scholarly journals Alteration of mucins in the submandibular gland during aging in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Kameyama ◽  
Wai Wai Thet Tin ◽  
Risa Nishijima ◽  
Kimi Yamakoshi
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
List Type ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Densitometric Analysis ◽  
Glycan Analysis

AbstractObjectiveMucins are large glycosylated glycoproteins that are produced in the salivary glands, and their changes may contribute to the development of xerostomia due to aging and the accompanying deterioration of oral hygiene. This study aimed to characterize the changes in the mucins produced in submandibular gland (SMG) during the aging process.MethodsSMG mucins derived from mice of each age were separated using supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME). Subsequently, the membranes were stained with AB or blotted with MAL-II lectin. The SMME membranes stained with AB were subjected to densitometric analysis and glycan analysis. The detailed structures of O-glycan were investigated by MS/MS spectra.ResultsThe SMG of mice secreted three mucins with different glycan profiles: age-specific mucin, youth-specific mucin, and a mucin expressed throughout life, and the expression patterns of these mucins change during aging. Additionally, age-specific mucin began to be detected at about 12 months of age. A mucin expressed throughout life and age-specific mucin had the same mass of major glycans but different structures.Furthermore, the proportion of mucin glycan species expressed throughout life changed during the aging process, and aging tended to decrease the proportion of fucosylated glycans and increase the proportion of sialoglycans.ConclusionThere are three secretory mucins with different glycan profiles in the SMG of mice, and their expression patterns change according to the period of the aging process. The proportion of glycan species of mucin expressed throughout life also changes during the aging process.HighlightsThree secreted mucins with different glycan profiles are detected in SMG using SMME.Each mucin has its own peak production age during the aging process.Age-specific mucin begins to be detected at about 12 months of age.Same mass of major glycans but different structures in mucins expressed throughout life vs. age-specific mucins.Proportion of mucin glycan species expressed throughout life changes during aging.

Biogenesis of Catalase-Positive Rods in Excretory Duct Cells of Salivary Glands

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Dwight K. Romanovicz ◽  
Jacob S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Excretory Duct ◽  
Exocrine Glands ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Different Dimensions

The presence of catalase-positive rods (Fig. 1) of different dimensions, which frequently have a crystalline appearance by light microscopy, has been reported. They seem to be related to peroxisomes which were characterized morphologically and cytochemically in parotid and other exocrine glands of the rat by Hand in 1973. Our light microscopic studies of these spherical microbodies and rods of different sizes, stained by virtue of the peroxidatic activity of their catalase, indicate that they are almost entirely confined to the cells of the striated and execretory ducts of the submandibular gland in the mouse. The rods were usually noted only in the proximity of the ductal microbodies. The latter frequently showed a tendency to appear in linear close array, or even to be contiguous (Fig. 2). This suggested that the rods could be formed by the fusion of microbodies.

scholarly journals Electron Microscopic Immunogold Localization of Salivary Mucins MG1 and MG2 in Human Submandibular and Sublingual Glands

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Piludu ◽  
Sean A. Rayment ◽  
Bing Liu ◽  
Gwynneth D. Offner ◽  
Frank G. Oppenheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Dense Cores ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Rabbit Igg ◽  
Lowicryl K4m

The human salivary mucins MG1 and MG2 are well characterized biochemically and functionally. However, there is disagreement regarding their cellular and glandular sources. The aim of this study was to define the localization and distribution of these two mucins in human salivary glands using a postembedding immunogold labeling method. Normal salivary glands obtained at surgery were fixed in 3% paraformaldehyde-0.1% glutaraldehyde and embedded in Lowicryl K4M or LR Gold resin. Thin sections were labeled with rabbit antibodies to MG1 or to an N-terminal synthetic peptide of MG2, followed by gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG. The granules of all mucous cells of the submandibular and sublingual glands were intensely reactive with anti-MG1. No reaction was detected in serous cells. With anti-MG2, the granules of both mucous and serous cells showed reactivity. The labeling was variable in both cell types, with mucous cells exhibiting a stronger reaction in some glands and serous cells in others. In serous granules, the electron-lucent regions were more reactive than the dense cores. Intercalated duct cells near the acini displayed both MG1 and MG2 reactivity in their apical granules. In addition, the basal and lateral membranes of intercalated duct cells were labeled with anti-MG2. These results confirm those of earlier studies on MG1 localization in mucous cells and suggest that MG2 is produced by both mucous and serous cells. They also indicate differences in protein expression patterns among salivary serous cells.

