Salivary gland diseases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Robinson ◽  
Keith Hunter ◽  
Michael Pemberton ◽  
Philip Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Endocrine Disturbances ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Gland Function

The salivary glands consist of three paired major glands—parotid, sub­mandibular, and sublingual—and the countless minor salivary glands found in almost every part of the oral cavity, except the gingiva and anterior regions of the hard palate. The secretion of saliva is essential for the normal function and health of the mouth, and disorders of salivary gland function predispose to oral disease. Functional disorders in salivary secretion may be associated with primary salivary gland disease but in other cases are a consequence of systemic factors, such as medi­cations, endocrine disturbances, and neurological disease, which are discussed in Chapter 10. Developmental anomalies of the salivary glands are rare. Aplasia of one or more major glands and atresia of one or more major salivary gland ducts have been reported. Congenital aplasia of the parotid gland may be associated with other facial abnormalities, e.g. ectodermal dysplasia, mandibulofacial dysostosis, and hemifacial microsomia. Heterotopic salivary tissue has been reported from a variety of sites in the head and neck region, the most frequent being its inclusion at the angle, or within the body, of the mandible, called a Stafne bone cavity. It is usually an incidental radiological finding and appears as a round or oval, well-demarcated radiolucency between the premolar region and angle of the jaw, and is typically located beneath the inferior dental canal. The radiographic appearances are due to a saucer-shaped depression or concavity of varying depth on the lingual aspect of the mandible, which contains salivary tissue in continuity with the submandibular gland. Accessory parotid tissue within the cheek or masseter muscle is rela­tively common and is subject to the same diseases that may affect the main gland. Age changes can be detected in both major and minor salivary glands. Reduction in the weights of submandibular and parotid glands has been reported with increasing age, associated in the submandibular gland with an age-dependent reduction in flow rates. By contrast, sev­eral studies have demonstrated that there is no significant reduction in parotid flow rates in the elderly.

Alpha-synuclein in salivary gland as biomarker for Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaminia Campo ◽  
Raffaella Carletti ◽  
Massimo Fusconi ◽  
Clelia Pellicano ◽  
Francesco E. Pontieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Salivary Gland Biopsy

Abstract Estimates of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) range between 46% and 90%, the accuracy of diagnosis dependent on prolonged clinical observation and clinical response to levodopa. For this reason, we need reliable diagnostic biomarkers. The cardinal hallmark of PD is alpha-synuclein aggregation in the brain. Demonstrating pathological alpha-synuclein in live patients would be useful for identifying and monitoring PD patients. By autopsy studies and in vivo studies, the presence of alpha-synuclein has been demonstrated even outside the central nervous system and the gastro-enteric tract appears to be the most promising candidate tissue for biopsy-taking and the esophagus and salivary glands appear to be the area with the highest concentration of alpha-synuclein. The purpose of our study is to conduct a review to determine the utility of salivary gland biopsy for the histological diagnosis of PD. A computerized medline study was carried out through the use of pubmed: using the MeSH terms: ‘salivary gland biopsy for PD’, ‘PD and dysphagia’, ‘alpha-synuclein and salivary gland’. We found 9 articles about minor salivary glands and submandibular gland biopsy for diagnosis of PD. According to the results of this review, the submandibular gland biopsy is the test with the increased sensitivity and specificity compared to the biopsy of the minor salivary glands (sensitivity: 0.85 and 0.37 respectability and specificity: 0.96 and 0.94 respectively). New studies are necessary on a wider population to confirm these results.

Pleomorphic Adenoma of Buccal Mucosa: A Rare Clinical Entity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooraj Somah
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumor ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands

Salivary gland tumors are rare tumors in the head and neck region and Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA) is the commonest salivary gland tumor. It is a benign tumor usually affecting parotid, submandibular or minor salivary glands. In minor salivary glands, the palate and lip are the commonest sites. Histopathological examination and various imaging techniques aid n diagnosis. Wide surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Here we present a rare case of PA of the buccal mucosa.

scholarly journals Neurofibromin expression by normal salivary glands

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloá Borges Luna ◽  
Pâmella Pinho Montovani ◽  
Rafaela Elvira Rozza-de-Menezes ◽  
Karin Soares Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Neurofibromatosis 1 ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Sublingual Gland ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Ductal Cells

