scholarly journals Geographical variation and factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal in Ethiopia: A spatial and multilevel analysis

Author(s):  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
Zinash Teferu ◽  
Yohannes Tekalegn ◽  
Tadesse Awoke ◽  
Demisu Zenbaba ◽  
...  

Background: Unsafe disposal of childrens stool makes children susceptible to fecaloral diseases and children remain vulnerable till the stools of all children are disposed of safely. There is a paucity of data on spatial distribution and factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal in Ethiopia. Previous estimates, however, do not include information regarding individual and community level factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal. Hence, the current study aimed to explore the spatial distribution and to identify factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal in Ethiopia. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the recent 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. A total of 4145 children aged 0 to 23 months with their mother were included in this analysis. The Getis Ord spatial statistical tool was used to identify high and low hotspots areas of unsafe child stool disposal. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant spatial clusters. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal. Results: Unsafe child stool disposal was spatially clustered in Ethiopia (Morans Index 0.211, p value< 0.0001), and significant spatial SaTScan clusters of areas with a high rate of unsafe child stool disposal were detected. The most likely primary SaTScan cluster was detected in Tigray, Amhara, Afar (north), and Benishangul Gumuz (north) regions (LLR: 41.62, p<0.0001). Unsafe child stool disposal is more prevalent among households that had unimproved toilet facility (AOR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.17-2.02), and those with high community poorer level (AOR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.23-2.46). Higher prevalence of unsafe child stool disposal was also found in households with poor wealth quintiles. Children belong to agrarian regions (AOR: 0.62, 95%CI 0.42-0.91), children 6/11 months of age (AOR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.52-0.83), 12-17 months of age (AOR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.54-0.86), and 18/23 months of age (AOR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.45-0.74) had lower odds of unsafe child stool disposal. Conclusions: Unsafe child stool disposal was spatially clustered. Higher odds of unsafe child stool disposal were found in households with high community poverty level, poor, unimproved toilet facility, and with the youngest children. Hence, the health authorities could tailor effective child stool management programs to mitigate the inequalities identified in this study. It is also better to consider child stool management intervention in existing sanitation activities considering the identified factors.

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250814
Author(s):  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
Zinash Teferu ◽  
Yohannes Tekalegn ◽  
Tadesse Awoke ◽  
Demisu Zenbaba ◽  
...  

Background Unsafe disposal of children’s stool makes children susceptible to fecal-oral diseases and children remain vulnerable till the stools of all children are disposed of safely. There is a paucity of data on spatial distribution and factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal in Ethiopia. Previous estimates, however, do not include information regarding individual and community-level factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal. Hence, the current study aimed (i) to explore the spatial distribution and (ii) to identify factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal in Ethiopia. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using the recent 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. A total of 4145 children aged 0–23 months with their mother were included in this analysis. The Getis-Ord spatial statistical tool was used to identify high and low hotspots areas of unsafe child stool disposal. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant spatial clusters. A multilevel multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal. Results Unsafe child stool disposal was spatially clustered in Ethiopia (Moran’s Index = 0.211, p-value< 0.0001), and significant spatial SaTScan clusters of areas with a high rate of unsafe child stool disposal were detected. The most likely primary SaTScan cluster was detected in Tigray, Amhara, Afar (north), and Benishangul-Gumuz (north) regions (LLR: 41.62, p<0.0001). Unsafe child stool disposal is more prevalent among households that had unimproved toilet facility (AOR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.17–2.02) and those with high community poorer level (AOR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.23–2.46). Higher prevalence of unsafe child stool disposal was also found in households with poor wealth quintiles. Children belong to agrarian regions (AOR: 0.62, 95%CI 0.42–0.91), children 6–11 months of age (AOR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.52–0.83), 12–17 months of age (AOR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.54–0.86), and 18–23 months of age (AOR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.45–0.75) had lower odds of unsafe child stool disposal. Conclusions Unsafe child stool disposal was spatially clustered. Higher odds of unsafe child stool disposal were found in households with high community poverty level, poor, unimproved toilet facility, and with the youngest children. Hence, the health authorities could tailor effective child stool management programs to mitigate the inequalities identified in this study. It is also better to consider child stool management intervention in existing sanitation activities considering the identified factors.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242744
Author(s):  
Biruk Shalmeno Tusa ◽  
Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet ◽  
Sewnet Adem Kebede

