The physiology and genetics behind fruiting efficiency, a promising spike trait to improve wheat yield potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
María P Alonso ◽  
Leonardo S Vanzetti ◽  
Ana C Pontaroli ◽  
Fernanda G González
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Elite Germplasm

Abstract The fruiting efficiency (FE, grains per g of spike dry weight at anthesis) was proposed as a promising spike trait to improve wheat yield potential, based on its functional relationship with grain number determination (the most important component associated with yield potential) and the evidence of trait variability in elite germplasm. During the last years, we have witnessed great advances in the understanding of the physiological and genetic bases of this trait. The present review summarises the recent heritability estimations and the genetic gains obtained when the fruiting efficiency was measured at maturity (FEm, grains per g of chaff) and used as selection criterion. In addition, by revising a detailed physiological approach based on the fertile floret efficiency (FFE, fertile florets per g of spike dry weight at anthesis) and grain set (grains per fertile floret), together with other spike fertility related traits, spike ideotypes for contrasting fruiting efficiencies are proposed. The novel genes and QTL available for using marker-assisted selection for fruiting efficiency and other spike fertility traits are also reviewed. The possible trade-off between FE and grain weight (GW) and the genes reported to alter this relation are revised. Finally, the benefits and future steps towards the use of fruiting efficiency as a selection criterion in breeding programs is discussed.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility and related traits in two doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background In breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with higher grains per spike (GN) and occasionally increased grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two doubled haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 × BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 × BioINTA 2002). Results In total 305 QTL were identified for 14 traits, out of which 12 QTL were identified in more than three environments and explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Eight hotspot regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B in which at least two major and stable QTL sheared confidence intervals. QTL on two of these regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) have previously been described, but the other six regions are novel. Conclusions Based on the pleiotropic analysis within a robust physiological model we conclude that two hotspot genomic regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) together with the QGW.perg-6B are of high relevance to be used in marker assisted selection in order to improve the spike yield potential. All the QTL identified for the spike related traits are the first step to search for their candidate genes, which will allow their better manipulation in the future.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility related traits in two double haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Double Haploid ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Major Qtl ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with a higher grain number per spike (GN) and occasionally higher grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). This task could be facilitated with the use of molecular markers such us single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two double haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 x BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 x BioINTA 2002, BP11xB2002 and B19xB2002). Both populations were genotyped with the iSelect 90K SNP array and evaluated in four (BP11xB19) or five (B19xB2002) environments. We identify a total of 305 QTL for 14 traits, however 28 QTL for 12 traits were considered significant with an R2 > 10% and stable for being present at least in three environments. There were detected eight hotspot regions on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B were at least two major QTL sheared confident intervals. QTL on two of these regions have previously been described, but the other six regions were never observed, suggesting that these regions would be novel. The R5A1 (QSL.perg-5A, QCN.perg-5A,QGN.perg-5A) and R5A.2 (QFFTS.perg-5A, QGW.perg-5A) regions together with the QGW.perg-6B resulted in a final higher yield suggesting them to have high relevance as candidates to be used in MAS to improve yield.Author contribution statementKey message28 stable and major QTL for 12 traits associated to spike fertility, GN and GW were detected. Two regions on 5A Ch., and QGW.perg-6B showed direct pleiotropic effects on yield.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE NITROGEN FIXING CAPABILITIES OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS LINES, DEVELOPED FOR THE CARIBBEAN BASIN

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 498b-498
Author(s):  
Paige Hanning ◽  
Dyremple B. Marsh ◽  
Mohsen Dkhili
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Chemically fixed nitrogen is a costly import for Caribbean Basin Countries. Increased cost of fertilizer only serves to reduce crop yields in these areas. This greenhouse research was undertaken to evaluate the N2 fixing capabilities and yield potential of several Phaseolus vulgaris lines developed for use in Caribbean Basin countries. Ten common bean lines from breeding programs at the Universities of Puerto Rico and Wisconsin and two efficient Rhizobium phaseoli strains were used for the study. Plants treated with Rhizobium UMR 1899 and UMR 1632 had significantly higher stem and leaf dry weight than the control plants. Bean lines WBR 22-34, WBR 22-50, WBR 22-55, PR9056-98B and the cultivar Coxstone showed increased dry matter accumulation over that of the control plants. Plants treated with the Rhizobium strain UMR 1899 had the highest stem and leaf dry matter accumulation. Nodulation was significantly higher when plants were treated with UMR 1632. The lines WBR 22-34 and PR 9056-98B produced more nodules than the other lines used. Pod yield as measured by number of immature pods was highest for PR 9056-98B when inoculated with Rhizobium UMR 1899.

