scholarly journals COVID-19 Variants Database: A repository for Human SARS-CoV-2 Polymorphism Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allah Rakha ◽  
Haroon Rasheed ◽  
Zunaira Batool ◽  
Javed Akram ◽  
Atif Adnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
The Public ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
Genome Browsers ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Clustal Omega ◽  
Reference Genomes

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 is a newly communicable disease with a catastrophe outbreak that affects all over the world. We retrieved about 8,781 nucleotide fragments and complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 reported from sixty-four countries. The CoV-2 reference genome was obtained from the National Genomics Data Center (NGDC), GISAID, and NCBI Genbank. All the sequences were aligned against reference genomes using Clustal Omega and variants were called using in-house built Python script. We intend to establish a user-friendly online resource to visualize the variants in the viral genome along with the Primer Infopedia. After analyzing and filtering the data globally, it was made available to the public. The detail of data available to the public includes mutations from 5688 SARS-CoV-2 sequences curated from 91 regions. This database incorporated 39920 mutations over 3990 unique positions. According to the translational impact, these mutations include 11829 synonymous mutations including 681 synonymous frameshifts and 21701 nonsynonymous mutations including 10 nonsynonymous frameshifts. Development of SARS-CoV-2 mutation genome browsers is a fundamental step obliging towards the virus surveillance, viral detection, and development of vaccine and therapeutic drugs. The SARS-COV-2 mutation browser is available at http://covid-19.dnageography.com.

scholarly journals ‘Give Us The Tools!’: development of knowledge transfer tools to support the involvement of patient partners in the development of clinical trial protocols with patient-reported outcomes (PROs), in accordance with SPIRIT-PRO Extension

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e046450
Author(s):  
Samantha Cruz Rivera ◽  
Richard Stephens ◽  
Rebecca Mercieca-Bebber ◽  
Ameeta Retzer ◽  
Claudia Rutherford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Patient And Public Involvement ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Additional Patient ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Trial Protocols ◽  
User Friendly

Objectives(a) To adapt the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT)-patient-reported outcome (PRO) Extension guidance to a user-friendly format for patient partners and (b) to codesign a web-based tool to support the dissemination and uptake of the SPIRIT-PRO Extension by patient partners.DesignA 1-day patient and public involvement session.ParticipantsSeven patient partners.MethodsA patient partner produced an initial lay summary of the SPIRIT-PRO guideline and a glossary. We held a 1-day PPI session in November 2019 at the University of Birmingham. Five patient partners discussed the draft lay summary, agreed on the final wording, codesigned and agreed the final content for both tools. Two additional patient partners were involved in writing the manuscript. The study compiled with INVOLVE guidelines and was reported according to the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public 2 checklist.ResultsTwo user-friendly tools were developed to help patients and members of the public be involved in the codesign of clinical trials collecting PROs. The first tool presents a lay version of the SPIRIT-PRO Extension guidance. The second depicts the most relevant points, identified by the patient partners, of the guidance through an interactive flow diagram.ConclusionsThese tools have the potential to support the involvement of patient partners in making informed contributions to the development of PRO aspects of clinical trial protocols, in accordance with the SPIRIT-PRO Extension guidelines. The involvement of patient partners ensured the tools focused on issues most relevant to them.

scholarly journals GIS-technologies in the advancement of epidemiological surveillance for anthrax in the Rostov region

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Vodyanitskaya ◽  
L. V Sudina ◽  
F. V Logvin ◽  
A. S Vodopjanov ◽  
Yu. G Kireev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Register ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
State Archives ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Informational System

The article describes geo-informational system (GIS) aimed at advancement of epidemiological surveillance for anthrax in the Rostov region and developed with the use of the following resources: computerized program Quantum GIS 2.2, soil maps from "Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia", information submitted by experts of the Federal State Healthcare Institution "Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Rostov Region", data gained from the Public State Archives of the Rostov region. GIS makes it possible to reveal patterns ofspread ofanthrax among people and animals, to carry out comparative historic data analysis, to trace dynamics and a trend of incidence, to analyze the distribution of fixed problem areas according to the types of soils, landscapes, etc. Information presented in user-friendly form will be helpful for the effective and timely decision-making.

