scholarly journals Oscillation-based connectivity architecture is dominated by an intrinsic spatial organization, not cognitive state or frequency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parham Mostame ◽  
Sepideh Sadaghiani
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
State Dependency ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFunctional connectivity (FC) of neural oscillations (~1-150Hz) is thought to facilitate neural information exchange across brain areas by forming malleable neural ensembles in the service of cognitive processes. However, neural oscillations and their FC are not restricted to certain cognitive demands and continuously unfold in all cognitive states. To what degree is the spatial organization of oscillation-based FC affected by cognitive state or governed by an intrinsic architecture? And what is the impact of oscillation frequency and FC mode (phase-versus amplitude coupling)? Using ECoG recordings of 18 presurgical patients, we quantified the state-dependency of oscillation-based FC in five canonical frequency bands and across an array of 6 task states. For both phase- and amplitude coupling, static FC analysis revealed a spatially largely state-invariant (i.e. intrinsic) component in all frequency bands. Further, the observed intrinsic FC pattern was spatially similar across all frequency bands. However, temporally independent FC dynamics in each frequency band allow for frequency-specific malleability in information exchange. In conclusion, the spatial organization of oscillation-based FC is largely stable over cognitive states, i.e. primarily intrinsic in nature, and shared across frequency bands. The state-invariance is in line with prior findings at the other temporal extreme of brain activity, the infraslow range (~<0.1Hz) observed in fMRI. Our observations have implications for conceptual frameworks of oscillation-based FC and the analysis of task-related FC changes.

scholarly journals Decode Brain System: A Dynamic Adaptive Convolutional Quorum Voting Approach for Variable-Length EEG Data

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tao Xu ◽  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Zekai Hou ◽  
Wenlan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Variable Length ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Processing Variable ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Eeg Recordings

The brain is a complex and dynamic system, consisting of interacting sets and the temporal evolution of these sets. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings of brain activity play a vital role to decode the cognitive process of human beings in learning research and application areas. In the real world, people react to stimuli differently, and the duration of brain activities varies between individuals. Therefore, the length of EEG recordings in trials gathered in the experiment is variable. However, current approaches either fix the length of EEG recordings in each trial which would lose information hidden in the data or use the sliding window which would consume large computation on overlapped parts of slices. In this paper, we propose TOO (Traverse Only Once), a new approach for processing variable-length EEG trial data. TOO is a convolutional quorum voting approach that breaks the fixed structure of the model through convolutional implementation of sliding windows and the replacement of the fully connected layer by the 1 × 1 convolutional layer. Each output cell generated from 1 × 1 convolutional layer corresponds to each slice created by a sliding time window, which reflects changes in cognitive states. Then, TOO employs quorum voting on output cells and determines the cognitive state representing the entire single trial. Our approach provides an adaptive model for trials of different lengths with traversing EEG data of each trial only once to recognize cognitive states. We design and implement a cognitive experiment and obtain EEG data. Using the data collecting from this experiment, we conducted an evaluation to compare TOO with a state-of-art sliding window end-to-end approach. The results show that TOO yields a good accuracy (83.58%) at the trial level with a much lower computation (11.16%). It also has the potential to be used in variable signal processing in other application areas.

THE ROLE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE INHIBITION OF POSTCASTRATION SYNDROME IN CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE BASED ON PROGRAMMABLE XENON THERAPY REGIMENS

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-714
Author(s):  
Yuriy Sidorenko ◽  
Oleg Kit ◽  
Natalya Popova ◽  
Yuliya Arapova ◽  
Alla Shikhlyarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Psychological Testing ◽  
The State ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Significant Correction

