by using the method recommended by Bolch and Blackburn (1996). The isolated Scytonema schmidtii was grown autotropically in BG-11 medium as described by Rippka et al.,(1979) and incubated at 30±2°c.After 25 days, biomass was harvested by filtration through double layered muslin cloth and dried using air blower. The biomass of this Scytonema schmidtii species was used for the assessment of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus flavus and Proteus mirabilis. The antibacterial activity was studied by disc diffusion method (Anonymous,1996).Methanol extract of Scytonema schmidtii showed the activity against all the tested bacterial strains.Maximum zone of inhibition (23±1.9 mm) was recorded with methanol extract of Scytonema schmidtii.

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF A. CHEVALIERI HAMS (FABACEAE) STEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Murtala M. Namadina ◽  
A. M. Idris ◽  
U. Sunusi ◽  
M. H. Abdulrazak ◽  
F. M. Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Dental Infections

Albizia chevalieri Hams (Mimosaceae/Fabaceae), mostly found in the Northern Sahel Savannah region of Nigeria as well as in Nigér and Senegal is a tree of the acacia type with a long list of folklore therapeutic claims that include its use as purgative, taenicidal, cough remedy, dysentery, cancer, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis and snake bite remedy. However, many bacterial species have been reported to develop resistance to antibiotics commonly prescribed for dental infections. Therefore, the need to search for natural products for remedy to this problem cannot be overemphasized. The stem was collected, dried and powdered. The powder was thereafter extracted with distilled water and subsequently with methanol. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. Agar well diffusion, agar dilution and spread plate methods were employed to determine the zone of inhibition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and rate of killing respectively. Phytochemical screening of methanol and aqueous extracts of Albizia chevalieri stem revealed the presence of phenol, alkaloid, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids and carbohydrate as secondary metabolites. The two extracts showed broad spectrum of activity but the aqueous extract had larger zones of inhibition of 32 mm against S. mutans while methanol extract had higher zone of inhibition on S. aureus (24 mm). Low MIC and MBC values ranging from 6.25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml respectively. The results obtained also provided scientific evidence for the use of A. chevalieri in folklore medicine in the treatment of tooth infections.

scholarly journals Terpenoid components, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from fresh immature and mature leaves of Blumea balsamifera, extracted with different hydrodistillation periods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirinapha Jirakitticharoen ◽  
Wudtichai Wisuitiprot ◽  
Pongphen Jitareerat ◽  
Chalermchai Wongs-Aree
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities

AbstractVolatiles and antioxidant capacities in essential oils (EOs) from fresh immature and mature leaves of Blumea balsamifera, extracted with different extraction periods of hydrodistillation, were investigated. There were seven major terpenoid compounds in the leaf extracts, including 2 monoterpenes of camphor and L-borneol, and 5 sesquiterpenes of silphiperfol-5-ene, 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene, ß-caryophyllene, ɤ-eudesmol, and α-eudesmol. Different hydrodistillation periods resulted in different quantitates and compositions of the terpenoids in EOs. The yield of EOs from the immature leaves was 1.4 times higher than the mature ones, whereas 73% of the yield was collected from the first 6 h of hydrodistillation. Camphor and L-borneol were almost collected in the first 6 h, while ß-caryophyllene, silphiperfolene, and 7-epi-silphiperfolene were above 80%, but ɤ-eudesmol and α-eudesmol were only 32 and 54% released. ß-Caryophyllene, ɤ-eudesmol, and α-eudesmol were found higher in the mature leaf EOs. Antioxidant capacities in EOs were positively related to terpenoid contents. Antibacterial activity of EOs from the immature leaves was subsequently tested. Although EOs from the hydrodistillation period of 12-18 h contained fewer terpenoid compositions, it showed the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, compared to 0-6 h EOs.

Antibacterial Activities of Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Leaf Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Puspa Julistia Puspita ◽  
Mega Safithri ◽  
Nirmala Peni Sugiharti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Herbal Plants

Piper crocatum is one of medicinal herbal plants with a large number of benefits. Usually herbal plants have activity as antibacterial agent. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to obtain information on antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum againts four types of bacteria, in that Staphylococcus, Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and then to analyze the phytochemistry of the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum. The leaves of Piper crocatum were extracted by maceration and reflux using ethanol 30%. The assays of the antibacterial activities and phytochemistry on the extracts were carried out using the method of Maria Bintang. Results showed that the yield of the extraction using ethanol by maceration method was 20.8%. Meanwhile, using the reflux method, the yield was obtained about 26.25%. The phytochemistry analysis showed that the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum contained alkaloid, steroid and tanin. According to this study, it was found that the leaf extract of Piper crocatum can be used to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis and P. aeuruginosa, but can not inhibit the growth of E.coli and S. aureus.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to patterns of ciprofloxacin among nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates collected in Banepa, Nepal from enteric fever patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girija Roka ◽  
Subash Pandaya ◽  
Md. Reyad-ul Ferdous ◽  
Manson Pandey ◽  
Naba Raj Pokhrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

