scholarly journals Staphylococcus AureusColonization and Familial Transmission Over a One Year Period

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake M. Hanson ◽  
Ashley E. Kates ◽  
Sean M. O’Malley ◽  
Elizabeth Mills ◽  
Loreen A. Herwaldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Familial Transmission ◽  
Persistent Carrier ◽  
One Year

AbstractMethods177 adults and 86 minors comprising 95 family units were enrolled from two counties in Iowa and followed up for 52 weeks. Random effects logistic regression was used to test the effect of different risk factors on the probability of an individual falling into a differentS. aureuscolonization categories. Additionally, the frequency ofS. aureuscolonization events and familial transmission events were calculated.ResultsThe number of positive environmental sites within a participant’s house was associated with being a persistent carrier compared to being a non-carrier or intermittent carrier. Age, sharing bath towels, and the number of positive environmental sites within a participant’s house were associated with being a persistent or intermittent carrier. Colonization events per year were 3.95 for adults and 3.04 for minors. Duration of colonization was longest for persistent carriers (92.3 days for adults and 97.8 days for minors), and intermittent carriers had the most colonization events.ConclusionsThe average duration of colonization was significantly different when comparing intermittent carriers and non-carriers. We have also established estimates of the duration of colonization and the frequency of transmission events among family units in a non-healthcare population.

Factors related to the prevalence of pathogenicYersinia enterocoliticaon pig farms

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (12) ◽  
pp. 1919-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. VIRTANEN ◽  
L. K. SALONEN ◽  
R. LAUKKANEN ◽  
M. HAKKINEN ◽  
H. KORKEALA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Pig Farms

SUMMARYA survey of 788 pigs from 120 farms was conducted to determine the within-farm prevalence of pathogenicYersinia enterocoliticaand a questionnaire of management conditions was mailed to the farms afterwards. A univariate statistical analysis with carriage and shedding as outcomes was conducted with random-effects logistic regression with farm as a clustering factor. Variables with aPvalue <0·15 were included into the respective multivariate random-effects logistic regression model. The use of municipal water was discovered to be a protective factor against carriage and faecal shedding of the pathogen. Organic production and buying feed from a certain feed manufacturer were also protective against total carriage. Tonsillar carriage, a different feed manufacturer, fasting pigs before transport to the slaughterhouse, higher-level farm health classification, and snout contacts between pigs were risk factors for faecal shedding. We concluded that differences in management can explain different prevalences ofY. enterocoliticabetween farms.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Hand Eczema and Its Determinants Among Female Hairdressers: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hajaghazadeh ◽  
Abbas Jafari ◽  
Shole Jafari ◽  
Shirin Hekmatirad ◽  
Alireza Didarloo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Hand Eczema ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Introduction:Female hairdressers are exposed to various chemicals in their occupation which may lead to skin problems such as hand eczema.This study aimed to determine the one-year prevalence of hand eczema and its risk factors in a sample of Northwest Iranian female hairdressers in 2015.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional investigation in which 385 female hairdressers and 385 women from general population were selected as case and control, respectively.The prevalence of one-year hand eczema was obtained by Nordic occupationl skin questionnaireusing face-to-face interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square, independent t-test and logistic regression in SPSS software version 19).Results:The mean and standard deviation of age and work experience of hairdressers were 33.16 ± 7.2 and 8.72 ± 5.7 years, respectively.The prevalence of one-year hand eczema in hairdressers and control group were 27.8% (95%CI=23.22 -32.22) and 13.2% (95%CI=9.02-15.58), respectively. The Odds Ratio (OR) for hand eczema in the hairdressers was 2.52 (95%CI=1.72-3.64), compared to the control group as the reference. Using logistic regression analysis smoking habit [OR=3.44 (95%CI=1.73-6.85)],age less than 30 years [OR=1.76 (95%CI=1.04-2.96)] and working experience less than10 years [OR=3.14 (95%CI=1.63-6.04)]were independent risk factors for reporting one-year prevalence of hand eczemaConclusion:Female hairdressers were more likely to be at risk of developing hand eczema compared to general population. Smoking habit, younger age, and less work experience were the significant risk factors of hand eczema in hairdressers. Occupational health interventions should consider these factors in the control of hand eczema in hairdressers.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection Within One Year After Treatment in Infants: Risk Factors and Prevalence

