Patterns of resistance to antibiotics of Enterococcus faecalis in clinical isolates of diabetic foot and presence of culture resistant to linezolid

AbstractIntroductionHigh levels of hyperglycemia lead to diabetes, the same levels that if not controlled increase the risk of diabetic neuropathy, which over time translates into loss of sensation and lesions that progress and lead to diabetic foot may occur, microorganisms Mainly Gram positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli, as well as yeasts are those that are mainly found in this metabolic and infectious pathology.MethodsDiabetic foot wounds were studied in patients aged 45-54 years, with a mean age of 50 years, who had different periods of time with a hyperglycemia problem and different complications associated with diabetic foot, and were not considered as exclusion criteria. With a total of 41 cultures, 25 belong to male patients and 16 to female patients. All of these in the Toluca Valley, Mexico. The primary swab was reseeded in chromogenic agar, BHI, Salt and mannitol, calf blood, EMB and MacConkey, after 6 hours after taking the sample. In addition to microbial reseeding, a Gram stain was performed on each of the samples. The Petri dishes were placed in an incubation oven for 18 hours at 35 ° C with ± 2 ° C. Bacterial identification was performed on automated equipment from Beckman Coulter, as well as antibiotic sensitivity tests.Results35 positive cultures were obtained, of which they had a single microbial agent and some cases with two agents, which could be bacteria-bacteria or bacteria-yeast. With 14 positive strains for Enterococcus faecalis, with 100% sensitivity for cell wall inhibitors, and high resistance to tetracycline with 85.71% and 92.86% resistance to the macrolide erythromycin. In addition, there is a strain that was resistant to linezolid, and variable resistance patterns in fluoroquinolones and other antibiotics.

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Resistance to different antibiotics in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis obtained from urine cultures of patients with urinary tract infection

10.1101/2020.09.20.305623 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Islas Rodríguez ◽

José Carlos Valencia Esquivel ◽

Silvia Patricia Rodríguez Peña ◽

Elisangela Oliveira de Freitas ◽

Jorge Angel Almeida Villegas

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Toluca Valley ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Bacitracin A

AbstractObjectiveTo identify patterns of resistance against various antibiotics in Enterococcus faecalis in urinary tract infections in a population of the Toluca valley, MexicoMethods155 samples were collected from patients with suspected urinary tract infection without exclusion criteria such as age or gender. Automated equipment was used for the identification of the etiological agent and sensitivity tests.Results80 positive cultures were obtained, of which 20 strains belong to Enterococcus faecalis, which show 100% sensitivity for penicillins, linezolid, vancomycin, bacitracin, a high pattern of sensitivity for quinolones, and a high pattern of resistance to rifampicin, erythromycin and 100% resistance in tetracyclineConclusionIt shows 100% sensitivity to penicillins, vancomycin and linezolid, first-line treatments and for cases of infection complicated by Enterococci. And 100% resistance for tetracycline and high resistance patterns for erythromycin and rifampin.

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Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Guangzhou, Southern China: Focus on the Differences among Different Wagner’s Grades, IDSA/IWGDF Grades, and Ulcer Types

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2017/8694903 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Xiaoying Xie ◽

Yunwen Bao ◽

Lijia Ni ◽

Dan Liu ◽

Shaona Niu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Southern China ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Ischemic Ulcer ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Resistance Rates