The aim was to study the possibility of normalizing rhythmic brain activity and psychoemotional status in young patients with locally advanced cervical cancer after surgical castration and the development of severe postovariectomic syndrome using low dose xenon therapy regimens. Material and methods. The study included data obtained from 30 patients aged 39.4±3.7 years with cervical cancer pT1bN0M0 (n=14), pT2aN0M0 (n=16); after the extirpation of the uterus with appendages and the upper third of the vagina with pelvic lymphadenectomy, patients received low-dose xenon therapy in an exponential programmed regimen of xenon concentration and exposure. The state of brain rhythms was controlled using the electroencephalograph-recorder “En-cephalan EEGR-19/26”. 19 unipolar leads were recorded with the calculation of the EEG spectral power and topographical mapping using the Encephalan-3D program. Psychological testing of patients with cervical cancer was performed using the questionnaires of 7-point individual subjective self-assessment developed by Garkavi L.Kh.- KuzmenkoT.S. Results. The normalizing effect of xenon therapy involved restructuring of cortical brain activity with a decrease in the power of slow- and high-frequency alpha-rhythm subranges and the predominance of physiologically significant mid-frequency alpha rhythms of 9.6 Hz quiet wakefulness together with slow delta and theta ranges. This correlated with the data of topographic mapping of the power spectrum on the presence of two foci of the spatial organization of alpha and theta rhythms. Evaluation criteria for psychological testing showed the reduction of anxiety, depression, fatigue, normalization of sleep, appetite, work capacity, and increased activity and optimism in 82-98% of patients. Conclusion. The possibility of inhibiting the postcastration syndrome in patients with cervical cancer is evidently realized through the xenon-induced effect of brain rhythmogenesis restructuring, leading to the normalization of impaired cortical-subcortical relationships and the formation of positive psycho-emotional status. The therapeutic expediency of low-dose xenon therapy for oncogynecological patients is determined by a significant correction of the state of the CNS state and the early achievement of functional and social rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Exogenous cognition and cognitive state theory: The plexus of consumer analytics and decision-making

2020 ◽  
pp. 147059312096494
Author(s):  
Andrew Smith ◽  
John Harvey ◽  
James Goulding ◽  
Gavin Smith ◽  
Leigh Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pervasive Computing ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Smart Technology ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Specific Manifestation ◽  
The Impact

We develop the concept of exogenous cognition (ExC) as a specific manifestation of an external cognitive system. ExC describes the technological and algorithmic extension of (and annexation of) cognition in a consumption context. ExC provides a framework to enhance the understanding of the impact of pervasive computing and smart technology on consumer decision-making and the behavioural impacts of consumer analytics. To this end, the article provides commentary and structures to outline the impact of ExC and to elaborate the definition and reach of ExC. The logic of ExC culminates in a theory of cognitive states comprising of three potential decision states: endogenous cognition, symbiotic cognition and surrogate cognition. These states are posited as transient (consumers might move between them during a purchase episode) and determined by individual propensities and situational antecedents. The article latterly provides various potential empirical avenues and issues for consideration and debate.

scholarly journals DREAM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu-Qing Gong ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Chao Jiang ◽  
Xiu-Xia Xing ◽  
Hao-Ming Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Multiple Frequency ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
The Brain

AbstractRhythms of the brain are generated by neural oscillations across multiple frequencies. These oscillations can be decomposed into distinct frequency intervals associated with specific physiological processes. In practice, the number and ranges of decodable frequency intervals are determined by sampling parameters, often ignored by researchers. To improve the situation, we report on an open toolbox with a graphical user interface for decoding rhythms of the brain system (DREAM). We provide worked examples of DREAM to investigate frequency-specific performance of both neural (spontaneous brain activity) and neurobehavioral (in-scanner head motion) oscillations. DREAM decoded the head motion oscillations and uncovered that younger children moved their heads more than older children across all five frequency intervals whereas boys moved more than girls in the age of 7 to 9 years. It is interesting that the higher frequency bands contain more head movements, and showed stronger age-motion associations but weaker sex-motion interactions. Using data from the Human Connectome Project, DREAM mapped the amplitude of these neural oscillations into multiple frequency bands and evaluated their test-retest reliability. The resting-state brain ranks its spontaneous oscillation’s amplitudes spatially from high in ventral-temporal areas to low in ventral-occipital areas when the frequency band increased from low to high, while those in part of parietal and ventral frontal regions are reversed. The higher frequency bands exhibited more reliable amplitude measurements, implying more inter-individual variability of the amplitudes for the higher frequency bands. In summary, DREAM adds a reliable and valid tool to mapping human brain function from a multiple-frequency window into brain waves.

