scholarly journals Brucella species circulating in wildlife in Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Sambu ◽  
C. Mathew ◽  
H.E. Nonga ◽  
A. S. Lukambagire ◽  
Richard B. Yapi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem ◽  
High Interaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Edta Blood

AbstractBackgroundBrucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis of public health and economic importance world-wide. It affects a number of domestic animals, wildlife and humans. This study was carried out to determine circulating Brucella species in wildlife in Serengeti ecosystem using molecular techniques.MethodologyA total of 189 samples including EDTA blood, serum and amniotic fluid from buffalos, lions, wildebeest, impala, zebra and hyena that were collected in relation to different cross-sectional studies conducted in the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania were used. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction AMOS-PCR and quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) targeting the genus specific surface protein bcsp31 gene and the insertion sequence IS711 element downstream of the alkB gene for B. abortus and BMEI1162 gene for B. melitensis were employed on the samples.ResultsResults indicated that out of 189 samples examined, 12 (6.4%) and 22 (11.6%) contained Brucella DNA as detected by AMOS-PCR and qPCR, respectively. Most of the positive samples were from lions (52.6%) and buffaloes (19.6%). Other animals that were positive included wildebeest, impala, zebra and hyena. Out of 22 positive samples, 16 (66.7%) were identified as B. abortus and the rest were B. melitensis.ConclusionDetection of zoonotic Brucella species in wildlife suggests that livestock and humans at the interface areas where there is high interaction are at risk of acquiring the infection. Therefore, public education to interrupt risky transmission practices is needed. The findings also shed light on the transmission dynamics around interface areas and the role of wildlife in transmission and maintenance of Brucella infection in the region.

scholarly journals Lack of HPV in pterygium with no evidence of autoinoculation and the role of cytokines in pterygium with dry eye

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lita Uthaithammarat ◽  
Ngamjit Kasetsuwan ◽  
Yuda Chongpison ◽  
Pimpetch Kasetsuwan ◽  
Usanee Reinprayoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

AbstractThis study evaluated human papillomavirus’s (HPV) role in pterygium pathogenesis, its autoinoculation from genitalia to ocular surface, potential cytokines involved, and crosstalk cytokines between pterygium and dry eye (DE). This cross-sectional study enrolled 25 healthy controls (HCs) and 116 pterygium patients. Four subgroups of pterygium and DE were used in cytokine evaluations. Conjunctival and pterygium swabs and first-void urine samples (i.e., genitalia samples) were collected for HPV DNA detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tear cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tears were evaluated. No HPV DNA was detected in conjunctival or pterygium swabs. No association was found between HPV DNA in urine samples and that from conjunctival or pterygium swabs. Tear VEGF levels were significantly higher in pterygium patients than in HCs, with no markedly different levels between primary and recurrent pterygia. Tear IL-6, IL-18, and tear VEGF were significantly higher in participants with DE, regardless of pterygium status. In conclusion, HPV infection was not a pathogenic factor of pterygia. The hypothesis of HPV transmitting from the genitals to ocular surfaces was nullified. Tear VEGF was involved in both pterygia and DE, whereas tear IL-6 and IL-18 played roles only in DE.

scholarly journals Imaging of COVID-19: Experience in BIRDEM General Hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
MA Taher ◽  
Jafreen Sultana ◽  
Ishtiaque Mohammad Behnom ◽  
Mohua Saha
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Pneumonia associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan of China which was recognized as a global health emergency. Role of imaging, specially high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of chest is considered as an important tool in the early diagnosis, evaluation of disease progression and prompt management of COVID-19 patient in this global health pandemic. This study was designed to report the spectrum of HRCT imaging findings in COVID-19 infected patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 30 consecutive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 patients who underwent HRCT chest from 1st of September 2020 to 30th October 2020 in BIRDEM General Hospital. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Prevalence, distribution, extent and type of abnormal lung findings were recorded. Results: Total 30 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. Among them, 26 (86.6%) patients had fever and 17 (66.66%) patients had fatigability. The most frequent CT abnormality was ground glass opacity in (26, 86.67%). Crazy-paving pattern was found in 19 (63.33%) cases. Most patients had multiple lesions and involved all the 5 lobes The lesions were mostly peripheral (26, 86.6%) in distribution. Most commonly involved lobe is right lower lobe (27, 90%). Conclusion: Radiology & Imaging, specially HRCT of chest is an excellent modality in diagnosis of disease, evaluation of progression of disease, evaluation of post COVID-19 patient and prompt management of COVID- 19 patient in this global health emergency. Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 56-62

scholarly journals First molecular confirmation of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep and goats with neurological behaviors in Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420-1425
Author(s):  
Eva Aisser Ajaj ◽  
Hadeel Asim Mohammad ◽  
Hasanain A. J. Gharban
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Coenurus Cerebralis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Female Sheep

