scholarly journals Obesity and COVID-19: The role of visceral adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Petersen ◽  
Keno Bressem ◽  
Jakob Albrecht ◽  
Hans-Martin Thiess ◽  
Janis Vahldiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Icu Treatment

INTRODUCTION: During the unprecedented health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic it was suggested that obesity might aggravate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between Compute Tomography (CT)-based measurements of visceral and subcutaneous fat as measures of obesity and COVID-19 severity. METHODS: 30 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and a mean age of 65.59 plus/minus 13.06 years from a level one medical center in Berlin, Germany, were retrospectively analyzed and included in the present analysis. SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction from throat swaps or deep nasal swabs on the day of admission. Severe clinical courses of COVID-19 were defined by hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation. All patients received low-dose chest CT-based fat measurements at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. RESULTS: An increase in visceral fat area (VFA) by one square decimeter was associated with a 22.53-fold increased risk for ICU treatment and a 16.11-fold increased risk for mechanical ventilation (adjusted for age and sex). For upper abdominal circumference, each additional centimeter of circumference showed a 1.13-fold increased risk for ICU treatment and a 1.25-fold increased risk for mechanical ventilation. There was no significant correlation of subcutaneous fat area (SFA) or body mass index (BMI) with severe clinical courses of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that visceral adipose tissue and upper abdominal circumference specifically increasing the risk of COVID-19 severity. CT-based quantification of visceral adipose tissue and upper abdominal circumference in routinely acquired chest CTs may therefore be a simple tool for risk assessment in SARS-CoV-2-patients.

Abstract 5822: Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation Synchronize With Inflammatory Activity OF Visceral Fat

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eung Ju Kim ◽  
Hong Seog Seo ◽  
Sungeun Kim ◽  
Jin Oh Na ◽  
Jae Hyoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plaque Inflammation ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background: Visceral adipose tissue is thought to confer increased cardiovascular risk through leukocyte infiltration and increased adipose macrophage activity. Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) demonstrated that increased FDG uptake could reflect the severity of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque. We hypothesized that active atherosclerotic change in the major arteries would accompany increased inflammation within visceral fat and it could be detected in humans using combined FDG PET/computed tomography (CT). Methods: We observed 44 consecutive subjects with cardiovascular disease. For all of them, an one-hour PET/CT (from brain to foot) was performed after injection of FDG (370–555 MBq). FDG uptake in the aorta or its major branches was evaluated visually and semiquantitatively. Maximal standard uptake values (SUV) of the highest regions of interest were calculated in the subcutaneous fat and visceral fat area, separately. Results: Significant FDG uptake in the arterial wall was noted in 21 patients (plaque positive; PP group), all of whom have experienced acute cardiovascular events (acute coronary syndrome or ischemic stroke) within a week. The other 23 patients (plaque negative; PN group) had chronic stable angina or asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Visceral fat SUV was significantly higher as compared to subcutaneous fat SUV (0.49± 0.15 vs. 0.15± 0.05, p< 0.001) in PP group, whereas there was no significant difference in PN group (0.18± 0.07 vs. 0.16± 0.03, p= 0.622). When we compared two groups, PP group showed higher visceral fat SUV than PN group (p< 0.001). In terms of subcutaneous fat SUV, the results were similar in two groups (p= 0.773). Conclusions: We demonstrated that atherosclerotic plaque inflammation was associated with increased inflammation within visceral fat. Our results need to be confirmed by comparison with histologic or other imaging findings. Further evaluation to determine whether metabolic activity of visceral adipose tissue is a marker or mediator of vascular inflammation is also needed.

Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue Volume Is Associated With Increased Risk of Erosive Esophagitis in Men and Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1902-1911.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Youn Nam ◽  
Il Ju Choi ◽  
Kum Hei Ryu ◽  
Bum Joon Park ◽  
Hyun Bum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Abdominal visceral adipose tissue is associated with unsuspected pulmonary embolism on routine CT scans in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1104) ◽  
pp. 20190526
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Xiao ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Qiuxia Xie ◽  
Xuhui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Objective: Unsuspected pulmonary embolism (UPE) has been increasingly diagnosed as an incidental finding on CT scans for routine staging in cancer patients. Previous studies suggest that obesity is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism in patients with malignant tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between abdominal adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the occurrence of UPE in hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: Routine contrast-enhanced chest and abdominal CT scans of 1974 patients were retrospectively assessed for the presence of UPE, of which 58 patients were identified with UPE and 108 non-UPE patients were selected as the non-UPE control group based on several matching criteria. Abdominal adipose tissue was measured by volumes of VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) at the navel level. Results: VAT, SAT, indwelling venous catheters, surgery, chemotherapy, and bed rest or immobilization were associated with the occurrence of UPE. Higher VAT volumes were associated with increased risk of UPE (odds ratio: 1.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.25, 3.06; p = 0.003) adjusting body mass index (BMI), bed rest or immobilization, surgery, chemotherapy and smoking, while SAT was not associated with UPE adjusting the same confounders (p = 0.117). No statistical association was found between BMI and UPE (p = 0.102). Conclusion: Higher VAT rather than SAT is associated with an increased risk of unsuspected pulmonary embolism on routine CT scans in hospitalized gastrointestinal cancer patients. Advances in knowledge: Our findings indicate that VAT is a stronger risk factor for unsuspected pulmonary embolism than BMI and SAT in hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Abdominal Adiposity in Collegiate Football Linemen: A Study of Race and Position

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malia N.M. Blue ◽  
Katie R. Hirsch ◽  
Gabrielle J. Brewer ◽  
Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
American Football ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Android Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAmerican football linemen are at an increased risk for developing obesity-related diseases. This study evaluated the impact of race and position on abdominal fat (visceral adipose tissue and android fat percentage) in football linemen. Thirty-four offensive and defensive linemen (%fat: 27.1±7.2%) completed a total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan to estimate visceral fat and android fat percentage. Participants were stratified by race [Black: n=23; White: n=11] and position (Offense: n=18; Defense: n=16). Two separate two-way ANOVA tests [race × position] were completed. For visceral adipose tissue, there was no interaction (p=0.056), but there was an effect of race (Black: 0.57±0.34 kg; White: 1.51±0.56 kg; p <0.001) and position (Offense: 1.22±0.60 kg; Defense: 0.49±0.34 kg; p<0.001). For android fat percentage, there was no interaction (p=0.855) or race effect (Black: 31.5±11.3%; White: 40.9±8.6%; p=0.123); there was a position effect (Offense: 42.1±5.6%; Defense: 26.0±9.9%; p<0.001). Offensive linemen, regardless of race, had greater visceral adipose tissue and android fat percent compared to defensive linemen. White linemen had greater visceral adipose tissue, regardless of position. These results suggest football linemen, especially offensive linemen with increased abdominal adiposity, may benefit from tracking metabolic health during their collegiate career to mitigate obesity-related disease risk once retired from sport.

Abstract 5466: In Vivo Molecular Imaging Revealed Chronic Inflammation and Increased Adhesion Molecules in Obese Adipose Tissue in Mice

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nishimura ◽  
Mika Nagasaki ◽  
Ichiro Manabe ◽  
Kinya Seo ◽  
Takashi Kadowaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor of cardiovascular events, and obese visceral adipose tissue remodeling and malfunctioning based on chronic inflammation plays a central role. To assess dynamic multi-cellular interplay, a novel ex vivo (a–c) and in vivo (d–f) adipose tissue imaging method was developed. We found close spatial and temporal interrelationships between angiogenesis and adipogenesis, and both were augmented in obese adipose (c,arrow). In addition, we found increased leukocyte-platelet-endothelial cell interactions in the micro-circulation of obese visceral adipose that were indicative of activation of the leukocyte adhesion cascade, a hallmark of inflammation (e,f). Both macrophages and endothelial cells showed increased adhesion molecules including ICAM-1 and Selectin families, and P-selectin positive platelets were increased locally in obese adipose. Up-regulated expression of adhesion molecules on multiple cell types suggests their increased interactions contribute to local activation of inflammatory processes within visceral obese adipose tissue. Interestingly, the heightened leukocyte-platelet-endothelial interactions were not observed in obese subcutaneous fat pads. Our results demonstrated the power of our imaging technique to analyze complex inflammatory cellular interplays in vivo and to evaluate new therapeutic interventions against them. Results also indicate that visceral adipose tissue obesity is an inflammatory disease.