scholarly journals Autoradiographic localization of dihydrotestosterone binding in the major salivary glands and other androgen-responsive organs of the mouse.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1053-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
J I Morrell ◽  
E W Gresik ◽  
T Barka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Major Salivary Glands ◽  
Duct Cells

Mouse submandibular glands show an androgen-dependent sexual dimorphism, reflected in higher concentrations in males than in females of bioactive peptides, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor, and renin in the cells of the granular convoluted tubules (GCT). Biochemical studies have demonstrated androgen receptors in submandibular gland and other androgen-responsive organs in mouse. We have determined the cellular localization of these receptors using steroid autoradiography. Fifteen adult gonadectomized male mice were injected intravenously with 0.13 microgram or 0.26 microgram [3H]-dihydrotestosterone (SA 135 Ci/mM); some animals were pre-treated with cyclocytidine to stimulate secretion by GCT cells. Animals were killed 15 min, 1, 2, or 3 hr after isotope injection. Steroid autoradiographs were prepared, and some were stained immunocytochemically for EGF. Of the different cell types of submandibular gland, the acinar cells most frequently and intensely concentrated [3H]-DHT; GCT cells also concentrated the hormone, as did a small number of striated duct cells. In the other major salivary glands, the only cells that concentrated the androgen were interlobular striated duct cells in sublingual gland. In prostate, anterior pituitary, and brain a large number of cells concentrated androgen, as has been previously reported. Androgen binding by the GCT cells was a predictable finding, since androgen-induced alterations in composition and form of these cells are well documented. The intense androgen concentration by the acinar cells was an unexpected finding and suggests a hitherto unknown androgen regulation of these cells. An incidental finding was intense concentration of [3H]-DHT in the nuclei of the endothelial cells of the post-capillary venules of the cervical lymph nodes.

scholarly journals A comprehensive analysis of vomeronasal organ transcriptome reveals variable gene expression depending on age and function in rabbits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Villamayor ◽  
D Robledo ◽  
C Fernández ◽  
J Gullón ◽  
L Quintela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Channel ◽  
List Type ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Transient Receptor

ABSTRACTThe vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a chemosensory organ specialized in the detection of pheromones and consequently the regulation of behavioural responses mostly related to reproduction. VNO shows a broad variation on its organization, functionality and gene expression in vertebrates, and although the species analyzed to date have shown very specific features, its expression patterns have only been well-characterized in mice. Despite rabbits represent a model of chemocommunication, unfortunately no genomic studies have been performed on VNO of this species to date. The capacity of VNO to detect a great variety of different stimuli suggests a large number of genes with complex organization to support this function. Here we provide the first comprehensive gene expression analysis of the rabbit VNO through RNA-seq across different sexual maturation stages. We characterized the VNO transcriptome, updating the number of the two main vomeronasal receptor (VR) families, 129 V1R and 70 V2R. Among others, the expression of transient receptor potential channel 2 (TRPC2), a crucial cation channel generating electrical responses to sensory stimulation in vomeronasal neurons, along with the specific expression of some fomyl-peptide receptors and H2-Mv genes, both known to have specific roles in the VNO, revealed a the particular gene expression repertoire of this organ, but also its singularity in rabbits. Moreover, juvenile and adult VNO transcriptome showed consistent differences, which may indicate that these receptors are tuned to fulfill specific functions depending on maturation age. We also identified VNO-specific genes, including most VR and TRPC2, thus confirming their functional association with the VNO. Overall, these results represent the genomic baseline for future investigations which seek to understand the genetic basis of behavioural responses canalized through the VNO.HIGHLIGHTSFirst description of the rabbit vomeronasal organ (VNO) transcriptomeVNO contains a unique gene repertoire depending on the speciesHigh fluctuation of the VNO gene expression reveals changes dependent on age and specific functionsMost vomeronasal-receptors (VR) and transient receptor potential channel 2 (TRPC2) genes are VNO-specificReproduction-related genes shows a wide expression pattern

