Can fetal abdominal visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat thickness be used for correct estimation of fetal weight? A preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermin Köşüş ◽  
Aydın Köşüş
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Correct Estimation ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract 5822: Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation Synchronize With Inflammatory Activity OF Visceral Fat

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eung Ju Kim ◽  
Hong Seog Seo ◽  
Sungeun Kim ◽  
Jin Oh Na ◽  
Jae Hyoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plaque Inflammation ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background: Visceral adipose tissue is thought to confer increased cardiovascular risk through leukocyte infiltration and increased adipose macrophage activity. Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) demonstrated that increased FDG uptake could reflect the severity of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque. We hypothesized that active atherosclerotic change in the major arteries would accompany increased inflammation within visceral fat and it could be detected in humans using combined FDG PET/computed tomography (CT). Methods: We observed 44 consecutive subjects with cardiovascular disease. For all of them, an one-hour PET/CT (from brain to foot) was performed after injection of FDG (370–555 MBq). FDG uptake in the aorta or its major branches was evaluated visually and semiquantitatively. Maximal standard uptake values (SUV) of the highest regions of interest were calculated in the subcutaneous fat and visceral fat area, separately. Results: Significant FDG uptake in the arterial wall was noted in 21 patients (plaque positive; PP group), all of whom have experienced acute cardiovascular events (acute coronary syndrome or ischemic stroke) within a week. The other 23 patients (plaque negative; PN group) had chronic stable angina or asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Visceral fat SUV was significantly higher as compared to subcutaneous fat SUV (0.49± 0.15 vs. 0.15± 0.05, p< 0.001) in PP group, whereas there was no significant difference in PN group (0.18± 0.07 vs. 0.16± 0.03, p= 0.622). When we compared two groups, PP group showed higher visceral fat SUV than PN group (p< 0.001). In terms of subcutaneous fat SUV, the results were similar in two groups (p= 0.773). Conclusions: We demonstrated that atherosclerotic plaque inflammation was associated with increased inflammation within visceral fat. Our results need to be confirmed by comparison with histologic or other imaging findings. Further evaluation to determine whether metabolic activity of visceral adipose tissue is a marker or mediator of vascular inflammation is also needed.

scholarly journals Obesity and COVID-19: The role of visceral adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Petersen ◽  
Keno Bressem ◽  
Jakob Albrecht ◽  
Hans-Martin Thiess ◽  
Janis Vahldiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Icu Treatment

INTRODUCTION: During the unprecedented health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic it was suggested that obesity might aggravate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between Compute Tomography (CT)-based measurements of visceral and subcutaneous fat as measures of obesity and COVID-19 severity. METHODS: 30 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and a mean age of 65.59 plus/minus 13.06 years from a level one medical center in Berlin, Germany, were retrospectively analyzed and included in the present analysis. SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction from throat swaps or deep nasal swabs on the day of admission. Severe clinical courses of COVID-19 were defined by hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation. All patients received low-dose chest CT-based fat measurements at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. RESULTS: An increase in visceral fat area (VFA) by one square decimeter was associated with a 22.53-fold increased risk for ICU treatment and a 16.11-fold increased risk for mechanical ventilation (adjusted for age and sex). For upper abdominal circumference, each additional centimeter of circumference showed a 1.13-fold increased risk for ICU treatment and a 1.25-fold increased risk for mechanical ventilation. There was no significant correlation of subcutaneous fat area (SFA) or body mass index (BMI) with severe clinical courses of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that visceral adipose tissue and upper abdominal circumference specifically increasing the risk of COVID-19 severity. CT-based quantification of visceral adipose tissue and upper abdominal circumference in routinely acquired chest CTs may therefore be a simple tool for risk assessment in SARS-CoV-2-patients.

Abstract 5466: In Vivo Molecular Imaging Revealed Chronic Inflammation and Increased Adhesion Molecules in Obese Adipose Tissue in Mice

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nishimura ◽  
Mika Nagasaki ◽  
Ichiro Manabe ◽  
Kinya Seo ◽  
Takashi Kadowaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor of cardiovascular events, and obese visceral adipose tissue remodeling and malfunctioning based on chronic inflammation plays a central role. To assess dynamic multi-cellular interplay, a novel ex vivo (a–c) and in vivo (d–f) adipose tissue imaging method was developed. We found close spatial and temporal interrelationships between angiogenesis and adipogenesis, and both were augmented in obese adipose (c,arrow). In addition, we found increased leukocyte-platelet-endothelial cell interactions in the micro-circulation of obese visceral adipose that were indicative of activation of the leukocyte adhesion cascade, a hallmark of inflammation (e,f). Both macrophages and endothelial cells showed increased adhesion molecules including ICAM-1 and Selectin families, and P-selectin positive platelets were increased locally in obese adipose. Up-regulated expression of adhesion molecules on multiple cell types suggests their increased interactions contribute to local activation of inflammatory processes within visceral obese adipose tissue. Interestingly, the heightened leukocyte-platelet-endothelial interactions were not observed in obese subcutaneous fat pads. Our results demonstrated the power of our imaging technique to analyze complex inflammatory cellular interplays in vivo and to evaluate new therapeutic interventions against them. Results also indicate that visceral adipose tissue obesity is an inflammatory disease.