P4462Atorvastatin and fenofibrate exert opposite effects on the vascularization and characteristics of visceral adipose tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Perez-Mendez ◽  
M Luna-Luna ◽  
A Mondragon-Garcia ◽  
A Aranda-Fraustro
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background Statins may precipitate the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in high-risk patients. In contrast, only the subset of individuals with insulin resistance (IR) and/or diabetes receives cardiovascular benefits with fibrates. The mechanism responsible of such effects may be related with visceral adipose tissue (VAT). In this context, previous observations have suggested that atorvastatin induced an increase of VAT whereas fenofibrate had the opposite effects in rabbits. Purpose To determine the mass, morphology and vascularization of VAT in New Zealand white rabbits that received of atorvastatin or fenofibrate during two months. Methods New Zealand white rabbits (n=6 per group) received by oral gavage during 2 months, 0.33 mg/kg of atorvastatin or 2.6 mg/kg fenofibrate. The control group received 0.5 mL of vehicle. Plasma lipids were monitored. The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was dissected and quantified. The expression of genes related with vascularization, VEGF-A and TGF-β, FGF2 as well as TNF-α were determined by qPCR in VAT. Histological slices were stained by hematoxilin and eosin to determine the size of adipocytes. The marker of angiogenesis, PECAM-1, was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results As expected, the cholesterol from atorvastatin was lower after treatment while triglycerides decreased in fenofibrate group. The mass of VAT from fenofibrate group was 46% lower compared with the controls meanwhile atorvastatin was associated with a larger diameter of adipocytes (+65%) than that of the control and fenofibrate groups. FGF2 gene expression was lower in fenofibrate than in control group (−54%). By contrast, VEGF-A gene expression in fenofibrate-treated rabbits was 110% higher than in control group. TGF-β and TNF-α remained comparable among groups. In agreement with the gene expression, the marker of angiogenesis PECAM-1 was slightly but significantly higher (+10%) in rabbits treated with fenofibrate than in controls, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion Fenofibrate enhanced the VEGF-A gene expression, PCAM-1 in VAT whereas decreased its total mass. In contrast, atorvastatin increased the adipocyte size without any effect on vascularization markers. These results suggest that fenofibrate is associated with a favorable remodeling of VAT, in contrast with atorvastatin, which induced a non-favorable remodeling of VAT. These results may be related with the cardiovascular benefits of fenofibrate and the increased risk of T2D in high-risk subjects induced by atorvastatin.

Relationship between visceral obesity and plasma fibrinogen in obese children

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Hafez ◽  
Sahar El-Masry ◽  
Noha Musa ◽  
Marwa Fathy ◽  
Mona Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased significantly worldwide with an alarming rise of its co-morbidities. The excess of visceral adipose tissue is associated with hypertension, prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory states. Our aim was to find a possible association between visceral obesity and plasma fibrinogen, as one of the cardiovascular risk factors, in obese children.Forty-three obese children and 40 non-obese controls were studied regarding their history, complete physical examination, anthropometric assessment, body composition analysis, ultrasonographic measurement of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat as well as laboratory measurement of plasma fibrinogen.Our study revealed significant higher levels of fibrinogen in obese children than controls (14.5+5.1 and 2.9+0.52 mg/mL, respectively) with p-value <0.01. Moreover, the obese group had statistically significant difference in visceral fat (5.96+0.77 cm) and subcutaneous fat (2.66+0.70 cm) than controls (2.45+0.65 and 0.70+0.18 mg/mL, respectively) with p-value <0.01. In addition, fibrinogen had significant positive correlation with body mass index (r=0.327), waist/hip ratio (r=0.394), fat percentage (r=0.301), visceral adipose tissue (r=0.323) and subcutaneous fat (r=0.301).There was highly significant increase in the fibrinogen level, visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat in the obese group with insignificant sex differences. Fibrinogen had a significant positive correlation with the different adiposity markers, blood pressure, visceral and subcutaneous fat. Visceral adipose tissue is a stronger predictor for cardiovascular risk compared to subcutaneous fat.