scholarly journals Optimizing Early Flowering and Pre-selection for Short Juvenile Period in Olive Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Moreno-Alías ◽  
Hava F. Rapoport ◽  
Rafael López ◽  
Lorenzo León ◽  
Raúl de la Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Selection For

In recent years, the juvenile period of olive seedlings has been reduced by diverse forcing and pruning-formation techniques, but it is still a major drawback for breeding. Plant height at the time when seedlings are transplanted to the field has been found effective for obtaining earlier flowering, but the value of this parameter varies widely among olive breeding programs. We evaluated different transplant dates, taking into account mean plant height and age, with the aim of determining the optimum parameters for achieving early flowering and easy plant management and, at the same time, for the early elimination of genotypes with a long juvenile period. A mean seedling height of ≈100 cm at the time of planting in the field provided the best results in terms of shortening the juvenile period and facilitating handling of the seedlings. For all dates tested, seedling height at transplanting was effective as a pre-selection criterion for the early elimination of genotypes with long juvenile periods, with slight improvement in effectiveness with advancing transplant date.

Early stage selection for commercial cane sugar (CCS) in sugarcane clones: effects of time of sampling and irrigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Jackson ◽  
Terry E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
Selection For

Commercially recoverable sugar content in sugarcane (CCS, expressed as a percentage) is a key selection criterion in sugarcane breeding programs. In some sugarcane breeding programs there may be significant operational advantages in measuring CCS early in the crop growth cycle, well before commercial harvesting would normally commence, and in restricting growth by withholding irrigation to reduce cane yield and lodging. Two field experiments were conducted to investigate these effects. The experiments included clones representative of genotypes routinely assessed in the earliest stages of clonal selection in breeding programs. Differences among genotypes for CCS were expressed early when cane had very low CCS (in February or March), and then rates of increase in CCS following that time were similar in most genotypes. Therefore, time of sampling had little effect on ranking of genotypes for CCS, and selection for high CCS could be effective early in the year. Irrigation regime also had little effect on ranking of the clones for CCS, indicating that mild water stress could be imposed with no adverse effect on selection results. The results are discussed in relation to optimising selection procedures and systems in early stage selection trials in sugarcane breeding programs, and better understanding the physiological basis of genetic variation in CCS.

scholarly journals Small “Nested” Introgressions from Wild Thinopyrum Species, Conferring Effective Resistance to Fusarium Diseases, Positively Impact Durum Wheat Yield Potential

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kuzmanović ◽  
Gloria Giovenali ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri ◽  
Francesco Rossini ◽  
Carla Ceoloni
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Chromosome Engineering ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Wheat Cultivation

Today wheat cultivation is facing rapidly changing climate scenarios and yield instability, aggravated by the spreading of severe diseases such as Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR). To obtain productive genotypes resilient to stress pressure, smart breeding approaches must be envisaged, including the exploitation of wild relatives. Here we report on the assessment of the breeding potential of six durum wheat-Thinopyrum spp. recombinant lines (RLs) obtained through chromosome engineering. They are characterized by having 23% or 28% of their 7AL chromosome arm replaced by a “nested” alien segment, composed of homoeologous group 7 chromosome fractions from Th. ponticum and Th. elongatum (=7el1L + 7EL) or from different Th. ponticum accessions (=7el1L + 7el2L). In addition to the 7el1L genes Lr19 + Yp (leaf rust resistance, and yellow pigment content, respectively), these recombinant lines (RLs) possess a highly effective QTL for resistance to FHB and FCR within their 7el2L or 7EL portion. The RLs, their null segregants and well-adapted and productive durum wheat cultivars were evaluated for 16 yield-related traits over two seasons under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The absence of yield penalties and excellent genetic stability of RLs was revealed in the presence of all the alien segment combinations. Both 7el2L and 7EL stacked introgressions had positive impacts on source and sink yield traits, as well as on the overall performance of RLs in conditions of reduced water availability. The four “nested” RLs tested in 2020 were among the top five yielders, overall representing good candidates to be employed in breeding programs to enhance crop security and safety.