The present study determined the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin of nalidixic acid resistant <em>Salmonella</em> (NARS) isolated from enteric fever patients at Scheer Memorial Hospital, Banepa, Nepal, from June 2012 to December 2012. The antimicrobial sensitivity to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was determined using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and broth dilution method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. <em>Salmonella</em> was isolated from 34 out of 992 (3.43%) blood cultures collected during the study period, and 10 (29.4%) isolates were identified as <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Typhi, while 24 (70.6%) were identified as <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Paratyphi. Out of the total isolates, 31 (91.2%) were nalidixic acid-resistant <em>Salmonella</em> (NARS). Among NARS, the minimum inhibitory concentration values for ciprofloxacin ranged from 0.25 to 2 mg/L and were constantly higher than those shown by the nalidixic acid-susceptible <em>Salmonella</em>. Therefore, in typhoid <em>Salmonella</em> nalidixic acid resistance may be the indicator of decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Assessment of antimicrobial activity of Cola milleni seed and pulp extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
A.M. Aliyu ◽  
S.J. Oluwafemi ◽  
S. Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Penicillium Notatum ◽  
Standard Techniques

All over the world, hundreds of plants have been identified based on researchers and experimental evidence as good sources of medicinal agents. The bioactive components (phytochemicals) of both the seeds and pulp of Cola milleni were extracted using ethanol as solvent. The bioactive components detected were alkaloids, tanins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, sterols, resins and terpenes while Flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthracyanides and phenol were not detected for both the seed and pulps. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract (Seed and pulp) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum was carried out using standard techniques. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest zone of inhibition for pulp having a range of 9.7mm±0.58mm - 19.7mm±2.52mm while Penicllium notatum had the least with 0.00mm. S.aureus also had the highest zone of inhibition range of 14.3mm±2.08mm - 21.3mm±1.53mm for the seed extract while penicillium had the least inhibition range of 5.0mm±1.00mm - 5.7mm±0.58. E.coli showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration with ethanol extract of the pulp (160mg/ml) while penicillium notatum was not reactive. The minimum inhibitory concentration of seed against penillium notatum was the highest (160mg/ml) while staphylococcus aureus showed the lowest of 40mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity is as a result of the presence of phytochemicals detected, which suggest the use of the plant for the treatment of diseases caused by these organisms. Key words: Cola millenii, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial activity, Bacteria, Fungi

Synthesis, resolution, derivatization and antibacterial activity of chuangxinmycin

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2877-2890
Author(s):  
Lianqi Sun ◽  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Xinyue Hu ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
Zhuorong Li
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Electron Cloud ◽  
Preparative Chromatography ◽  
Novel Synthesis ◽  
Novel Structures ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cloud Density

Aim: An urgent need for the development of antibiotics with novel structures and unexploited targets. Materials & methods: Racemic chuangxinmycin was obtained via a novel synthesis route. Chiral preparative chromatography was used to separate chuangxinmycin from its epimers, and four stereoisomers were obtained. Fourteen derivatives were synthesized and their antibacterial activities were evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Results: Synthesized (3 S, 4 R)-chuangxinmycin showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration of 4–8 μg/ml (17.2–34.3 μM), which were consistent with the antibacterial activity of chuangxinmycin obtained by fermentation. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of other stereoscopic chuangxinmycin species and chuangxinmycin derivatives were >128 μg/ml. Conclusion: Results indicate that the antibacterial activity of chuangxinmycin is dependent on the stereoselectivity of structures, and that the electron cloud density and amphipathic properties of chuangxinmycin have little effect on its antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI ISOLAT CENDAWAN ENDOFIT ASAL TUMBUHAN SENDUDUK (Melastoma malabathricum L.) TERHADAP Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Israwati Harahap ◽  
Vivin Paddillah Rahmi ◽  
Nofripa Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Symbiotic Microorganism ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Test Result

Endophytic fungi is a symbiotic microorganism which live inside plant tissues and not harm to their host. Several genera from endophytic fungi known to produce secondary metabolite compounds like antibiotics, anticancer, antifungal, antiviral and antimalarial. This study aimed to investigate antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the test result, 11 isolates endophytic fungi from senduduk were known to have antibacterial activities. Isolate code 23 have ability to inhibit the growth of E.coli with diameters zone of inhibition is 22 mm and eight isolate endophytic fungi have ability to inhibit the growth of S.aureus (showed by inhibition zone).