Background Underweight is one form of indicators of under-nutrition, which results from the poor nutrient intake and underlying health problems. Its impact is beyond an individual and extends to a country level. It has been known from the literature that underweight has a negative effect on income and development of a country. In the context of Ethiopia, factors predicting underweight remain unknown and there is a paucity of evidence on geographical distribution of underweight among individuals aged 15–49 years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the geographic distribution of underweight and its associated factors among individuals aged 15–49 years in Ethiopia. Methods Secondary data analysis was done on a data set consisting of 28,450 individuals and obtained from the Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016. The spatial distribution of underweight across the country was identified by ArcGIS software. Hotspots analysis was done using Getis-Ord Gi* statistic within ArcGIS. In SaTScan software, the Bernoulli model was fitted by Kulldorff’s methods to identify the purely spatial clusters of underweight. A binary logistic regression was applied to determine factors associated with being underweight. Result In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of underweight was clustered with Global Moran’s I  =  0.79 at p-value < 0.0001. The highest underweight clusters were observed in Tigray, Gambella, eastern part of Amhara, and western and central part of Afar regions. Male individuals [AOR = 1.21; 95% CI: (1.15 1.28)], never married [AOR = 1.14; 95% CI: (1.05, 1.24)], rural residents [AOR = 1.32; 95% CI: (1.18, 1.47)], rich [AOR = 0.85; 95% CI: (0.76, 0.94)], cigarette smoking [AOR = 1.25; 95% CI: (1.07, 1.46)], drinking treated water [AOR = 0.91; 95% CI: (0.83, 0.99)] and open filed defecation [AOR = 1.17; 95% CI: (1.08, 1.26)] were found to have a significant association with being underweight. Conclusions There was a significant clustering of underweight among individuals aged 15–49 years. Gender, age, marital status, place of residence, wealth index, cigarette smoking, using untreated water and types of toilet were the significant factors of being underweight. Therefore, effective public health interventions like building safe and supportive environments for nutrition, providing socio-economic protection and nutrition-related education for poor and rural resident would be better to mitigate these situations and associated risk factors in hot spot areas. In addition, policymakers should strengthen and promote nutrition sensitive policies and activities in order to alleviate the underlying and basic causes of underweight.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemenu Tessema Tadesse

Abstract Background Besides, the presence of national law, the country has to set up its own mid-term and long term goals to bring about a significant reduction in child marriages in Ethiopia. To achieve this, determining the spatial pattern of early marriage and factors associated is important for government, other concerned bodies, program implementers and policy developers to end up early childhood marriage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the spatial patterns and associated factors of Early marriage among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods This study analyzed retrospectively a cross-sectional data on a weighted sample of 11,646 women aged 15-49 years after requesting from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 via the link www.measuredhs.com . ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distribution for Early marriage. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for Early marriage in Ethiopia multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with early marriage. Finally, variables with a p-value<0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results In this analysis, about 62.8% (95%CI: 61.9, 63.74%) of the study participants were married before they reached 18 years. The overall median age at first marriage was 17.1 with IQR 5 years. The high clustering of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella Regions. In spatial Scan statistics 87 clusters (RR = 1.28, P-value < 0.001) significant primary clusters were identified. The associated factors of early marriage were lesser among women’s attending primary (AOR=0.60; 95%CI: 0.51, 0.71), secondary (AOR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.26) and tertiary education (AOR=0.11; 95%CI: 0.07, 0.18). Similarly, women found in Addis Ababa were at a lesser risk of early marriage compared to other regions of the country. Conclusion Marriage below age 18 was high in Ethiopia. High-risk area of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella and special attention should be given for identified risk areas. Therefore, providing educational opportunities to young girls was important in addition to inhibiting the marriage of girls under 18 years.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 593-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Rojas-Rivas ◽  
Facundo Cuffia