Aligning Brain Activity and Sketch in Multi-Modal CAD Interface

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh B. Shafiei ◽  
Ehsan Tarkesh Esfahani
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Dynamic Time

This paper investigates the proper synchronization of sketch data and cognitive states in a multi-modal CAD interface. In a series of experiments, 5 subjects were instructed to watch and then explain 6 mechanical mechanisms by sketching them on a touch based screen. Simultaneously, subject’s brain waves were recorded in terms of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from 9 locations on the scalp. EEG signals were analyzed and translated into mental workload and cognitive state. A dynamic time window was then constructed to align these features with sketch features such that the combination of two modalities maximizes the classification of gesture from non-gesture strokes. Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) was used as classification method. Our experimental results show that the best temporal alignment for workload and sketch analysis starts from 30% time lag with previous stroke and ends before 30% time lag with next stroke.

scholarly journals Frequency-Dependent Amplitude Alterations of Resting-State Spontaneous Fluctuations in Late-Onset Depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Yue ◽  
Xize Jia ◽  
Zhenghua Hou ◽  
Yufeng Zang ◽  
Yonggui Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity ◽  
The Impact

There is limited amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in late-onset depression (LOD) but reported different results. This may be due to the impact of different frequency bands. In this study, we examined the ALFF in five different frequency bands (slow-6: 0–0.01 Hz; slow-5: 0.01–0.027 Hz; slow-4: 0.027–0.073 Hz; slow-3: 0.073–0.167 Hz, and slow-2: 0.167–0.25 Hz) within the whole brain during resting-state fMRI in 16 LOD patients and 16 normal control (NC) subjects. The ALFF of primary effect of disease was widely distributed over left cerebellum anterior lobe, left cerebellum posterior lobe, left middle orbitofrontal gyrus, left superior occipital, and right superior parietal, while the interaction effect of disease and frequency was distributed over right superior frontal gyrus. Further relationship analysis findings suggest these abnormal ALFF may relate to cognitive dysfunction of LOD. Therefore, our data show that LOD patients have widespread abnormalities in intrinsic brain activity, which is dependent on the frequency band, and suggest that future studies should take the frequency bands into account when measuring intrinsic brain activity.

Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽  
Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KERUGIAN NEGARA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

EDUKASI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Karianga
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
State Finance ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Sources of revenue and expenditure of APBD (regional budget) can be allocated to finance the compulsory affairs and optional affairs in the form of programs and activities related to the improvement of public services, job creation, poverty alleviation, improvement of environmental quality, and regional economic growth. The implications of these policies is the need for funds to finance the implementation of the functions, that have become regional authority, is also increasing. In practice, regional financial management still poses a complicated issue because the regional head are reluctant to release pro-people regional budget policy, even implication of regional autonomy is likely to give birth to little kings in region causing losses to state finance and most end up in legal proceedings. This paper discusses the loss of state finance and forms of liability for losses to the state finance. The result of the study can be concluded firstly,  there are still many differences in giving meaning and definition of the loss of state finace and no standard definition of state losses, can cause difficulties. The difficulty there is in an effort to determine the amount of the state finance losses. The calculation of state/regions losses that occur today is simply assessing the suitability of the size of the budget and expenditure without considering profits earned by the community and the impact of the use of budget to the community. Secondly, the liability for losses to the state finance is the fulfillment of the consequences for a person to give or to do something in the regional financial management by giving birth to three forms of liability, namely the Criminal liability, Civil liability, and Administrative liability.Keywords: state finance losses, liability, regional finance.

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