Objective. To understand the bacterial profile and antibiotic resistance patterns in diabetic foot infection (DFI) in different Wagner’s grades, IDSA/IWGDF grades, and different ulcer types in Guangzhou, in order to provide more detailed suggestion to the clinician about the empirical antibiotic choice. Methods. 207 bacteria were collected from 117 DFIs in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from Jan.1, 2010, to Dec.31, 2015. The clinical data and microbial information were analyzed. Results. The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) was higher than Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) (54.1% versus 45.9%), in which Enterobacteriaceae (73.2%) and Staphylococcus (65.2%) were predominant, respectively. With an increasing of Wagner’s grades and IDSA/IWGDF grades, the proportion of GNB bacterial infection, especially Pseudomonas, was increased. Neuro-ischemic ulcer (N-IFU) was more susceptible to GNB infection. Furthermore, with the aggravation of the wound and infection, the antibiotic resistance rates were obviously increased. GPB isolated in ischemic foot ulcer (IFU) showed more resistance than the N-IFU, while GNB isolates were on the opposite. Conclusions. Different bacterial profiles and antibiotic sensitivity were found in different DFU grades and types. Clinician should try to stay updated in antibiotic resistance pattern of common pathogens in their area. This paper provided them the detailed information in this region.

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Antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogenic Gram negative bacteria isolated from UTI patients in Sirajganj district

Stamford Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22746 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

Fouzia Ferdows Khan Chowdhury ◽

Sunjukta Ahsan ◽

Md Shahidul Kabir

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Predominant Pathogen ◽

Male Patients ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of illness in people of all age groups. The increasing trend of antibiotic resistance is now a concern worldwide. The present study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram negative pathogenic isolated from UTI cases in Sirajganj district. A total of 297 uropathogens were included in this study of which 66 (22.2%) were isolated from male patients and 231 (77.8%) from female patients. Escherichia coli (52.9%) was found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.9%), Proteus spp. (4.7%), Psudomonas spp. (4.4%), Enterobacter spp. (2.4%), Citrobacter spp. (3%) and Morganella spp. (5.7%). Most of the uropathogens were resistant against Ampicillin (AMP). Meropenem was the most effective antibiotic with resistance between 0 and 15.1% of the tested isolates. However, the trend of antibiotic resistance can vary with the change in the environmental and socioeconomic conditions. Accurate diagnosis of UTI and determination of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is important for selection of appropriate drug for effective treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22746 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.3(1) 2013: 17-20

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Distribution of the initial site of infection in diabetic foot and associated initiating etiologies

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20214364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 3320

Author(s):

Joe Mathew ◽

Rajeev S.

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

The Other ◽

Common Condition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Site Specific ◽

Loss Of Life ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Male Patients ◽

Nail Infection

Background: Diabetic foot is a very common condition responsible for a major bulk of surgical admissions and out-patient visits. Lack of awareness of many factors influencing the incidence of this disease complex has led to loss of life, limb and quality of life. The site-specific incidence of initial site and initiating factor has not been studied in diabetic foot.Methods: A study has been done over a period of one and a half years which looked into the distribution of initial site of infection in diabetic foot and associated initiating etiologies. The study was cross sectional. History, general inspection of foot, dermatological, neuropathic and vascular assessments were done, in addition to making careful notes about the site and cause of infection.Results:60.7% of patients were >60 years old, 55.3% were male patients. 63.3% of patients had diabetes for more than 10 years. In 29.3% the initial site of infection was the big toe, 22% in the ball of foot, 18% in the other 4 toes together, 14.7% in the interdigital spaces, 10.7% in the heel and 5.3% in the mid foot. In most of the cases the etiology is multifactorial, trauma in 56%, musculoskeletal deformities in 47.3%, callosities in 41.3%, cracks and fissures in 16.7%, fungal infection in 7.3%, nail infection in 6%, no initiating introduction of infection identified in 10.7%.Conclusions: Awareness of and thus particular stress being place on identification of specific site and cause of infection should help in care of the foot in diabetics.