Synchronous pleomorphic adenoma in the infratemporal fossa and contralateral submandibular gland and endoscopic removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e237775
Author(s):  
Shahul Hameed Poondiyar Sirajuddin ◽  
Rayappa Chunnusamy
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Infratemporal Fossa ◽  
Endoscopic Removal ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Main Stem Bronchus ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
First Case

The objective of this article is to elucidate on our experience with the first case reported in the literature of a synchronous presentation of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) in infratemporal fossa as well as the contralateral submandibular gland. PA most commonly arises from the major salivary glands but has also been reported to arise from minor salivary glands in unusual sites such as the nasal septum, main stem bronchus, trachea, lacrimal gland, external auditory canal, etc. However, it seldom involves the infratemporal fossa and extremely few cases are reported in the literature and coexistent contralateral synchronous PA is nowhere reported in literature. The infratemporal fossa tumour posed a diagnostic dilemma and therapeutic challenge because of its concealed location which we dealt successfully with endoscopic sublabial trans maxillary approach.

Salivary gland diseases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Robinson ◽  
Keith Hunter ◽  
Michael Pemberton ◽  
Philip Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Endocrine Disturbances ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Gland Function

The salivary glands consist of three paired major glands—parotid, sub­mandibular, and sublingual—and the countless minor salivary glands found in almost every part of the oral cavity, except the gingiva and anterior regions of the hard palate. The secretion of saliva is essential for the normal function and health of the mouth, and disorders of salivary gland function predispose to oral disease. Functional disorders in salivary secretion may be associated with primary salivary gland disease but in other cases are a consequence of systemic factors, such as medi­cations, endocrine disturbances, and neurological disease, which are discussed in Chapter 10. Developmental anomalies of the salivary glands are rare. Aplasia of one or more major glands and atresia of one or more major salivary gland ducts have been reported. Congenital aplasia of the parotid gland may be associated with other facial abnormalities, e.g. ectodermal dysplasia, mandibulofacial dysostosis, and hemifacial microsomia. Heterotopic salivary tissue has been reported from a variety of sites in the head and neck region, the most frequent being its inclusion at the angle, or within the body, of the mandible, called a Stafne bone cavity. It is usually an incidental radiological finding and appears as a round or oval, well-demarcated radiolucency between the premolar region and angle of the jaw, and is typically located beneath the inferior dental canal. The radiographic appearances are due to a saucer-shaped depression or concavity of varying depth on the lingual aspect of the mandible, which contains salivary tissue in continuity with the submandibular gland. Accessory parotid tissue within the cheek or masseter muscle is rela­tively common and is subject to the same diseases that may affect the main gland. Age changes can be detected in both major and minor salivary glands. Reduction in the weights of submandibular and parotid glands has been reported with increasing age, associated in the submandibular gland with an age-dependent reduction in flow rates. By contrast, sev­eral studies have demonstrated that there is no significant reduction in parotid flow rates in the elderly.

scholarly journals The microbiota-gut-brain axis: An emerging role for the epigenome