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yi Wang ◽  
Chao-Min Song ◽  
Guang-Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is common in pediatric patients. Many studies showed that recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) are common in the year following treatment of MPP in infants, but the factors associated with the occurrence of RRTIs are rarely reported. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify these factors. Methods: This retrospective observational study included infants (< one year) who were clinically treated for MPP from January 2015 to December 2018. Clinical features and relevant data were collected on admission. The cases of the occurrence of RRTIs and the presence of related factors after one year of follow-up were investigated by questionnaires. The questionnaires contained the number of upper respiratory infections, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia, the titers and course of MP-IgG and positive IgM antibody, eczema, pet ownership, interior decoration, inhaled or ingested allergens, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and gastrointestinal function. Independent significant risk factors for RRTIs were identified using binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 300 MPP cases were included, among which RRTIs occurred in 134 (44.7%) cases in the year following MPP treatment. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that a history of prematurity (OR = 6.336, 95% CI: 2.337 - 17.116, P ≤ 0.001), a history of exposure to inhaled or ingested allergens (OR = 2.527, 95% CI: 1.289 - 4.956, P = 0.007), and co-infection involving Chlamydia pneumoniae (OR = 2.787, 95% CI: 1.145 - 6.784, P = 0.024) were significantly and positively associated with RRTIs after MPP, while age (OR = 0.894, 95% CI: 0.825 - 0.970, P = 0.007) showed a negative correlation with RRTIs. Conclusions: RRTIs in the year following clinical treatment of MPP in infants are relatively common and significantly associated with the patient’s age, history of prematurity, history of exposure to inhaled or ingested allergens, and C. pneumoniae co-infection. Thus, these factors should be carefully assessed in pediatric MPP cases to predict the risk of RRTIs and appropriately manage the patient.

Prevalence, incidence and risk factors of paratonia in patients with dementia: a one-year follow-up study

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1051-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes S. M. Hobbelen ◽  
Frans E. S. Tan ◽  
Frans R. J. Verhey ◽  
Raymond T. C. M. Koopmans ◽  
Rob A. de Bie
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Deterioration Scale ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACTBackground: Paratonia is a progressive motor problem that is observed in individuals with dementia and is not a well-known phenomenon. This study explores the development and risk factors of paratonia in moderate stage dementia patients.Methods: A multi-center, longitudinal, one-year follow-up cohort study was performed. Patients with an established diagnosis of dementia, with a score of 6 or lower on the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) were included. The participants were assessed using the Paratonia Assessment Instrument (PAI), the Timed Up and GO test, the Qualidem, the Global Deterioration Scale (Reisberg et al., 1982) and the Mini-mental State Examination. Information about each patient's diagnosis of dementia, comorbidities and use of medication were obtained from the participant's medical file. The PAI was assessed every three months, the other variables at baseline and after 12 months. Cross-tabulation χ2 and logistic regression tests were used for the statistical analyses.Results: Baseline measures were assessed in the 204 participants – 111 (54%) female and 93 (46%) male, with a mean age of 79.8 years (56–97). Seventy-one patients (34.8%) were diagnosed with paratonia at baseline, and 51 patients developed paratonia over one year. The highest hazard ratio (3.1) for developing paratonia within one year was observed in the vascular dementia group. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR = 10.7) was significantly related to the development of paratonia (Wald χ2 p-value < 0.01).Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus and likely vascular damage are risk factors for the development of paratonia.

scholarly journals Risk factors for a radiolucent line around the acetabular component with an interface bioactive bone cement technique after primary cemented total hip arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-292
Author(s):  
Shuichi Miyamoto ◽  
Satoshi Iida ◽  
Chiho Suzuki ◽  
Takushi Nakatani ◽  
Yuya Kawarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Acetabular Component ◽  
Radiolucent Line ◽  
First Year ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Structural Bone Graft ◽  
One Year

Aims The main aims were to identify risk factors predictive of a radiolucent line (RLL) around the acetabular component with an interface bioactive bone cement (IBBC) technique in the first year after THA, and evaluate whether these risk factors influence the development of RLLs at five and ten years after THA. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of 980 primary cemented THAs in 876 patients using cemented acetabular components with the IBBC technique. The outcome variable was any RLLs that could be observed around the acetabular component at the first year after THA. Univariate analyses with univariate logistic regression and multivariate analyses with exact logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for any RLLs based on radiological classification of hip osteoarthritis. Results RLLs were detected in 27.2% of patients one year postoperatively. In multivariate regression analysis controlling for confounders, atrophic osteoarthritis (odds ratio (OR) 2.17 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 4.49); p = 0.038) and 26 mm (OR 3.23 (95% CI 1.85 to 5.66); p < 0.001) or 28 mm head diameter (OR 3.64 (95% CI 2.07 to 6.41); p < 0.001) had a significantly greater risk for any RLLs one year after surgery. Structural bone graft (OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.29) p < 0.001) and location of the hip centre within the true acetabular region (OR 0.15 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.24); p < 0.001) were significantly less prognostic. Improvement of the cement-bone interface including complete disappearance and poorly defined RLLs was identified in 15.1% of patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for the acetabular component at ten years with revision of the acetabular component for aseptic loosening as the end point was 100.0% with a RLL and 99.1% without a RLL (95% CI 97.9 to 100). With revision of the acetabular component for any reason as the end point, the survival rate was 99.2% with a RLL (95% CI 97.6 to 100) and 96.5% without a RLL (95% CI 93.4 to 99.7). Conclusion This study demonstrates that acetabular bone quality, head diameter, structural bone graft, and hip centre position may influence the presence of the any RLL. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2021;2(5):278–292.