Background and Aim: Coenurus cerebralis is the intermediate stage of the canine cestode, which infect sheep and goats, resulting mainly in neurological signs and causing direct and indirect economic losses. This study aimed to demonstrate the existence of C. cerebralis and to elucidate the role of this parasite in inducing neurological behaviors in sheep and goats. Materials and Methods: On the basis of historical data on neurological signs, we subjected 76 animals (49 sheep and 27 goats) of different ages, sexes, and geographical areas for molecular examination of their blood samples using the polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: Of the 76 animals, 23.68% tested positive for C. cerebralis infection. We found significant increases in infection (p<0.05) in sheep (26.53%) more than in goats (18.52%). Circling movement was prevalent significantly among both C. cerebralis-positive sheep and goats. The Nineveh region had a significant (p<0.05) increase in positive sheep and goats, and the sheep of all study regions were infected significantly (p<0.05) more than were the goats. We found no significant (p>0.05) variation between sheep ages ≥1-3 years and ≥3 years; however, both groups had a significantly (p≤0.043) higher positivity rate than did sheep ages <1 year. The findings of sheep ages <1 year and ≥1-3 years were significantly higher than those of the goats, but not for goats ages ≥3 years. Female sheep and goats showed a significant increase in positivity versus that for the males. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report in Iraq targeting detection of C. cerebralis in sheep and goats with neurological behaviors; therefore, additional studies involving different animals in other regions using molecular techniques are needed.

scholarly journals A Hypothesis for Explaining the Geographical Distribution of Crohn’s Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus P Tamboli
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The etiology of Crohn’s disease (CD) remains unknown, although there is epidemiological evidence supporting an environmental influence. Recent molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction, have renewed interest in a possible etiological role ofMycobacterium paratuberculosis, which has been isolated from a number of CD patients. The organism causes a chronic enteritis in animals called paratuberculosis, a condition with many clinical and pathological similarities to CD. This review compares the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in animals with the epidemiology of CD in humans. There is considerable overlap of regions with high prevalences of paratuberculosis and CD. This finding adds support to the implication ofM paratuberculosisin the etiology of CD.

scholarly journals From Regular Catharsis with Castor Oil to Recognizing the Importance of the Intestinal Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Romano Settanni ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
Francesco Franceschi ◽  
Giovanni Gasbarrini ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The World ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Disease Specific

The need to shed light on the unknown aspects of pathophysiology of common disorders, such as gastrointestinal ones, has led researchers through last decades to study and define the role of microorganisms within the human intestine and their interactions with the host. The progress of technology has permitted the overcoming of culture-based methods to study microbes and paved the way to molecular techniques, which allow the analysis of microbial genome, microbial functions, and metabolism. These progresses opened a window on the world of microbiology and permitted to deepen into the key role played by gut microbiota and dysbiosis in health status and diseases, both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal. So, scientists focused their attention in developing new strategies to restore eubiosis and to manipulate gut microbes by modifying dietary habits, administrating antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics and using fecal microbiota transplantation as treatment of gastrointestinal, infectious, cardiovascular, metabolic, immune-mediated, neuro-psychiatric, and oncological disorders. The next challenges will be to elaborate standard protocols with definite outcomes predictors in disease-specific settings.

scholarly journals Which TAD and CALTAD Cut-Offs Best Predict Cut-Out Risk for Intramedullary Fixation of Proximal Femur Fractures?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Caruso ◽  
Nicola Corradi ◽  
Antonio Caldaria ◽  
Daniele Bottin ◽  
Dario Lo Re ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screw Head ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Femur Fractures ◽  
Tip Apex Distance ◽  
Minimal Reduction ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Purpose: Cut-out is one of the most common mechanical failures in the internal fixation of trochanteric hip fractures. The tip-apex distance (TAD), and the calcar-referenced tip apex distance (CalTAD) are the radiographic parameters that most predict the risk of cut-out. The optimal CalTAD value has not yet been defined, but the optimal TAD value is reported as 25 mm or less. However, this cut-off is highly specific but poorly sensitive. The aim of this study was to determine highly specific and sensitive TAD and CalTAD values and shed light on the role of other clinical variables.Methods: A total of 604 patients were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. For each patient the following data were recorded: number of cut-out, AO/OTA classification, quality of the reduction, type of nail, cervicodiaphyseal angle, type of distal locking, post-operative weight-bearing, TAD and CalTAD values, and the position of the screw head in the femoral head according to the Cleveland system.Results: The incidence of cut-out across the sample was 3.1%. The median TAD in the cut-out group was 38.72, while in the no cut-out group it was 22.16. The median CalTAD in the cut-out group was 39.34, while in the no cut-out group it was 22.19. The cut-off values for TAD and CalTAD with highest value of sensitivity and specificity for the risk of cut-out were 34.8 and 35.2, respectively. Conclusions: The incidence of cut-out can be reduced by performing careful minimal reduction and ensuring stable fixation by avoiding TAD>34.8mm and CalTAD>35.2 mm.