scholarly journals Visceral Adipose Tissue and Different Measures of Adiposity in Different Severities of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Netanja Harlianto ◽  
Jan Westerink ◽  
Wouter Foppen ◽  
Marjolein Hol ◽  
Rianne Wittenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is associated with both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to investigate the relation between DISH and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in particular, as this would support a causal role of insulin resistance and low grade inflammation in the development of DISH. Methods: In 4334 patients with manifest vascular disease, the relation between different adiposity measures and the presence of DISH was compared using z-scores via standard deviation logistic regression analyses. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, non-HDL cholesterol, smoking status, and renal function. Results: DISH was present in 391 (9%) subjects. The presence of DISH was associated with markers of adiposity and had a strong relation with VAT in males (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.20–1.54) and females (OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.06–1.93). In males with the most severe DISH (extensive ossification of seven or more vertebral bodies) the association between DISH and VAT was stronger (OR: 1.61; 95%CI: 1.31–1.98), while increased subcutaneous fat was negatively associated with DISH (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.49–0.95). In females, increased subcutaneous fat was associated with the presence of DISH (OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.14–1.80). Conclusion: Markers of adiposity, including VAT, are strongly associated with the presence of DISH. Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness was negatively associated with more severe cases of DISH in males, while in females, increased subcutaneous adipose tissue was associated with the presence of DISH.

scholarly journals Metabolomics dissection of depression heterogeneity and related cardiometabolic risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahani Alshehri ◽  
Dennis O Mook- Kanamori ◽  
Ko Willems van Dijk ◽  
Richard Dinga ◽  
Brenda WJH Penninx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Independent Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background: A recent hypothesis postulates the existence of an "immune-metabolic depression" (IMD) dimension characterized by metabolic dysregulations. Combining data on metabolomics and depressive symptoms, we aimed to identify depressions associated with an increased risk of adverse metabolic alterations. Method: Clustering data were from 1094 individuals with current major depressive disorder and measures of 149 metabolites from a 1H-NMR platform and 30 depressive symptoms (IDS-SR30). Canonical correlation analyses (CCA) were used to identify main independent metabolite-symptom axes of variance. Then, for the replication, we examined the association of the identified dimensions with metabolites from the same platform and cardiometabolic endpoints in an independent population-based cohort (n=6572). Results: CCA identified an overall depression dimension and a dimension resembling IMD, in which symptoms such as sleeping too much, increased appetite, and low energy level had higher relative loading. In the independent sample, the overall depression dimension was associated with lower levels of metabolites linked to cardiometabolic risk, such as HOMA-1B -0.09 (95% CI:-0.13--0.06), and visceral adipose tissue -0.15 cm2 (95% CI:-0.20--0.10). In contrast, the IMD dimension was associated with well-known adverse cardiometabolic metabolites such as higher visceral adipose tissue 0.11 cm2 (95% CI:0.06-0.16), HOMA-1B 0.08 (95% CI: 0.05-0.12), and lower HDL levels -0.04 mmol/L (95% CI:-0.07--0.01). Conclusions: Combining metabolomics and clinical symptoms we identified a replicable depression dimension associated with adverse metabolic alterations, in line with the IMD hypothesis. Patients with IMD may be at higher cardiometabolic risk and may benefit from specific treatment targeting underlying metabolic dysregulations.

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