Relationship between visceral obesity and plasma fibrinogen in obese children

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Hafez ◽  
Sahar El-Masry ◽  
Noha Musa ◽  
Marwa Fathy ◽  
Mona Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased significantly worldwide with an alarming rise of its co-morbidities. The excess of visceral adipose tissue is associated with hypertension, prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory states. Our aim was to find a possible association between visceral obesity and plasma fibrinogen, as one of the cardiovascular risk factors, in obese children.Forty-three obese children and 40 non-obese controls were studied regarding their history, complete physical examination, anthropometric assessment, body composition analysis, ultrasonographic measurement of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat as well as laboratory measurement of plasma fibrinogen.Our study revealed significant higher levels of fibrinogen in obese children than controls (14.5+5.1 and 2.9+0.52 mg/mL, respectively) with p-value <0.01. Moreover, the obese group had statistically significant difference in visceral fat (5.96+0.77 cm) and subcutaneous fat (2.66+0.70 cm) than controls (2.45+0.65 and 0.70+0.18 mg/mL, respectively) with p-value <0.01. In addition, fibrinogen had significant positive correlation with body mass index (r=0.327), waist/hip ratio (r=0.394), fat percentage (r=0.301), visceral adipose tissue (r=0.323) and subcutaneous fat (r=0.301).There was highly significant increase in the fibrinogen level, visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat in the obese group with insignificant sex differences. Fibrinogen had a significant positive correlation with the different adiposity markers, blood pressure, visceral and subcutaneous fat. Visceral adipose tissue is a stronger predictor for cardiovascular risk compared to subcutaneous fat.

scholarly journals Visceral Adipose Tissue and Different Measures of Adiposity in Different Severities of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Netanja Harlianto ◽  
Jan Westerink ◽  
Wouter Foppen ◽  
Marjolein Hol ◽  
Rianne Wittenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is associated with both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to investigate the relation between DISH and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in particular, as this would support a causal role of insulin resistance and low grade inflammation in the development of DISH. Methods: In 4334 patients with manifest vascular disease, the relation between different adiposity measures and the presence of DISH was compared using z-scores via standard deviation logistic regression analyses. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, non-HDL cholesterol, smoking status, and renal function. Results: DISH was present in 391 (9%) subjects. The presence of DISH was associated with markers of adiposity and had a strong relation with VAT in males (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.20–1.54) and females (OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.06–1.93). In males with the most severe DISH (extensive ossification of seven or more vertebral bodies) the association between DISH and VAT was stronger (OR: 1.61; 95%CI: 1.31–1.98), while increased subcutaneous fat was negatively associated with DISH (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.49–0.95). In females, increased subcutaneous fat was associated with the presence of DISH (OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.14–1.80). Conclusion: Markers of adiposity, including VAT, are strongly associated with the presence of DISH. Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness was negatively associated with more severe cases of DISH in males, while in females, increased subcutaneous adipose tissue was associated with the presence of DISH.

scholarly journals Cryolipolysis-induced abdominal fat change: Split-body trials

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242782
Author(s):  
In Cheol Hwang ◽  
Kyoung Kon Kim ◽  
Kyu Rae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Cryolipolysis has been considered as a noninvasive alternative to surgical procedures for reducing subcutaneous fat without affecting the surrounding tissues. However, no clinical trial has investigated changes in the abdominal fat tissue by 12 weeks after cryolipolysis. Therefore, in this split-body trial, we explored whether a single session of unilateral cryolipolysis could change visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue over a period of 12 weeks. We compared the cross-sectional areas of the abdominal adipose tissue of 15 subjects (9 women; 38.3 [10.8] years) by computed tomography before and at 12 weeks after a single treatment of cryolipolysis to the left abdomen and used the right abdomen as untreated control. In addition, we measured participants’ waist circumference, percentage of body fat (by bioelectrical impedance analysis) at baseline and at 6- and 12-weeks post-treatment. Single unilateral cryolipolysis tended to reduce the cross-sectional areas of visceral adipose tissue, by 8.4 cm2 (9.9%), the waist circumferences, and the percent body fat, by 2.8 cm2 (0.6%), overall. The cross-sectional area of visceral adipose tissues on the treated side significantly decreased, by 6.8 cm2 (15.6%; P = 0.003), and that of the untreated side tended to decrease by 1.2 cm2 (3.6%). Thus, a single unilateral session of noninvasive selective cryolipolysis can be considered as a safe and effective treatment for reduction of visceral adipose tissue over a period of 12 weeks, which should result in metabolic improvement.

Relationship between maternal bone biomarkers and fetal adiposity through normal pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Mastorakos ◽  
Dimosthenis Maliopoulos ◽  
Spyridoula Kasioni ◽  
Alexandra Bargiota ◽  
Thomas Μ Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ◽  
Sagittal Diameter ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

Abstract Purpose To examine the association of maternal bone markers (sclerostin, sRANKL, osteocalcin, 25OHD3) with fetal intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue deposition and birthweight during normal pregnancy. Methods One hundred pregnant women (aged 30.4±5.6 years, mean±SD) with pre-pregnancy BMI=24.1±4.6 kg/m² were seen prospectively during each trimester. At each visit they were submitted to anthropometric measurements, a fasting blood sampling, a 75gr oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a fetal ultrasonogram. At birth, neonates had birth weight measurement. Results In the 2 nd trimester maternal sclerostin concentrations correlated positively with fetal abdominal circumference and birth weight; maternal sRANKL concentrations correlated positively with fetal abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, sagittal abdominal diameter and abdominal circumference. Fetuses born to mothers with greater (&gt;254 ng/mL) compared to fetuses born to mothers with lower (≤254 ng/mL) sRANKL concentrations had greater abdominal circumference, sagittal diameter and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness. Maternal serum sclerostin concentrations were the best positive predictors of birth weight. In the 3 rd trimester maternal sclerostin concentrations correlated positively with fetal sagittal abdominal diameter; maternal sRANKL concentrations positively correlated with fetal abdominal circumference and fetal abdominal sagittal diameter. Conclusions Maternal bone markers sclerostin and sRANKL may relate with fetal intra-abdominal adipose tissue deposition through direct or indirect unknown as yet mechanisms contributing thus, to birthweight.

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