AbstractIntroductionNeurofibromin, a protein encoded by theNF1gene, is mutated in neurofibromatosis 1, one of the most common genetic diseases. Oral manifestations are common and a high prevalence of hyposalivation was recently described in individuals with neurofibromatosis 1. Although neurofibromin is ubiquitously expressed, its expression levels vary depending on the tissue type and developmental stage of the organism. The role of neurofibromin in the development, morphology, and physiology of salivary glands is unknown and a detailed expression of neurofibromin in human normal salivary glands has never been investigated.AimTo investigate the expression levels and distribution of neurofibromin in acinar and ductal cells of major and minor salivary glands of adult individuals without NF1.Material and methodTen samples of morphologically normal major and minor salivary glands (three samples of each gland: parotid, submandibular and minor salivary; and one sample of sublingual gland) from individuals without neurofibromatosis 1 were selected to assess neurofibromin expression through immunohistochemistry. Immunoquantification was performed by a digital method.ResultsNeurofibromin was expressed in the cytoplasm of both serous and mucous acinar cells, as well as in ducts from all the samples of salivary glands. Staining intensity varied from mild to strong depending on the type of salivary gland and region (acini or ducts). Ducts had higher neurofibromin expression than acinar cells (p = 0.003). There was no statistical association between the expression of neurofibromin and the type of the salivary gland, considering acini (p = 0.09) or ducts (p = 0.50) of the four salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, minor salivary, and sublingual gland). Similar results were obtained comparing the acini (p = 0.35) and ducts (p = 0.50) of minor and major salivary glands. Besides, there was no correlation between the expression of neurofibromin and age (p = 0.08), and sex (p = 0.79) of the individuals, considering simultaneously the neurofibromin levels of acini and duct (n = 34).ConclusionNeurofibromin is expressed in the cytoplasm of serous and mucous acinar cells, and ductal cells of salivary glands, suggesting that this protein is important for salivary gland function.

Terminal duct adenocarcinomas of the parotid gland

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie L. Kemp ◽  
John G. Batsakis ◽  
Adel K. El-Naggar ◽  
Sophia N. Kotliar ◽  
Mario A. Luna
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Minor Salivary Gland ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Parotid Neoplasms ◽  
Clinicopathological Study

AbstractThe major salivary glands are considered to rarely be the sites of primary terminal duct adenocarcinomas, a neoplasm with a considerable predilection for origin from intraoral minor salivary glands. We present a clinicopathological study of 22 terminal duct adenocarcinomas of the parotid gland, the largest single series to date. A comparison between the parotid neoplasms and over 200 minor salivary gland terminal duct adenocarcinomas indicates there is little difference in biological behaviour and confirms the low-grade quality of the carcinomas, regardless of site of origin.

scholarly journals Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Cervical Heterotopic Salivary Gland: A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Vegari ◽  
Masoud Naderpour ◽  
Alireza Hemmati ◽  
Hosein Baybordi
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation ◽  
Painless Mass

Introduction. Although pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm of the salivary glands, this tumor most commonly involves the minor salivary glands of palatal and rarely occurs in cervical region.Case Report. A 21-year-old female referred to our clinic due to painless mass of right upper region of neck. After paraclinical and pathologic evaluation, it was diagnosed as cervical pleomorphic adenoma.Conclusion. Pleomorphic adenoma may be rarely involving the neck. Although the prognosis is good, the choice treatment is the complete resection of the tumor.

Mathematical evaluation of post-radiotherapy salivary gland function using salivary gland scintigraphy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Itonaga ◽  
Koichi Tokuuye ◽  
Ryuji Mikami ◽  
Akira Shimizu ◽  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Conformal Radiotherapy ◽  
Head And Neck Carcinoma ◽  
Salivary Gland Function ◽  
Salivary Gland Scintigraphy ◽  
Radiotherapy Group ◽  
Tolerance Dose ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Mathematical Evaluation

Objective: Xerostomia is the most common treatment-related toxicity after radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck carcinoma, reducing the quality of life of patients due to a decrease in salivary gland function. Methods: Salivary gland scintigraphy was performed to quantitatively evaluate the salivary gland functions in patients undergoing RT. It was done chronologically for 62 salivary glands of 31 patients before RT and retested 12 months later. Results: The salivary gland functions of most patients deteriorated post-RT and recovered when the radiation dose to the salivary gland was not high. The mean dose to the salivary gland was found to be the most reliable factor in deteriorating salivary gland function, and the tolerance dose was determined to be 46 Gy. The recovery rate of salivary gland function after 1 year of RT was 72% in the RT alone group (n = 10), 56% in the conformal radiotherapy group (n = 15), and 44% in the bioradiotherapy group (n = 6). Conclusion: Scintigraphy revealed that the salivary glands recovered from post-RT hypofunction when decreased doses were administered. The determined tolerance dose of 46 Gy may guide the approach to minimizing associated xerostomia in RT. Advances in knowledge: In this study, the average tolerated dose to the salivary glands was 46 Gy.

