scholarly journals Use of Computerized Neurocognitive Assessment Software for the Detection of Alcohol Intoxication

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Janarthanan ◽  
Huy Phi ◽  
Benjamin Flores ◽  
Yael Katz ◽  
David M. Eagleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
P Value ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Alcohol Impairment

Background: Acute ingestion of alcohol impairs cognitive function and poses significant threat to public health and safety with impaired operation of motor vehicles. However, there is a lack of access to tools to assess one's cognitive impairment due to alcohol. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of a neuropsychological assessment software, BrainCheck, to assess levels of alcohol impairment based on performance on the neuropsychological assessments. Methods: We administered the BrainCheck battery to 91 volunteer participants. Participants were required to take a baseline battery prior to any alcohol ingestion, and another testing battery after a voluntary drinking period. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) for the participant was obtained using a breathalyzer. We performed statistical analysis comparing alcohol vs. non-alcohol performance on the BrainCheck battery, and used significant metrics of these assessments to generate predictive models. Results: Statistical analyses were performed comparing participants performance on the BrainCheck battery before and after alcohol consumption. Comparison was also done comparing performance between an intoxicated group with a BAC > 0.05, and a sober group with a BAC ≤ 0.05. Two assessment metrics were found to be significant among comparison groups after P-value correction, and four test metrics were observed to moderately correlate (|r| > 0.40) with BAC levels. Three linear regression models (least-squares, ridge and LASSO) were built to predict participant BAC levels, with the best performing model being the least-squares model with a RMSE of 0.027. We also built a predictive logistic regression model to detect whether the participant is intoxicated or not, with 80.6% accuracy, 73.3% sensitivity, and 75.0% specificity. Discussion: The BrainCheck battery has potential to predict alcohol impairment, including participant BAC levels and if the participant is intoxicated or not. BrainCheck provides another option to assess an individual's cognitive impairment due to alcohol, with the utility of being portable and available on one's smartphone.

scholarly journals The co-occurrence of mental disorders among Dutch adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes de Veld ◽  
Joris J. van Hoof ◽  
Inge M. Wolberink ◽  
Nicolaas van der Lely
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Adolescents with substance use disorders are often diagnosed with co-occurring mental disorders. However, it is unknown if adolescent hospital admission for acute alcohol intoxication is also associated with co-occurring mental disorders. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders among Dutch adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication. Secondly, this study aims to explore the cross-sectional relationship between the co-occurrence of mental disorders and patient characteristics, such as sex, age and blood alcohol concentration at admittance. Data were retrospectively collected from 726 adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication. Overall, 245 (34%) of the 726 adolescents treated for acute alcohol intoxication were diagnosed with a co-occurring mental health disorder, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (13%) or autism spectrum disorder (2.1%). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in particular seems to be more prevalent in the study population than in the general Dutch adolescent population. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that among adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication, the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders is a common and a relevant issue for treatment and prevention strategies. What is Known:• Alcohol consumption among adolescents has been associated with negative psychosocial effect.• Among adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication, risk factors for psychological dysfunction appear to be inadequately assessed, documented and followed up. What is New:• The current study reports on the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders among a substantial sample of adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication.• Understanding the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders is clinically relevant for the outpatient follow-up of adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Presence and Severity of Alcohol Hangover Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
van Lawick van Pabst ◽  
Devenney ◽  
Verster
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Alcohol Hangover ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Drinking Occasion

Studies have demonstrated significant sex differences in alcohol intoxication effects. In contrast, the majority of studies on the alcohol hangover phase did not investigate sex differences. Therefore, the current study examined possible sex differences in the presence and severity of alcohol hangover symptoms. Data from n = 2446 Dutch students (male = 50.7%, female = 49.3%) were analyzed. They reported the presence and severity of 22 hangover symptoms experienced after their past month heaviest drinking occasion. Subjects were categorized according to their estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) and presence and severity of the hangover symptoms were compared between men and women. In the lowest eBAC group (0% ≤ eBAC < 0.08%), no significant sex differences were found. In the subsequent eBAC group (0.08% ≤ eBAC < 0.11%), severity of nausea was significantly higher in women than in men. In the third eBAC group (0.11% ≤ eBAC < 0.2%), women reported higher severity scores on nausea, tiredness, weakness, and dizziness than men. Men reported the presence of confusion significantly more often than women, and women reported the presence of shivering significantly more often than men. In the fourth eBAC group (0.2% ≤ eBAC < 0.3%), women reported higher severity scores on nausea and tiredness than men. In the highest eBAC group (0.3% ≤ eBAC < 0.4%), no significant sex differences were found. In conclusion, across the eBAC groups, severity scores of nausea and tiredness were higher in women than in men. However, albeit statistically significant, the observed sex differences in presence and severity of hangover symptoms were of small magnitude, and therefore, have little clinical relevance.