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
A. Elaiyaraja ◽  
G. Chandramohan ◽  
J. Mariajancyrani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Indigenous Medicine ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Body Ache

Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler is a bulbous herb which has widely used in indigenous medicine for many diseases; mainly leaf and bulb extracts are of medicinal importance. Leaf extract is used as a treatment for pimples, body-ache, dropsy, carbuncle, paronychia, leprosy, fever and diarrhoea. The bulbs are crushed and applied on to piles and itching. The present study to determine the possible phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of various leaf extracts of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler plant. The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence different types compound like flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins and glycosides. The ethanol, methanol and crude extracts of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus when compare to different concentrations (μg/mL). The antimicrobial potential of test compounds was determined on the basis of mean diameter of zone of inhibition around the disk in millimetres. Thus, the present findings revealed the medicinal potential of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler to develop a drug against various human ailments.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri Sabun Cuci Tangan yang Mengandung Ekstrak Metanol Rumput Laut Eucheuma spinosum (Antibacterial Activity Test of Eucheuma spinosum Methanol Extract Hand Wash)

MEDULA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Illiyyin Akib ◽  
Mariani Triwatami ◽  
Andi Eka Purnama Putri
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Background: Eucheuma spinosum seaweed contain flavonoid, triterpenoid, alkaloids and polyphenol which has been widely used in antibacterial activity. Purpose(s):The aim of the research are to determine antibacterial activities of metanol extracts of E. spinosum against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; to formulate hand wash of seaweed of methanol extract E. spinosum that has antibacterial activity and has physical and chemical stability. Methods: Seaweed E.spinosum methanol extract was derived by maceration method. Antibacterial activities of the extract were tested by liquid dilution and solid dilution method. Hand wash was formulated by mechanical dissolved methods. Antibacterial activity of hand wash were tested by liquid dilution and solid dilution method. Physical and chemical stabilities were conducted by cycling test. Results:. These were showed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extracts of E. spinosum against S. aureus ATCC 25923 at concentrations of 6% and E. coli ATCC 25922 at concentrations of 6%. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethanol extracts of E. spinosum against S. aureus ATCC 25923 at concentrations of 8% and E. coli ATCC 25922 at concentrations of 8%. Formulation of hand wash seaweed E. spinosum methanol extract at concentrations of 8% and 10%. The test of stabilities results of hand wash changes were organoleptic, viscosity, pH, and foaming ability were accordance to qualified standard. The antibacterial activity of hand wash contains seaweed E. spinosum methanol extract at concentration of  8% and 10% have bactericidal activity againts S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggested that formula of hand wash contains E. spinosum metanol extracts have antibacterial properties against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922.Keywords: antibacterial, Eucheuma spinosum, hand wash, physical and chemical stability Latar Belakang: Rumput laut Eucheuma spinosum mengandung flavonoid, triterpenoid, alkaloid, dan polifenol yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol E. spinosum terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; membuat sediaan sabun cuci tangan dari ekstrak metanol E. spinosum yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan stabil secara fisika dan kimia. Metode: Ekstrak metanol E. spinosum diperoleh dengan metode maserasi. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode dilusi cair dan dilusi padat. Sabun cuci tangan diformulasi dengan metode pencampuran mekanik. Uji aktivitas antibakteri sabun cuci tangan dilakukan dengan metode dilusi cair dan dilusi padat. Uji stabilitas fisika kimia dilakukan dengan metodecycling test. Hasil: Konsentrsi Hambat Minimum (KHM) ekstrak metanol E. spinosum terhadap S. aureus ATCC 25923 adalah 6% dan terhadap E. coli ATCC 25922 adalah 8%. Ekstrak metanol E. spinosum dapat diformulasi menjadi sabun cuci tangan dengan konsentrasi 8% dan 10%. Uji stabilitas menunjukkan bahwa perubahan organoleptik, viskositas, pH, dan kemampuan membentuk busa masih berada dalam nilai yang dipersyaratkan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri sabun cuci tangan yang mengandung ekstrak metanol E. spinosum dengan konsentrasi 8% dan 10% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922. Simpulan: Formula sabu cuci tangan yang mengandung ekstrak metanol E. spinosum memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922.Kata kunci: antibakteri, Eucheuma spinosum, sabun cuci tangan, stabilitas fisika kimia

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