THE PEDIATRICIAN AND THE PUBLIC

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-285
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
The Public

I appreciate very much your invitation to bring to the readers of Pediatrics information about summer assignments in the Public Health Service, the qualifications required and the results that may be anticipated from a few months' experience with our Service. For more than four years, now, the Public Health Service has made available summer employment to a limited number of students in medical, engineering, and basic science professions. The practice has proved beneficial to the Service in providing assistance to selected public health clinical and research projects. It also has offered actual working experience in a supervised environment for students in the medical and allied scientific fields. Many students and a number of deans have expressed appreciation of the opportunities which summer employment has contributed to the professional training and development of the students. Our reason for initiating the summer program has been twofold. We need the temporary assistance of competent students in many of our operating and research programs and we want more students to become acquainted with the reasons for the conduct of public health activities. Students selected for these assignments receive civil service appointments which begin at the close of the academic year and terminate early in September. The salary is $284 a month. These summer assignments cover a wide area of Public Health Service activity. They range from laboratory research projects at the National Institutes of Health to investigations of communicable disease problems at the Communicable Disease Center; from clinical assistant posts in venereal disease clinics to assistant-ships in our psychiatric hospital; from studies of industrial plant hazards to epidemiological investigations of psittacosis.

Location-Based Data Visualisation Tool for Tuberculosis and Dengue

2014 ◽  
pp. 260-282
Author(s):  
Kim Nee Goh ◽  
Yoke Yie Chen ◽  
Cheah Hui Chow
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Data Visualisation ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Officer ◽  
Prototype Tool ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Rural Places ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Malaysians suffer from both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Tuberculosis (communicable disease) is common in rural places and dengue (non-communicable disease) is a popular vector-borne disease in Malaysia. Health centres record information of the victims, but merely recording the address in a Microsoft Excel file does not provide much insight to viewers. Currently, an easy to use tool is not available for doctors, officers from the Ministry of Health, and also the public to analyse and visualise the data. It is difficult and time consuming to analyse and interpret raw data tabulated through Microsoft Excel. This research aims to develop a prototype tool that visualises disease data on a Google map. An interpretation is then generated along with the visualisation to give an impartial description about the data. This prototype obtained favourable feedback from a health officer as it can help them in analysing data and assist in the decision making process. The benefit of such application is helpful in tracking diseases’ spreading patterns, how to isolate diseases, as well as mobilising personnel and equipment to the affected areas.

Drop the "e"

2011 ◽  
pp. 1016-1046
Author(s):  
Douglas Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Online Services ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
The Public ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Political Understanding

This chapter was prepared originally for the 2002 Task Force of the OECD Project on the Impact of E-Government and was updated in 2004 for inclusion in the book, Practicing E-Government: A Global Perspective. The chapter addresses the risk of low public awareness and declining political interest as barriers to e-government, and considers ways governments can develop better marketing techniques to “sell” online services and the e-government concept to both groups. The term “marketing” is used loosely to mean both the presentation and promotion of actual online services to encourage people to use them, and the presentation and promotion of the theory and concept of e-government to ensure political understanding of its benefits to society. The chapter has two parts plus an initial Executive Summary that summarizes the points raised in both sections. Part A discusses demand-side issues: the lack of awareness and confusion among users and potential users of electronic services and how these issues can be addressed with various marketing techniques. While the greatest factor contributing to low take-up of electronic services continues to be poor Internet access and a lack of computer skills, the purpose of this report is not to address social exclusion issues. It is recognized that the digital divide is gradually being bridged and therefore the chapter primarily considers the person who has access to a computer but, for a variety of reasons, does not use it to access government services. Part B looks at the supply side and ways to market the concept of e-government to decision-makers — politicians and senior level bureaucrats — who are responsible for supporting and funding the development of online services and for removing remaining regulatory and legal barriers. The chapter does not address culture change within the public sector and the need to shift the mindset of government employees from traditional department-centric thinking into more customer-centric and user-friendly approaches. Overcoming employee resistance to new working methods requires more management skills than marketing skills. But marketing techniques can be used to address the risk of a backlash against e-government as declining political interest in the Internet generally and in e-government specifically coincides with the need to develop more complex and expensive electronic services and information systems. The author would like to thank Stefan Czerniawski, David Hickman, Chris Roberts, and Rod Quiney for their contributions.