The aims of this work were to (i) identify the consumers’ profile of pulque through their consumption frequency and their sensory perception of this beverage and (ii) identify the factors that contribute to the valorization of pulque among Mexican consumers. A survey was designed and conducted with 221 consumers in pulque-selling locations (pulquerías) in a place of Central Mexico. Consumers were characterized according to their consumption frequency. Factors associated with the valorization of pulque were identified through Binary Logistic Regression model. Two types of consumers were identified: Frequent Consumers and Not Frequent Consumers. Both groups were comprised mostly of men, including students with medium to high levels of education. However, the first group showed more traditional and conservative behavior patterns since there was a higher proportion of consumers with a low educational level ( p < 0.05) and they had more years of consumption, spend more time in the selling locations, and preferred “natural pulque.” The second group of consumers was comprised mostly ( p < 0.05) of women, including students with a high educational level who prefer “cured pulque.” In this sense, our results showed that gender and time spent in the pulquerías together with sensory, cultural, and functional characteristics associated with the beverage influence its valorization among consumers. These results can help both producers and marketers to classify segments of consumers according to their preferences and consumption patterns in order to revalorize the pulque market. Finally, it is necessary to highlight that young consumers with high educational level show interest in this beverage, since for years its consumption has been associated with low-income populations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale ◽  
Adugnaw Zeleke Alem ◽  
Yigizie Yeshaw ◽  
Sewnet Adem Kebede ◽  
Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Skilled birth attendant (SBA) delivery is vital for the health of mothers and newborns, as most maternal and newborn deaths occur at the time of childbirth or immediately after birth. This problem becomes worsen in Ethiopia in which only 28% of women give birth with the help of SBA. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial variations of SBA delivery and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods A secondary analysis was carried out using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total weighted sample of 11,023 women who had a live birth in the 5 years preceding the survey was included in the analysis. Arc-GIS software was used to explore the spatial distribution of SBA and a Bernoulli model was fitted using SaTScan software to identify significant clusters of non-SBA delivery. The Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR) was employed in modeling spatial relationships. Moreover, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with SBA delivery. Results In this study, SBA delivery had spatial variations across the country. The SaTScan spatial analysis identified the primary clusters’ spatial window in southeastern Oromia and almost the entire Somalia. The GWR analysis identified different predictors of non- SBA delivery across regions of Ethiopia. In the multilevel analysis, mothers having primary and above educational status, health insurance coverage, and mothers from households with higher wealth status had higher odds of SBA delivery. Being multi and grand multiparous, perception of distance from the health facility as big problem, rural residence, women residing in communities with medium and higher poverty level, and women residing in communities with higher childcare burden had lower odds of SBA delivery. Conclusion Skilled birth attendant delivery had spatial variations across the country. Areas with non-skilled birth attendant delivery and mothers who had no formal education, not health insured, mothers from poor households and communities, Primiparous women, mothers from remote areas, and mothers from communities with higher childcare burden could get special attention in terms of allocation of resources including skilled human power, and improved access to health facilities.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Sahara Harahap

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><strong><em><br /> Many diseases that afflict workers with regard to employment and working conditions are not safe, One is noise. Noise is sound or noise that is not desired, and therefore the noise will cause disruption for anyone who works on the noisy work environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with blood pressure in workers in diesel / G Payo Selincah Jambi city in 2016. This type of research was an observational with cross sectional approach. Samples are all workers in the diesel / G Payo Selincah Jambi city is 48 people. How sampling mengguankan total sampling method. The collection of data by taking the primary data and secondary data. Analyzed using univariate and bivariate results showed no significant correlation between the intensity of noise with a p-value = 0.000 (p &lt;0.05), duration of exposure denagn pressure and blood pressure with a p-value = 0.020 (p &lt; 0.05), tenure and blood pressure with a p-value = 0.000 (p &lt;0.05). The study concluded that the variable intensity of noise, long exposure and a working relationship with blood pressure.</em></strong></p><p><strong><em><br /> <br /> Keywords: noise intensity, length of exposure, length of employment and blood pressure</em></strong></p><h1> </h1><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Banyak </em></strong><strong><em>penyakit yang menimpa pekerja berkaitan dengan pekerjaan dan kondisi tempat kerja yang tidak aman, Salah satunya adalah kebisingan. Kebisingan adalah suara atau bunyi yang tidak dikehendaki, maka dari itu kebisingan akan menyebabkan gangguan bagi siapa saja yang bekerja pada lingkungan kerja yang bising tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tekanan darah pada pekerja di PLTD/G Payo Selincah kota Jambi tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian ini yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional.  Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah semua pekerja di PLTD/G Payo Selincah kota Jambi yaitu 48 orang. Cara pengambilan sampel dengan mengguankan metode total sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan cara mengambil data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara intensitas kebisingan dengan nilai p-value = 0,000 (p &lt; 0,05), lama pajanan denagn tekanan dan tekanan darah dengan nilai p-value = 0,020 (p&lt;0,05), masa kerja dan tekanan darah dengan nilai p-value = 0,000 (p &lt; 0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa variabel intensitas kebisingan, lama pajanan dan masa kerja memiliki hubungan dengan tekanan darah.</em></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci : intensitas kebisingan, lama pajanan, masa kerja dan tekanan darah</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Amelia Amelia ◽  
Fitra Mulyani ◽  
Ulya Nabilla