scholarly journals REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS SELECTION IN NELORE BEEF CATTLE

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heverton Luis Moreira ◽  
Marcos Eli Buzanskas ◽  
Danisio Prado Munari ◽  
Érika Breda Canova ◽  
Raysildo Barbosa Lôbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Nelore Cattle

Genetic breeding programs of beef cattle in Brazil are including new features, mainly related to reproductive efficiency.Thus, it is necessary to study the effectiveness of selection and quantify genetic gain for these traits in herds. This study estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters and genetic trends for reproductive traits used in breeding programs for Nelore beef cattle. The traits studied were the scrotal circumference (SC) at 365 and 450 days of age (SC365 and SC450), age at first calving (AFC) and gestation length, as a cow trait (GLcow) and a calf trait (GLcalf). The (co)variance components were obtained with the Restricted Maximum Likelihood Methodology in a single and double-trait analysis of the animal model. For scrotal circumference (SC365 and SC450), positive and favorable genetic gains were observed. For AFC, GLcow and GLcalf, the trends were favorable for selection, but without significant genetic gain. Selection for large SC may reduce AFC and improve female reproductive efficiency. The selection for reproductive traits (SC365, SC450, AFC and GL) may improve reproductive and productive efficiency of Nelore cattle, if used as a selection criterion.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Durum Wheat Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Sabella ◽  
Alessio Aprile ◽  
Carmine Negro ◽  
Francesca Nicolì ◽  
Eliana Nutricati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Plant Life Cycle

Climate change will inevitably affect agriculture. Simulations of the effects of climate change on the agronomic performance (plant height, biomass dry weight, number of spikes, grain weight, harvest index, and 1000-kernel weight) of nine durum wheat cultivars were performed to identify the genotypes that will have a greater yield potential over the next 50 years. Plants were grown in two Fitotron® CGR crop growth chambers: “room 2020” designed to reproduce the current climatic conditions (control) and “room 2070”, designed to simulate the expected climate for the year 2070 in the RCP8.5 scenario (800 ppm, elevated [CO2], and a temperature increase of 2.5 °C). The plant life cycle was clearly shorter in “room 2070” due to the physiological strategy of the plant to escape the high summer temperatures through early ripening of the kernels. Again, in “room 2070”, the modern cultivars Rusticano, San Carlo, and Simeto and the old cultivar Cappelli increased the grain yield. Surprisingly, Cappelli seemed to be particularly suitable for cultivation in an environment rich in atmospheric CO2 and under high temperature stress, since it produced a grain yield that was approximately three times higher than the other varieties.

scholarly journals The Thermal Time Concept as a Selection Criterion for Earliness in Peanut1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Vasudeva Rao ◽  
S. N. Nigam ◽  
A. K. S. Huda
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Determination Methods ◽  
Stress Environment ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Time Accumulation

Abstract Breeding early-maturing cultivars is an important objective of many peanut breeding programs in the world. Most programs use subjective maturity determination methods in selection for earliness. This paper describes a procedure developed at ICRISAT to select early-maturing, high-yielding peanut cultivars based on thermal time accumulation by the crop. In this procedure, cultivars were harvested when the crop was exposed to a predetermined cumulative thermal time (CTT), and selections were made for high yield with acceptable levels of maturity-related traits in a no-stress environment. The predetermined CTT values used in selection for early-maturity represented a 20-day shorter crop duration than for the medium-maturing lines. Based on a 13-year meteorological record, the two predetermined CTTs, (1240 and 1470 °Cd (degree-days) equate to 75- and 90-day durations, respectively, at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, India in the rainy season (mid June to mid October). It is expected that this procedure could prove useful in peanut breeding to select for earliness.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SEED SIZE, PROTEIN CONTENT AND CULTIVAR ON EARLY SEEDLING VIGOR EM WHEAT

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. EVANS ◽  
G. M. BHATT
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Early Seedling

Four greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the influence of seed size, protein content and cultivar on seedling vigor of wheat measured as seedling dry weight at 20 days. The simple and partial correlation coefficients among the variables were all positive and significant. No significant interaction occurred between seed size and genotype. The genotypic differences in seedling vigor may lead to its use as a selection criterion in wheat breeding programs.

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