Perceived Effectiveness of Random Testing for Alcohol and Drugs in the Australian Aviation Community

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Christina M. Rudin-Brown ◽  
Eve Mitsopoulos-Rubens ◽  
Michael G. Lenné
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Random Testing ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Student Pilots ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Random testing for alcohol and other drugs (AODs) in individuals who perform safety-sensitive activities as part of their aviation role was introduced in Australia in April 2009. One year later, an online survey (N = 2,226) was conducted to investigate attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge regarding random testing and to gauge perceptions regarding its effectiveness. Private, recreational, and student pilots were less likely than industry personnel to report being aware of the requirement (86.5% versus 97.1%), to have undergone testing (76.5% versus 96.1%), and to know of others who had undergone testing (39.9% versus 84.3%), and they had more positive attitudes toward random testing than industry personnel. However, logistic regression analyses indicated that random testing is more effective at deterring AOD use among industry personnel.

Reoperation for device infection and erosion following deep brain stimulation implantable pulse generator placement

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis J. Atchley ◽  
Nicholas M. B. Laskay ◽  
Brandon A. Sherrod ◽  
A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman ◽  
Harrison C. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Implantable Pulse Generator ◽  
Device Infection ◽  
Deep Brain

OBJECTIVEInfection and erosion following implantable pulse generator (IPG) placement are associated with morbidity and cost for patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems. Here, the authors provide a detailed characterization of infection and erosion events in a large cohort that underwent DBS surgery for movement disorders.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed consecutive IPG placements and replacements in patients who had undergone DBS surgery for movement disorders at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between 2013 and 2016. IPG procedures occurring before 2013 in these patients were also captured. Descriptive statistics, survival analyses, and logistic regression were performed using generalized linear mixed effects models to examine risk factors for the primary outcomes of interest: infection within 1 year or erosion within 2 years of IPG placement.RESULTSIn the study period, 384 patients underwent a total of 995 IPG procedures (46.4% were initial placements) and had a median follow-up of 2.9 years. Reoperation for infection occurred after 27 procedures (2.7%) in 21 patients (5.5%). No difference in the infection rate was observed for initial placement versus replacement (p = 0.838). Reoperation for erosion occurred after 16 procedures (1.6%) in 15 patients (3.9%). Median time to reoperation for infection and erosion was 51 days (IQR 24–129 days) and 149 days (IQR 112–285 days), respectively. Four patients with infection (19.0%) developed a second infection requiring a same-side reoperation, two of whom developed a third infection. Intraoperative vancomycin powder was used in 158 cases (15.9%) and did not decrease the infection risk (infected: 3.2% with vancomycin vs 2.6% without, p = 0.922, log-rank test). On logistic regression, a previous infection increased the risk for infection (OR 35.0, 95% CI 7.9–156.2, p < 0.0001) and a lower patient BMI was a risk factor for erosion (BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2: OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1–8.6, p = 0.03).CONCLUSIONSIPG-related infection and erosion following DBS surgery are uncommon but clinically significant events. Their respective timelines and risk factors suggest different etiologies and thus different potential corrective procedures.

