scholarly journals Parasites and invasions: changes in gastrointestinal helminth assemblages in invasive and native rodents in senegal

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Diagne ◽  
Alexis Ribas ◽  
Nathalie Charbonnel ◽  
Ambroise Dalecky ◽  
Caroline Tatard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Enemy Release Hypothesis ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Invasion Fronts

AbstractUnderstanding why some exotic species become widespread and abundant in their colonized range is a fundamental issue that still needs to be addressed. Among many hypotheses, newly established host populations may benefit from a parasite loss (“enemy release” hypothesis) through impoverishment of their original parasite communities or reduced infection levels. Moreover, the fitness of competing native hosts may be affected by the acquisition of exotic taxa from invaders (“parasite spillover”) and/or by an increased transmission risk of native parasites due to their amplification by invaders (“parasite spillback”). We focused on gastrointestinal helminth communities to determine whether these predictions could explain the ongoing invasion success of the commensal house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) and black rat (Rattus rattus), as well as the associated drop of native Mastomys species, in Senegal. For both invasive species, our results were consistent with the predictions of the enemy release hypothesis. A decrease of helminth overall prevalence and individual species richness was observed along the invasion gradients as well as lower specific prevalence/abundance (Aspiculuris tetraptera in M. m. domesticus, Hymenolepis diminuta in R. rattus) on the invasion fronts. Conversely, we did not find strong evidence of helminth spill-over or spill-back in invasion fronts, where native and invasive rodents co-occurred. Further experimental research is needed to determine whether and how the loss of helminths and reduced infection levels along invasion routes may result in any advantageous effects on invader fitness and competitive advantage.

scholarly journals Biological invasions in rodent communities: from ecological interactions to zoonotic bacterial infection issues

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Diagne ◽  
M. Galan ◽  
Lucie Tamisier ◽  
Jonathan d’Ambrosio ◽  
Ambroise Dalecky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Invasion Process ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

AbstractSeveral hypotheses (such as ‘enemy release’, ‘novel weapon’, ‘spillback’ and ‘dilution/density effect’) suggest changes in host-parasite ecological interactions during biological invasion events. Such changes can impact both invasion process outcome and the dynamics of exotic and/or endemic zoonotic diseases. To evaluate these predictions, we investigated the ongoing invasions of the house mouse Mus musculus domesticus, and the black rat, Rattus rattus, in Senegal (West Africa). We focused on zoonotic bacterial communities depicted using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing approach in both invasive and native rodents sampled along two well-defined invasion routes. Overall, this study provided new ecological evidence connecting parasitism and rodent invasion process, with diverse potential roles of zoonotic bacteria in the invasion success. Our results also highlighted the main factors that lie behind bacterial community structure in commensal rodents. Further experimental studies as well as comparative spatio-temporal surveys are necessary to decipher the actual role of zoonotic bacteria in these invasions. Our data also gave new support for the difficulty to predict the direction in which the relationship between biodiversity changes and disease risk could go. These results should be used as a basis for public health prevention services to design reservoir monitoring strategies based on multiple pathogen surveillance.

scholarly journals Same Invasion, Different Routes: Helminth Assemblages May Favor the Invasion Success of the House Mouse in Senegal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Diagne ◽  
Laurent Granjon ◽  
Caroline Tatard ◽  
Alexis Ribas ◽  
Arame Ndiaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Invasion Pathways ◽  
Invasion Fronts ◽  
Invasion Routes ◽  
Rodent Communities

Previous field-based studies have evidenced patterns in gastrointestinal helminth (GIH) assemblages of rodent communities that are consistent with “enemy release” and “spill-back” hypotheses, suggesting a role of parasites in the ongoing invasion success of the exotic house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) in Senegal (West Africa). However, these findings came from a single invasion route, thus preventing to ascertain that they did not result from stochastic and/or selective processes that could differ across invasion pathways. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of rodent communities and their GIH assemblages in three distinct zones of Northern Senegal, which corresponded to independent house mouse invasion fronts. Our findings first showed an unexpectedly rapid spread of the house mouse, which reached even remote areas where native species would have been expected to dominate the rodent communities. They also strengthened previous insights suggesting a role of helminths in the invasion success of the house mouse, such as: (i) low infestation rates of invading mice by the exotic nematode Aspiculuris tetraptera at invasion fronts—except in a single zone where the establishment of the house mouse could be older than initially thought, which was consistent with the “enemy release” hypothesis; and (ii) higher infection rates by the local cestode Mathevotaenia symmetrica in native rodents with long co-existence history with invasive mice, bringing support to the “spill-back” hypothesis. Therefore, “enemy release” and “spill-back” mechanisms should be seriously considered when explaining the invasion success of the house mouse—provided further experimental works demonstrate that involved GIHs affect rodent fitness or exert selective pressures. Next steps should also include evolutionary, immunological, and behavioral perspectives to fully capture the complexity, causes and consequences of GIH variations along these invasion routes.