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Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns in Pediatric Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

Pediatric Dermatology ◽

10.1111/pde.12195 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 305-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Inbal Braunstein ◽

Karolyn A. Wanat ◽

Katrina Abuabara ◽

Karin L. McGowan ◽

Albert C. Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽

Resistance Patterns

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DIABETIC FOOT INFECTIONS;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.01.2718 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

pp. 153-161

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD SAEED AKHTAR ◽

MAQSOOD AHMAD ◽

MUHAMMAD BADAR BASHIR ◽

Muhammad Irfan ◽

Zahid Yasin Hashmie

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Surgical Department ◽

Diabetic Foot Infections ◽

Group A ◽

Hospital Stays ◽

Male Patients ◽

Group B

Objective: (1) To evaluate the effects of G-CSF in eliminating infection in diabetic foot wound (2) Tocompare the effects with conventional diabetic foot management. Design: Prospective, open, randomized comparativestudy. Setting: Medical&Surgical Department of Allied, DHQ Hospital & Nawaz Medicare Faisalabad. Period: FromJan 2000 to Nov 2000 Patients & Methods: Fifty diabetic patients with foot infections were included in this study. Themean age was 52 years ranging from 27 to 60 years. They were divided into two equal groups(Group A and Group B).Results: The male patients were 41(82%) and female 9(18%). Forty six percent of patients were on oral hypoglycaemicdrugs, and 54% on insulin. The trauma preceding infection was 20%, Peripheral neuropathy 94% and peripheralvascular disease 34%. Thirty two percent of patients were smoker. Group A were subjected to G-CSF ( Neupogen )therapy (n=25) subcutanously daily for 5days in addition to conventional measures. Whereas patients in Group Breceived only conventional therapy. Both groups received similar antibiotic and insulin treatment. G-CSF therapy wasassociated with earlier eradication of pathogens from the infected ulcer (median 5 [range 2-11] vs11 [6-31] days in thegroup B; (p=<O.000I), quicker resolution of cellulitis (6 vs l4 days; p<O.0001), shorter hospital stay (8 vsl6 days;p<O.000l), and a shorter duration of intravenous antibiotic treatment (7 vs l4 days ;p—0.0001).No G-CSF treatedpatient needed surgery, whereas three patients in group B underwent toe amputation and six had extensivedebridement under anaesthesia (p=0.00 1). G-CSF therapy was generally well tolerated. Conclusion: Granulocytecolony stimulating factor (G-CSF) may be used as a good adjuvant therapy along with conventional measures for themanagement of diabetic foot infection, as it promotes the healing of diabetic foot ulcer/cellulitis and consequentlyprevents many hazardous complications like amputation of limbs, long hospital stays, extensive and prolonged antibioticuse and last but not the least the total misery of the patients.

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Evaluation of the results of posterior decompression, posterolateral fusion and stabilization by pedicle screw and rod in traumatic thoracolumbar fractures

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v37i3.9121 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 97-101

Author(s):

MA Islam ◽

N Sakeb ◽

A Islam ◽

SK Sarker ◽

SK Mondol

Keyword(s):

Pedicle Screw ◽

Compression Fracture ◽

Posterolateral Fusion ◽

Thoracolumbar Fractures ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Posterior Decompression ◽

Private Hospitals ◽

Male Patients ◽

Medical University ◽

Age Range

This study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological success of posterior decompression, posterolateral fusion and stabilization by pedicle screw and rod in the management of traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. It is a prospective interventional study which is carried out in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and different private hospitals in Dhaka city from January 2008 to December 2010. Total 16 patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 10 male patients and 06 female within a age range of 21-40 years. Mean age was 33.32 years. Total 08 cases involved L1, 03 cases involved at D12, 02 cases involved at D11 and at L2 each whereas 01 case at L3. Total 10 cases were of compression fracture and remainder 06 burst fractures. Ten (10) patients presented with paraparesis, 05 patients with incomplete paraplegia and 01 patient with complete paraplegia. All the patients were followed up for minimum 1 year. Patients with paraparesis fully recovered neurologically and could walk without support. All the 05 patients with incomplete paraplegia also recovered fully except 01 which gained partial improvement and walks with aids. One patient with complete paraplegia remained unchanged. Our results show that posterior decompression posterolateral fusion and stabilization by pedicle screw and rod provides a safe and effective surgical option for management of traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i3.9121 BMRCB 2011; 37(3): 97-101