Risk Factors of Recurrent Ischemic Events after Acute Noncardiogenic Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (45) ◽  
pp. 4827-4834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Xingang Li ◽  
Dongzhi Wang ◽  
Hong Lv ◽  
Xuezhong Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Clopidogrel Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Events

Background: A considerable proportion of acute noncardiogenic ischemic stroke patients continue to experience recurrent ischemic events after standard therapy. Aim: We aimed to identify risk factors for recurrent ischemic event prediction at an early stage. Methods : 286 non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke patients with the onset of symptoms within 24 hours were enrolled. Vascular risk factors, routine laboratory data on admission, thromboelastography test seven days after clopidogrel therapy and any recurrent events within one year were assessed. Patients were divided into case group (patients with clinical adverse events, including ischemic stokes, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction and vascular related mortality) and control group (events-free patients). The risk of the recurrent ischemic events was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Clinical adverse events were observed in 43 patients (case group). The mean levels of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Lymphocyte Count (LY) and Fibrinogen (Fib) on admission were significantly higher in the case group as compared to the control group (P<0.001). Seven days after clopidogrel therapy, the ADP-induced platelet inhibition rate (ADP%) level was lower in the case group, while the Maximum Amplitude (MA) level was higher in the case group as compared to the control group (P<0.01). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of LY, PLR, , Fib, MA, ADP% and MPV were 0.602, 0.614, 0.629, 0.770, 0.800 and 0.808, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that MPV, ADP% and MA were indeed predictive factors. Conclusion: MPV, ADP% and MA were risk factors of recurrent ischemic events after acute noncardiogenic ischemic stroke. Urgent assessment and individual drug therapy should be offered to these patients as soon as possible.

High Risk of One-year Stroke Recurrence in Patients with Younger Age and Prior History of Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiann-Der Lee ◽  
Ya-Han Hu ◽  
Meng Lee ◽  
Yen-Chu Huang ◽  
Ya-Wen Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background and Purpose: Recurrent ischemic strokes increase the risk of disability and mortality. The role of conventional risk factors in recurrent strokes may change due to increased awareness of prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the potential risk factors besides conventional ones which may help to affect the advances in future preventive concepts associated with one-year stroke recurrence (OSR). Methods: We analyzed 6,632 adult patients with ischemic stroke. Differences in clinical characteristics between patients with and without OSR were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses. Results: Among the study population, 525 patients (7.9%) had OSR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex (OR 1.243, 95% CI 1.025 – 1.506), age (OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.007 - 1.023), and a prior history of ischemic stroke (OR 1.331, 95% CI 1.096 – 1.615) were major factors associated with OSR. CART analysis further identified age and a prior history of ischemic stroke were important factors for OSR when classified the patients into three subgroups (with risks of OSR of 8.8%, 3.8%, and 12.5% for patients aged > 57.5 years, ≤ 57.5 years/with no prior history of ischemic stroke, and ≤ 57.5 years/with a prior history of ischemic stroke, respectively). Conclusions: Male sex, age, and a prior history of ischemic stroke could increase the risk of OSR by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and CART analysis further demonstrated that patients with a younger age (≤ 57.5 years) and a prior history of ischemic stroke had the highest risk of OSR.

Risk factors of coronary microvascular obstruction (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Shuzheng Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Microvascular Obstruction ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
St Elevation

BACKGROUND Coronary microvascular obstruction /no-reflow(CMVO/NR) is a predictor of long-term mortality in survivors of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors of CMVO/NR. METHODS Totally 2384 STEMI patients treated with PPCI were divided into two groups according to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI) flow grade:CMVO/NR group(246cases,TIMI 0-2 grade) and control group(2138 cases,TIMI 3 grade). We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify risk factors of CMVO/NR. RESULTS A frequency of CMVO/NR was 10.3%(246/2384). Logistic regression analysis showed that the differences between the two groups in age(unadjusted odds ratios [OR] 1.032; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.045; adjusted OR 1.032; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.046 ; P <0.001), periprocedural bradycardia (unadjusted OR 2.357 ; 95% CI, 1.752 to 3.171; adjusted OR1.818; 95% CI, 1.338 to 2.471 ; P <0.001),using thrombus aspirationdevices during operation (unadjusted OR 2.489 ; 95% CI, 1.815 to 3.414; adjusted OR1.835; 95% CI, 1.291 to 2.606 ; P =0.001),neutrophil percentage (unadjusted OR 1.028 ; 95% CI, 1.014 to 1.042; adjusted OR1.022; 95% CI, 1.008 to 1.036 ; P =0.002) , and completely block of culprit vessel (unadjusted OR 2.626; 95% CI, 1.85 to 3.728; adjusted-OR 1.656;95% CI, 1.119 to 2.45; P =0.012) were statistically significant ( P <0. 05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.6896 . CONCLUSIONS Age , periprocedural bradycardia, using thrombus aspirationdevices during operation, neutrophil percentage ,and completely block of culprit vessel may be independent risk factors for predicting CMVO/NR. We registered this study with WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (registration number: ChiCTR1900023213; registered date: 16 May 2019).http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=39057&htm=4. Key Words: Coronary disease ST elevation myocardial infarction No-reflow phenomenon Percutaneous coronary intervention

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