Influences of Alcohol, Interpersonal Feedback, and Drinking Experience upon Performance and Judgment

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Lubin
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Alcohol Impairment ◽  
Psychomotor Tasks ◽  
Interpersonal Feedback

The study examined influences of alcohol, social feedback, and drinking experience upon performance, performance awareness, and awareness of intoxication. 24 subjects were selected on the basis of drinking experience. All subjects consumed either a placebo or an alcoholic beverage, i.e., target blood-alcohol concentration of .05% or .10%, prior to each of three experimental sessions. Within groups, subjects were paired and completed a series of cognitive and psychomotor tasks. During each session subjects evaluated both their own and their partner's performance and degree of intoxication. A series of correlations between performance or measures of blood-alcohol concentration and judgments determined relative awareness. Alcohol significantly impaired performance, with inexperienced drinkers being significantly more impaired than experienced drinkers. All groups over-estimated their blood-alcohol concentration, but inexperienced drinkers evaluated themselves as highly intoxicated. Subjects generally under-estimated alcohol impairment and correlations showed awareness decreased as blood-alcohol concentration increased. The implications of the research to drinking/driving problems were discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Mortality of Blunt Head Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Lin Lin ◽  
Tsung-Ying Lin ◽  
Kwan-Ming Soo ◽  
Chao-Wen Chen ◽  
Liang-Chi Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Brain Computed Tomography ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Alcohol is found to have neuroprotection in recent studies in head injuries. We investigated the association of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) with mortality of patients with blunt head injury after traffic accident. All patients sustaining blunt head injury caused by traffic accident brought to our emergency department who had obtained a brain computed tomography scans and BAC were analyzed. Patients with unknown mechanisms, transfers from outside hospitals, and incomplete data were excluded. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. During the study period, 3,628 patients with brain computed tomography (CT) were included. Of these, BAC was measured in 556 patients. Patients with the lowest BAC (less than 8 mg/dl) had lower mortality; intoxicated patients with BAC between 8 and less than 100 mg/dl were associated with significantly higher mortality than those patients in other intoxicated groups. Adjusted logistic regression demonstrated higher BAC group and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores, and lower ISS and age were identified as independent predictors of reduced mortality. In our study, we found that patients who had moderate alcohol intoxication had higher risk of mortality. However, higher GCS scores, lower ISS, and younger age were identified as independent predictors of reduced mortality in the study patients.

Paclitaxel Formulation as a Cause of Ethanol Intoxication

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 873-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Wilson ◽  
Thomas M. Beck ◽  
Catherine A. Gundlach
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Intoxication ◽  
Metastatic Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Patient Series ◽  
Higher Doses

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of ethyl alcohol intoxication associated with paclitaxel administration. CASE SUMMARY: A patient who received a 3-hour paclitaxel infusion for metastatic breast carcinoma and developed symptoms of acute alcohol intoxication. A blood ethanol concentration drawn at the end of the paclitaxel infusion was 97.8 mg/dL (0.098%). DISCUSSION: The amount of alcohol contained in paclitaxel is discussed. A review of the literature revealed one patient series where the highest blood alcohol concentration was one-third that seen in our patient. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should recognize the potential for alcohol intoxication with paclitaxel administration. This is especially pertinent when higher doses are given over a short period of time.

The Tracometer as an Intoxication Warning Device

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ian Noy
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Pursuit Tracking ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Male Subjects

An experiment was conducted to investigate the feasibility of developing an in-vehicle skill-based drunk driver detection and deterrence system. The experiment compared two well-developed psychomotor test devices, the Tracometer and the Critical Tracking Task (CTT), for their ability to detect alcohol intoxication. The Tracometer employed a pursuit tracking task whereas the CTT employed a compensatory tracking task. Twenty male subjects, aged 19 − 30 were trained on the Tracometer and the CTT over a three day period. On two subsequent test days, they were treated with either placebo or alcoholic beverages designed to bring their peak Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) to 1.2% (1200 mg/L). On each day, the subjects were tested once before treatment and six times after treatment at hourly intervals as their BAC levels declined. The results indicate that the Tracometer was more sensitive than the CTT to the the effects of alcohol over a wide range of BAC levels. At a BAC level of .08%, performance on the Tracometer deteriorated by 16% whereas performance on the CTT deteriorated by only 7%. Using optimized pass/fail protocols, the Tracometer failed 60% of subjects with BAC in the range .08–1.0%, whereas the CTT failed 34%. At BAC levels above 1.0%, the Tracometer failed about 85% whereas the CTT failed 40%. These results clearly illustrate the potential of the Tracometer as a test of alcohol intoxication. Although the impetus behind the study was the development of drunk-driving countermeasures, the technology can be easily extended to include other applications.