scholarly journals Clinical outcome after infection with Helicobacter pylori does not appear to be reliably predicted by the presence of any of the genes of the cag pathogenicity island

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 752-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Jenks ◽  
F Mégraud ◽  
A Labigne
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Outcome After Infection

Background—The development of clinical disease after infection with Helicobacter pylori has been reported to be associated with expression of the cagA gene. Recently, it has been shown that cagA is part of a multigene locus, described as the cag pathogenicity island (PAI). The role of this region in determining clinical outcome remains to be established.Aims—To investigate whether the presence ofcagA is always associated with the presence of the complete cag PAI and to evaluate the distribution of selected cag genes in 73 H pylori strains isolated from patients in France.Methods—Clinical strains of H pyloriwere screened for selected genes of the cag PAI by polymerase chain reaction and colony hybridisation.Results—Of 64 strains that harboured thecagA gene, 57 (89%) also contained the entirecag PAI. The entire cag PAI was found in 85% (48/56) and 53% (9/17) of duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia isolates, respectively. Eight strains had deletions within thecag PAI, including deletion of the cagA gene in one isolate; the deletions were not associated with the insertion sequence IS605. Of eight strains lacking the cag PAI, four were isolated from patients with duodenal ulcer.Conclusion—The cag PAI is not a uniform, conserved entity. Although the presence of thecag PAI is highly associated with duodenal ulcer, the clinical outcome of infection with H pylori is not reliably predicted by any gene of the cag PAI.

What Is the Role of Molecular Techniques for Detection of Pathogen Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) (Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR] or Next-Generation Sequencing) in Patients With Infected Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 29S-31S
Author(s):  
Khaled Emara ◽  
Amiethab Aiyer ◽  
Ryan Rogero
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Total Ankle Arthroplasty ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Ankle Arthroplasty ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Recommendation: Molecular techniques, particularly next-generation sequencing and the Ibis T5000 technology, have the potential to be used as an important adjunct in the diagnosis of bacterial infection following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), although sufficient clinical evidence is lacking. Level of Evidence: Limited. Delegate Vote: Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)

scholarly journals The Role of Angiopoietin-2 Gene Mutation on Clinical Severity of Dengue Disease in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 1110-1115
Author(s):  
Mayetti Akmal ◽  
Amirah Zatil Izzah ◽  
Jamsari ◽  
Eriyati Darwin ◽  
Dadang Hudaya Somasetia
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Angiopoietin 2

BACKGROUND: In general, angiopoietin-2 levels are increased concomitantly with dengue clinical severity. AIM: This research aims to determine the role of mutation on angiopoietin-2 on dengue clinical severity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 108 children with dengue disease grouped by severity. Angiopoietin-2 level was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Polymerase chain reaction and double nucleic acid sequencing are using 2 Exon 4-F primers. RESULTS: Angiopoietin-2 levels on rs7834131 mutant are higher in dengue fever (p < 0.05) and dengue hemorrhage fever group than non-mutant, while on dengue shock syndrome, it is lower than non-mutant. CONCLUSION: Angiopoietin-2 mutation on rs7834131 might have a protective effect on dengue disease severity.

scholarly journals New tip-apex distance and calcar-referenced tip-apex distance cut-offs may be the best predictors for cut-out risk after intramedullary fixation of proximal femur fractures

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Caruso ◽  
Nicola Corradi ◽  
Antonio Caldaria ◽  
Daniele Bottin ◽  
Dario Lo Re ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screw Head ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Femur Fractures ◽  
Tip Apex Distance ◽  
Minimal Reduction ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractCut-out is one of the most common mechanical failures in the internal fixation of trochanteric hip fractures. The tip-apex distance (TAD), and the calcar-referenced tip apex distance (CalTAD) are the radiographic parameters that most predict the risk of cut-out. The optimal CalTAD value has not yet been defined, but the optimal TAD value is reported as 25 mm or less. However, this cut-off is highly specific but poorly sensitive. The aim of this study was to determine highly specific and sensitive TAD and CalTAD values and shed light on the role of other clinical variables. A total of 604 patients were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. For each patient the following data were recorded: number of cut-out, AO/OTA classification, quality of the reduction, type of nail, cervicodiaphyseal angle, type of distal locking, post-operative weight-bearing, TAD and CalTAD values, and the position of the screw head in the femoral head according to the Cleveland system. The incidence of cut-out across the sample was 3.1%. The median TAD in the cut-out group was 38.72, while in the no cut-out group it was 22.16. The median CalTAD in the cut-out group was 39.34, while in the no cut-out group it was 22.19. The cut-off values for TAD and CalTAD with highest value of sensitivity and specificity for the risk of cut-out were 34.8 and 35.2, respectively. The incidence of cut-out can be reduced by performing careful minimal reduction and ensuring stable fixation by avoiding TAD > 34.8 mm and CalTAD > 35.2 mm.

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