The Horseshoe whip snake (Hemorrhois hippocrepis) on Ibiza: predator release in an invasive population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Elba Montes ◽  
Mónica Feriche ◽  
Esmeralda Alaminos ◽  
Juan Manuel Pleguezuelos
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Enemy Release Hypothesis ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Invasive Population ◽  
Breakage Rate ◽  
Snake Predators ◽  
Whip Snake ◽  
Predator Release

Abstract The key to fighting a biological invasion may lie in understanding every variable that can explain its success. The Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH) states that when an invader arrives to a new environment, the absence of its common enemies (predators, parasites and competitors) facilitates the invasion success. The Horseshoe whip snake (Hemorrhois hippocrepis) has been recently introduced from the Iberian Peninsula to the island of Ibiza, and it is currently threatening the only endemic vertebrate, the Ibiza wall lizard (Podarcis pityusensis). We hypothesized that the snake invasion success is caused by the absence of natural predators, and we checked the ERH by relating the tail breakage rate to predation pressure. The invasive population showed a much lower incidence of tail breakage than the source population, which is in agreement with the almost absence of snake predators among the Ibizan reduced and naïve native vertebrate community. These results confirm the ERH, and support the prolongation of invasive snake trapping campaigns.

scholarly journals Is invasion success explained by the enemy release hypothesis?

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 721-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Colautti ◽  
Anthony Ricciardi ◽  
Igor A. Grigorovich ◽  
Hugh J. MacIsaac
Keyword(s):  
Enemy Release Hypothesis ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Enemy Release

scholarly journals Differential immune gene expression associated with contemporary range expansion in two invasive rodents in Senegal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Charbonnel ◽  
Maxime Galan ◽  
Caroline Tatard ◽  
Anne Loiseau ◽  
Christophe Diagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
House Mouse ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Black Rat

Abstract Biological invasions are major anthropogenic changes associated with threats to biodiversity and health. However, what determines the successful establishment and spread of introduced populations remains unclear. Here, we explore several hypotheses linking invasion success and immune phenotype traits, including those based on the evolution of increased competitive ability concept. We compared gene expression profiles between anciently and recently established populations of two major invading species, the house mouse Mus musculus domesticus and the black rat Rattus rattus, in Senegal (West Africa). Transcriptome analyses identified differential expression between anciently and recently established populations for 364 mouse genes and 83 rat genes. All immune-related genes displaying differential expression along the mouse invasion route were overexpressed at three of the four recently invaded sites studied. Complement activation pathway genes were overrepresented among these genes. By contrast, no particular immunological process was found to be overrepresented among the differentially expressed genes of black rat. Changes in transcriptome profiles were thus observed along invasion routes, but with different specific patterns between the two invasive species. These changes may be driven by increases in infection risks at sites recently invaded by the house mouse, and by stochastic events associated with colonization history for the black rat. These results constitute a first step toward the identification of immune eco-evolutionary processes potentially involved in the invasion success of these two rodent species.

scholarly journals Differential immune gene expression associated with contemporary range expansion of two invasive rodents in Senegal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Charbonnel ◽  
Maxime Galan ◽  
Caroline Tatard ◽  
Anne Loiseau ◽  
Christophe Amidi Diagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
House Mouse ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Invasion Routes

BackgroundBiological invasions are major anthropogenic changes associated with threats to biodiversity and health. What determines the successful establishment of introduced populations still remains unsolved. Here we explore the appealing assertion that invasion success relies on immune phenotypic traits that would be advantageous in recently invaded sites.ResultsWe compared gene expression profiles between anciently and recently established populations of two major invading species, the house mouse Mus musculus domesticus and the black rat Rattus rattus, in Senegal. Transcriptome analyses revealed respectively 364 and 83 differentially expressed genes along the mouse and rat invasion routes. Among them, 20.0% and 10.6% were annotated with functions related to immunity. All immune-related genes detected along the mouse invasion route were over-expressed in recently invaded sites. Genes of the complement activation pathway were over-represented. Results were less straightforward when considering the black rat as no particular immunological process was over-represented.ConclusionsWe revealed changes in transcriptome profiles along invasion routes. Patterns differed between both invasive species. These changes potentially be driven by increased infection risks in recently invaded sites for the house mouse and stochastic events associated with colonization history for the black rat. These results provide a first step in identifying the immune ecoevolutionary processes potentially involved in invasion success.

scholarly journals Release from Above- and Belowground Insect Herbivory Mediates Invasion Dynamics and Impact of an Exotic Plant