scholarly journals No effect of moderate alcohol intake on the detection of concealed identity information in the laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Suchotzki ◽  
Heidi May ◽  
Matthias Gamer
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concealed Information Test ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Intake

AbstractThe Concealed Information Test (CIT) enables the detection of certain (e.g., crime-relevant or personal) information, even if participants aim to conceal their knowledge. The current preregistered study investigated whether previously observed impairing effects of alcohol intoxication on participants’ performance in a reaction time CIT (RT CIT) field study also translate to a laboratory environment. In contrast to the previous study of Suchotzki and Gamer (Sci Rep 8:7825, 2018) in which alcohol consumption was voluntary and self-administered, the current study used a randomized assignment of participants to either an alcohol group (n = 88; receiving a drink with 3 cl alcohol) or a sober control group (n = 89; receiving a drink with just some alcohol drops to hide group assignment). After drink administration, participants completed an RT CIT, in which they were instructed to hide knowledge of their own identity. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was estimated via breath alcohol ratio. In contrast to the previous field study, results revealed no differences in CIT-performance between intoxicated and sober participants. Aside from questioning the robustness of the result of the previous field study, our results also point to a number of interesting theoretical explanations for the discrepancy between both results, which are elaborated in the discussion.

scholarly journals Co-use of medication and alcohol: The influence on subjective effects of intoxication and affect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley C. Helle ◽  
Andrea M Wycoff ◽  
Sarah A Griffin ◽  
Megan Fleming ◽  
Lindsey K Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Specific Medication

Co-use of alcohol and medication can have serious negative health effects (e.g., overdose risk, liver damage). Research has primarily focused on older adults or the pharmacokinetics of specific medication-alcohol combinations. Little work has been done on the subjective experience of persons who take alcohol-interactive (AI) medications and also drink alcohol, particularly in psychiatric samples at high risk for problematic alcohol use and high rates of prescription medication use, such as individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Data from a larger ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study of alcohol use in 52 persons diagnosed with BPD (83% women; Mage=26 years) were used to examine the influence of alcohol intoxication (i.e., estimated blood alcohol concentration; eBAC) and medication co-use on momentary subjective experience while drinking. Participants reported AI medication use at baseline and completed multiple EMA reports per day over 21 days, which included reports of alcohol use, subjective effects of alcohol (e.g., pleasure, feeling worse), and negative and positive affect. AI medications significantly moderated the association between eBAC and pleasurable effects of alcohol, such that at higher levels of eBAC, those taking AI medications experienced blunted subjective pleasure compared to those not taking AI medications. AI medications did not moderate the associations between eBAC and subjective relief, feeling worse, positive affect, or negative affect. Attenuated pleasure during drinking could lead to increased drinking in an attempt to achieve a desirable state among individuals who co-use psychiatric medications and alcohol, and therefore may represent a useful target for prevention and intervention.

Auto-brewery syndrome: Ethanol pseudo-toxicity in diabetic and hepatic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Hafez ◽  
MA Hamad ◽  
M Fouad ◽  
A Abdel-Lateff
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Headspace Gas

Endogenous alcohol has been applied for spontaneous ethanol production via different metabolic pathways of the human body. Auto-brewery syndrome describes the patients with alcohol intoxication after ingesting carbohydrate-rich meals. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM), liver cirrhosis (LC) and presence of both (DM and LC) on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) especially after carbohydrate ingestion. BAC has been measured by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in three groups of humans namely control, DM, LC and both (DM and LC) groups. The results showed that BAC in control group was 0.01–.3 mg/dL with mean 0.3 ± 0.41 mg/dL. In patients with DM, BAC is significantly higher than that of control group 4.85 ± 3.96 mg/dL. In patients with LC, BAC was 3.45 ± 2.65 mg/dL. In patients with both DM and LC, BAC increases to reach 10.88 ± 5.36 mg/dL. Endogenous ethanol production appears to increase in DM and LC. Also, it increased much more in patients with both diseases, but it did not reach toxic levels. On comparing BAC and blood glucose level in each group, all groups show insignificant correlations ( p > 0.05).

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