2019 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijs Louwies ◽  
Anthony C Johnson ◽  
Albert Orock ◽  
Tian Yuan ◽  
Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Initial Stimulus ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Through the gut-brain axis, the microorganisms that reside in the gut are able to exert an important influence on the central nervous system. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota are involved in gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. During critical neurodevelopmental time periods, such as the early life, changes in gut microbial composition may detrimentally impact neurodevelopment, and subsequently lead to neurological disorders in later life. The finding that neurological disorders persist suggests that epigenetic modifications may be involved in response to disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Through establishing epigenetic modifications, environmental (microbial) signals can interfere with the cellular gene expression patterns. These long-lasting modifications exert their effects even when the initial stimulus is removed. In this review, we discuss the pathways that provide bidirectional communication between the microbiota and the central and peripheral nervous systems. Furthermore, we summarize how these microorganisms in the gut exert their influence through changing the epigenome in the brain-gut axis. Impact statement Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota may influence the etiology of gastrointestinal and neurological disorders by disturbing the communication in the gut-brain axis. Epigenetic changes in the gut-brain axis may perpetuate these phenotypes even when the gut microbiota has been restored. The studies reviewed in this article provide an overview of the influence the microbiota exerts onto its host’s epigenome. First, we summarize the bidirectional pathways through which the microbiota and the gut-brain axis communicate. Second, we provide evidence for the epigenome-altering capacity of the gut microbiota. Finally, we address the existing knowledge gaps and highlight the potential role of the epigenome in the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

scholarly journals Unusually Large Submandibular Sialoliths: Report of Two Cases

2009 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryem Toraman Alkurt ◽  
Ilkay Peker
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Wharton’S Duct

ABSTRACTSialoliths are the most common diseases of the salivary glands. They may occur in any of the salivary gland ducts but are most common in Wharton’s duct and the submandibular gland. This report presents clinical and radiographical signs of two unusually large sialoliths. There were painless swellings on the floor of the mouth in both cases. Radiographical examination revealed large irregular radioopaque mass superimposed right canine and premolar areas. After the lesions were removed, histopathological examination was performed and lesions were diagnosed as sialoliths. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:135-139)

Two malignant salivary gland tumours of different type in one patient

1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 798-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hosni ◽  
C. Fisher ◽  
P. Rhŷ-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumours ◽  
Adenoid Cystic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Parotid Gland

AbstractThe synchronous or metachronous occurrence of two tumours of the salivary glands in one patient is rare. These are mainly benign and of the same histological type. Here we report a 56-year-old man who developed a mucoepidermoid tumour of the left parotid gland four years after diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right submandibular gland. This combination of neoplasms has not to our knowledge been reported before.

scholarly journals Myeloid Sarcoma That Infiltrated a Preexisting Sebaceous Lymphadenoma in the Parotid Gland: Diagnostic Challenges and Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sunmi Jo ◽  
Hye-kyung Shim ◽  
Joo Yeon Kim ◽  
Sang Kyun Bae ◽  
Mi Ra Kim
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Myeloid Sarcoma ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Sebaceous Lymphadenoma

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rarely encountered extramedullary localized tumor that is composed of immature myeloid cells. We reported an extremely rare case of MS with concurrent bone marrow (BM) involvement that invaded into a preexisting sebaceous lymphadenoma in the parotid gland and neck lymph nodes. Prompted by this case, we also present a literature review of MS invasion into salivary glands. A 62-year-old man was initially diagnosed with carcinoma that arose in a sebaceous lymphadenoma in the parotid gland, through a total parotidectomy with neck dissection. After an extensive histopathological review that included immunohistochemistry, a pathologic diagnosis of MS with infiltration into the sebaceous lymphadenoma with concurrent BM involvement was confirmed. MS is difficult to diagnose accurately; herein, we analyzed the clinical presentations and effectiveness of the various diagnostic methods with a review of the literature. There are 17 cases, including our case, reported in 13 studies. Of the cases in which the salivary glands were affected, 10 involved the parotid gland, six involved the submandibular gland, and one involved both. Isolated invasion of the salivary gland was found in one case of parotid gland invasion and three cases of submandibular gland invasion. In 13 cases, the salivary glands were affected by various other lesions. Although there were no incidences of isolated MS, six patients were diagnosed with secondary MS and eight patients with MS with BM involvement, including this case. The diagnosis of MS is difficult given its rarity, and a high index of suspicion and integrated radiologic and careful histopathologic evaluation are required. Most cases of MS infiltrating the salivary gland might be indicated by the possibility of BM involvement. MS with BM involvement predicts poor prognosis and the need for intensive systemic treatment.

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