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Lotte Korell ◽  
Martin Schädler ◽  
Roland Brandl ◽  
Susanne Schreiter ◽  
Harald Auge
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Enemy Release Hypothesis ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasion Dynamics ◽  
Long Term Studies

The enemy-release hypothesis is one of the most popular but also most discussed hypotheses to explain invasion success. However, there is a lack of explicit, experimental tests of predictions of the enemy-release hypothesis (ERH), particularly regarding the effects of above- and belowground herbivory. Long-term studies investigating the relative effect of herbivores on invasive vs. native plant species within a community are still lacking. Here, we report on a long-term field experiment in an old-field community, invaded by Solidago canadensis s. l., with exclusion of above- and belowground insect herbivores. We monitored population dynamics of the invader and changes in the diversity and functioning of the plant community across eight years. Above- and belowground insects favoured the establishment of the invasive plant species and thereby increased biomass and decreased diversity of the plant community. Effects of invertebrate herbivores on population dynamics of S. canadensis appeared after six years and increased over time, suggesting that long-term studies are needed to understand invasion dynamics and consequences for plant community structure. We suggest that the release from co-evolved trophic linkages is of importance not only for the effect of invasive species on ecosystems, but also for the functioning of novel species assemblages arising from climate change.

Testing the enemy release hypothesis: trematode parasites in the non-indigenous Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 630 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dang ◽  
X. de Montaudouin ◽  
J. Bald ◽  
F. Jude ◽  
N. Raymond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Enemy Release Hypothesis ◽  
Manila Clam ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Trematode Parasites

scholarly journals Testing the enemy release hypothesis in a native insect species with an expanding range

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia J. Mlynarek
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Enemy Release Hypothesis ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Water Mite ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Ecological Release ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Enallagma Boreale

The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) predicts that the spread of (invasive) species will be facilitated by release from their enemies as they occupy new areas. However, the ERH is rarely tested on native (non-invasive, long established) species with expanding or shifting ranges. I tested the ERH for a native damselfly (Enallagma clausum) whose range has recently expanded in western Canada, with respect to its water mite and gregarine parasites. Parasitism levels (prevalence and intensity) were also compared betweenE. clausumand a closely related species,Enallagma boreale, which has long been established in the study region and whose range is not shifting. A total of 1,150 damselflies were collected at three ‘old’ sites forE. clausumin Saskatchewan, and three ‘new’ sites in Alberta. A little more than a quarter of the damselflies collected were parasitized with, on average, 18 water mite individuals, and 20% were parasitized by, on average, 10 gregarine individuals. I assessed whether the differences between levels of infection (prevalence and intensity) were due to site type or host species. The ERH was not supported:Enallagma clausumhas higher or the same levels of parasitism in new sites than old sites. However,E. borealeseems to be benefitting from the recent range expansion of a native, closely related species through ecological release from its parasites because the parasites may be choosing to infest the novel, potentially naïve, host instead of the well-established host.

scholarly journals Comparative comprehensive analysis on natural infections of Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis nana in commensal rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-262
Author(s):  
S. K. Brar ◽  
N. Singla ◽  
L. D. Singla
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Pairwise Alignment ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Nuclear Its

Summary This first comprehensive report from Punjab province of India relates to patho-physiological alterations alongwith morpho-molecular characterisation and risk assessment of natural infections of Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis nana in 291commensal rodents including house rat, Rattus rattus (n=201) and lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bangalensis (n=90). Small intestine of 53.61 and 64.95 % rats was found infected with H. diminuta and H. nana, respectively with a concurrent infection rate of 50.86 %. There was no association between male and female rats and H. diminuta and H. nana infections (ᵡ2 = 0.016 and 0.08, respectively, d.f.= 1, P>0.05), while the host age had significant effect on prevalence of H. diminuta and H. nana (ᵡ2 = 28.12 and 7.18, respectively, d.f.= 1, P≤0.05) infection. Examination of faecal samples and intestinal contents revealed globular shaped eggs of H. diminuta without polar filaments (76.50 ± 3.01μm x 67.62 ± 2.42 μm), while smaller sized oval eggs of H. nana were with 4 – 8 polar filaments (47.87 ± 1.95 μm x 36.12 ± 3.05 μm). Cestode infection caused enteritis, sloughing of intestinal mucosa, necrosis of villi and inflammatory reaction with infiltration of mononuclear cells in the mucosa and submucosa. Morphometric identification of the adult cestodes recovered from the intestinal lumen was confirmed by molecular characterisation based on nuclear ITS-2 loci which showed a single band of 269 bp and 242 bp for H. diminuta and H. nana, respectively. Pairwise alignment of the ITS-2 regions showed 99.46 % similarity with sequences of H. diminuta from USA and 100 % similarity with sequences of H. nana from Slovakia, Kosice.

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