Synchronous pleomorphic adenoma in the infratemporal fossa and contralateral submandibular gland and endoscopic removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e237775
Author(s):  
Shahul Hameed Poondiyar Sirajuddin ◽  
Rayappa Chunnusamy
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Infratemporal Fossa ◽  
Endoscopic Removal ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Main Stem Bronchus ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
First Case

The objective of this article is to elucidate on our experience with the first case reported in the literature of a synchronous presentation of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) in infratemporal fossa as well as the contralateral submandibular gland. PA most commonly arises from the major salivary glands but has also been reported to arise from minor salivary glands in unusual sites such as the nasal septum, main stem bronchus, trachea, lacrimal gland, external auditory canal, etc. However, it seldom involves the infratemporal fossa and extremely few cases are reported in the literature and coexistent contralateral synchronous PA is nowhere reported in literature. The infratemporal fossa tumour posed a diagnostic dilemma and therapeutic challenge because of its concealed location which we dealt successfully with endoscopic sublabial trans maxillary approach.

scholarly journals Natriuretic peptide system expression in murine and human submandibular salivary glands: a study of the spatial localisation of ANB, BNP, CNP and their receptors

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Araz Ahmed ◽  
Alessandro Gulino ◽  
Simita Amayo ◽  
Walter Arancio ◽  
Ada Maria Florena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands ◽  
Peptide System ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Autocrine Signalling ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide System

Abstract The natriuretic peptide (NP) system comprises of three ligands, the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), Brain Natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type Natriuretic peptide (CNP), and three natriuretic peptide receptors, NPRA, NPRB and NPRC. Here we present a comprehensive study of the natriuretic peptide system in healthy murine and human submandibular salivary glands (SMGs). We show CNP is the dominant NP in mouse and human SMG and is expressed together with NP receptors in ducts, autonomic nerves and the microvasculature of the gland, suggesting CNP autocrine signalling may take place in some of these glandular structures. These data suggest the NP system may control salivary gland function during homeostasis through the regulation of electrolyte re-absorption, neural stimulation and/or blood vessel wall contraction/relaxation. We also show abnormal expression of NPRA in the stroma of a subset of human SMGs resected from patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of non-salivary gland origin. This finding warrants further research to investigate a possible correlation between early OSCC invasion and NPRA overexpression.

scholarly journals An unusual pleomorphic adenoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Christiano Sampaio QUEIROZ ◽  
Roberto Almeida de AZEVEDO ◽  
Antonio Irineu TRINDADE NETO ◽  
Caetano Guilherme Carvalho PONTES ◽  
Rafael de Queiroz MOURA
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Minor Salivary Gland ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Recommended Treatment

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm in major and minor salivary glands. It constitutes approximately 90% of all benign salivary gland lesions and the parotid is the most affected location. When the minor salivary glands are affected, it mostly occurs at the junction of the hard and soft palates. The diagnosis is complex because of the great histological variety and biological behavior of this tumor, a histopathological examination being essential. The recommended treatment is surgical excision. For lesions located superficially in the parotid gland, superficial parotidectomy - identifying and preserving the facial nerve - is necessary. Lesions in the palate or gums sometimes demand a margin of safety, being excised below the periosteum, including the overlying mucosa. With correct surgical removal, the prognosis is excellent. The aim of this study is to report a case of an unusual minor salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma in the hard palate, describing the most important aspects of this pathology.

scholarly journals Eight-Week Consumption of High-Sucrose Diet Has a Pro-Oxidant Effect and Alters the Function of the Salivary Glands of Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Jan Matczuk ◽  
Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska ◽  
Wiesława Niklińska ◽  
Katarzyna Fejfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
High Sucrose

A high-sucrose diet (HSD) is widely known for its cariogenic effects and promotion of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. However, the impact of the HSD diet on the salivary gland function as well as the level of salivary oxidative stress is still unknown and requires evaluation. Our study is the first to determine both redox balance and oxidative injury in the parotid and submandibular glands of rats fed the HSD diet compared to the control group. We have demonstrated that uric acid concentration and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase varied significantly in both the submandibular and parotid glands of HSD rats vs. the control group. However, enhanced oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA (increase in advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products, 4-hydroxynonenal, and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine) was observed only in the parotid glands of HSD rats. Moreover, the HSD diet also reduced the total protein content and amylase activity in both types of salivary glands and decreased the stimulated salivary flow rate. To sum up, an HSD diet reduces salivary gland function and disturbs the redox balance of the parotid as well as submandibular salivary glands. However, the parotid glands are more vulnerable to both antioxidant disturbances and oxidative damage.

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