Poverty is an inability to meet basic needs measured by expenditure, including rice consumption. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), as much as 95% of Indonesia's population consumes rice as the main food, with an average rice consumption of 102 kg/person/ year (BPS, 2013). Furthermore, BPS stated that almost 1/4 of them or around 25.95 million people were included in the category of the poor population as of March 2018. So the government made a policy to tackle the problem through the program of giving poor family rice (Raskin), namely subsidized rice assistance to households poor. However, in the implementation of the Raskin program, there was a deviation of around 40% of Indonesia's population with a middle-upper social-economic status receiving Raskin and 12.5% ​​of the population with a socio-economic status upon receiving Raskin. Therefore this study aims to analyze the significant factors that affect the status of rice in poor families using binary logistic regression analysis. The location of the study was conducted in the District of West Langsa because the district was one of the districts receiving the most Raskin in the City of Langsa. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The results of the analysis show that the factors that influence Raskin's acceptance status are the level of education, type of floor, type of fuel, expenditure for food, and frequency of purchasing new clothes. The binary logistic regression model obtained is


2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josimare Aparecida Otoni Spira ◽  
Eline Lima Borges ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida Barbosa Silva ◽  
Mery Natali Silva Abreu ◽  
Antônio Carlos Martins Guedes ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify factors associated with complex surgical wounds in the breasts and abdomen in outpatients. Method: observational case-control study involving 327 patients, distributed into 160 cases (complex surgical wound) and 167 controls (simple surgical wound). Data were extracted from the medical records and a binary logistic regression model was used for analysis, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: the factors associated with greater chance of occurrence of complex surgical wound were 18 to 59 years of age (p = 0.003), schooling < 8 years (p = 0.049), radiotherapy (p < 0.001), hysterectomy (p = 0.003), glycemia (≤ 99 mg/dL) and arterial hypertension (p = 0.033), while quadrantectomy (p = 0.025) served as a protective factor. Conclusion: radiotherapy was the most significant factor for surgical wound complications. Glycemic alteration was an unexpected result and shows the need for further studies related to this topic.


Author(s):  
Youkyung Kim ◽  
Sangeun Lee ◽  
Jeeyeon Lim ◽  
Soyeon Park ◽  
Sojeong Seong ◽  
...  

This study aimed to explore factors associated with poor quality of sleep in construction workers. This study was cross-sectional, correlational in design and used secondary data from fatigue instrument development study. We analyzed the data from 206 participants aged over 19 years who worked at construction sites for more than 6 months. We used multivariate binary logistic regression to identify the factors associated with poor quality of sleep. We classified the two sleep quality groups based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, and almost 63% of them were classified as the poor quality of sleep group. Based on multivariate binary logistic regression (Cox and Snell R2 = 0.317, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.429), the poor quality of sleep group tended to sleep for a shorter duration before the working day, and not only showed lower sleep latency and higher levels of daytime dysfunction and discomfort in daily life, but also had more chronic disease, depressive symptoms, and higher physical fatigue. Our study findings support that there are many modifiable factors associated with poor sleep and a high rate of poor quality of sleep occurred in construction workers. Thus, clinicians should consider providing diverse options for applying interventions to ensure better sleep, fatigue management, and depression prevention in construction workers after considering their unique characteristics.


Author(s):  
M. U. Dada ◽  
P. T. Adegun ◽  
A. A. Idowu ◽  
A. E. Omonisi ◽  
L. O. Oluwole ◽  
...  

Aims: This study aimed at determining the prevalence and significant factors associated with psychiatric morbidity in men with LUTS secondary to prostatic diseases in a tertiary health centre in a developing country. Study design: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. Place and duration: The urology unit of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study period was from 1stJanuary2018 to 31stDecember2019. Methodology:  Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess for   psychiatric morbidity among 224 patients with LUTS. While,  International prostate symptom score (IPSS) was used to assess the severity of LUTS.  The data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Results:  The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 17% and 9.8% respectively. The mean IPSS and PSA scores of the respondents were 19.95±8.06 and 31.48±37.03 respectively. The only factors found to be significantly associated with depression were use of alcohol by the respondents (T-test = .058, P = .01, CI = -2.885 ˗˗ -0.391) and high scores on IPSS (T-test = .765, P value = .003, CI = 1.436 ˗˗ 6.995).  While the factors found to be associated with anxiety disorders were alcohol use by the respondents (T-test =2.661, P = .033, CI = -2.519 ˗˗  -0.103) and high PSA  scores (T-test =9.473, P value = .036, CI = -28.942 ˗˗ -1.068). Conclusion: This study shows that there is a high rate of psychiatric morbidity among patients with LUTS. Main factors associated with these morbidities were alcohol use, severity of the LUTS and high PSA scores. Assessment of psychiatric morbidity in patients with LUTS using simple psychological instruments will help in early detection and prompt treatment of psychological morbidities. 


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document