Health services for health promotion and disease prevention

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-171
Author(s):  
Jenifer Smith ◽  
James Mapstone
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Definition Of

The importance of social and environmental factors in determining the health status of a population provides the context for the role of health services in health promotion and disease prevention. Health service providers play important roles as advocates, leaders, and partners in disease prevention and health promotion strategies. The initial sections of this chapter discuss the definition of prevention, levels of prevention, and the place of population-wide and high-risk approaches. It then discusses some of the public health skills that are required in prevention programmes, including assessing needs and priorities, evidence of effectiveness, the role of behavioural and implementation sciences, and the importance of evaluation. The chapter illustrates these principles using examples from communicable and non-communicable disease control.

scholarly journals Envisioning AI for K-12: What Should Every Child Know about AI?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 9795-9799 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Touretzky ◽  
Christina Gardner-McCune ◽  
Fred Martin ◽  
Deborah Seehorn
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Working Group ◽  
National Standards ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
The Public ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
K 12

The ubiquity of AI in society means the time is ripe to consider what educated 21st century digital citizens should know about this subject. In May 2018, the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) and the Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA) formed a joint working group to develop national guidelines for teaching AI to K-12 students. Inspired by CSTA's national standards for K-12 computing education, the AI for K-12 guidelines will define what students in each grade band should know about artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics. The AI for K-12 working group is also creating an online resource directory where teachers can find AI- related videos, demos, software, and activity descriptions they can incorporate into their lesson plans. This blue sky talk invites the AI research community to reflect on the big ideas in AI that every K-12 student should know, and how we should communicate with the public about advances in AI and their future impact on society. It is a call to action for more AI researchers to become AI educators, creating resources that help teachers and students understand our work.

A Comparison of How Canada, England, and Denmark are Managing their Electronic Health Record Journeys

2010 ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Protti
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Quality ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Electronic Health Information

Healthcare is one of the world’s most information-intensive industries. Every day, volumes of data are produced which, properly used, can improve clinical practice and outcomes, guide planning and resource allocation, and enhance accountability. Electronic health information is fundamental to better healthcare. There will be no significant increase in healthcare quality and efficiency without high quality, user-friendly health information compiled and delivered electronically. The growing use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the healthcare sector has introduced numerous opportunities and benefits to patients, providers and governments alike. Patients are being provided with tools to help them manage and monitor their healthcare, providers are able to seamlessly access up-to-date patient information, and governments are showing transparency to the public by reporting health data and information on their websites. There is mounting evidence that national, regional, and organizational e-health strategies are being developed and implemented worldwide. This chapter provides an overview of three different national e-health strategies, and identifies the lessons learned from the e-health strategies of Canada, England and Denmark.

scholarly journals Tools for Assessment of Country Preparedness for Public Health Emergencies: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Haeberer ◽  
Svetla Tsolova ◽  
Paul Riley ◽  
Rosa Cano-Portero ◽  
Ute Rexroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
System Response ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
User Friendly

ABSTRACT Recent international communicable disease crises have highlighted the need for countries to assure their preparedness to respond effectively to public health emergencies. The objective of this study was to critically review existing tools to support a country’s assessment of its health emergency preparedness. We developed a framework to analyze the expected effectiveness and utility of these tools. Through mixed search strategies, we identified 12 tools with relevance to public health emergencies. There was considerable consensus concerning the critical preparedness system elements to be assessed, although their relative emphasis and means of assessment and measurement varied considerably. Several tools identified appeared to have reporting requirements as their primary aim, rather than primary utility for system self-assessment of the countries and states using the tool. Few tools attempted to give an account of their underlying evidence base. Only some tools were available in a user-friendly electronic modality or included quantitative measures to support the monitoring of system preparedness over time. We conclude there is still a need for improvement in tools available for assessment of country preparedness for public health emergencies, and for applied research to increase identification of system measures that are valid indicators of system response capability.

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