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Empirical Antibiotic Treatment in Diabetic Foot Infection: A Study Focusing on the Culture and Antibiotic Sensitivity in a Population From Southern China

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds ◽

10.1177/1534734617725410 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 173-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wen-xia Wu ◽

Dan Liu ◽

Yi-wen Wang ◽

Chuan Wang ◽

Chuan Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Southern China ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Third Generation ◽

Diabetic Ulcer ◽

Significant Difference

Diabetic foot and subsequent diabetic ulcer infections are the most devastating complication of diabetes. This study was conducted to explore the bacterial spectrum, sensitivity of microbials, and analysis of the empirical antibiotic regimens in our health center. The study included patients with diabetic foot ulcer infection (DFI) seen from 2009 to 2014. The patients included had all information covering the physical examination, laboratory tests, and image examinations. We sent appropriately obtained specimens for culture prior to starting empirical antibiotic therapy in all participants. A total of 312 patients were included: 52, 112, 95 and 53 patients within uninfected, mild, moderate, and severe infection groups. The total percentages of Gram-positive cocci (GPCs) and Gram-negative rods (GNRs) were 54% and 48.8% ( P = 0.63). The most common GPC was Staphylococcus aureus (22.4%) and GNR was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.9%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 21 patients (6.7%). Even in the mild infection group, there was no significant difference between GPC and GNR infection, irrespective of recent antibiotic use ( P = 0.053). The most frequently used empirical antibiotics in our center were second-/third-generation cephalosporin ± clindamycin, both in the mild and moderate/severe infection groups. In our center, the amoxicillin/clavulanate or ampicillin/sulbactam (β-L-ase 1) and second-/third-generation cephalosporins were highly resistant to the common GNR (30%-60%). The ticarcillin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazuobactam (β-L-ase 2), fluoroquinolone, and group 2 carbapenem had good sensitivity. This study presents a comprehensive microbiological survey of diabetic foot ulcers in inpatients and provides reliable evidence of the local microbial epidemiology and sensitivity of antibiotics, which may help us improve clinical outcomes in DFI patients.

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Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Isolates in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Kaduna, Nigeria

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1673676 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (02) ◽

pp. 152-156

Author(s):

Emmanuel Musa ◽

Aliyu Kodiya ◽

Abdullahi Kirfi ◽

Onyekwere Nwaorgu

Keyword(s):

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Statistical Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Introduction A common practice in the management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the empirical use of antibiotics may contribute to treatment failure and to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Objective To determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria associated with CRS. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which endoscopically guided middle meatal swabs (IBM Spss, version 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA) were aseptically taken from patients diagnosed with CRS after obtaining informed consent and ethical clearance. The samples were sent to the laboratory for qualitative and semiquantitative analysis via gram stain, aerobic, anaerobic cultures and antibacterial sensitivity tests. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Simple statistical parameters and paired sample t-test were used, as appropriate. Results There were 74 (56.92%) bacterial growths, out of which 55 (74.32%) were aerobic and 19 (25.68%) were anaerobic isolates, from a total of 130 patients. About 13 (17.5%–18%) of these bacterial growths yielded a mixed growth of aerobic and anaerobic isolates. The most common bacterial isolates were 26 (35.14%) Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae 9 (12.16%), Streptococcus viridians 8 (10.81%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae 5 (6.76%). Augmentin, ciprofloxacin, and Peflacine were found to be most effective, followed by levofloxacin, Rocephin, erythromycin and Zinat in that order. Conclusion Augmentin, ciprofloxacin and Peflacine have a sensitivity of 100%, while most of the organisms show resistance to Ampiclox, amoxicillin, and Septrin.

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Diabetic Foot Infection: Causative Pathogens and Empiric Antibiotherapy Considerations—The Experience of a Tertiary Center

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds ◽

10.1177/1534734619839815 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 122-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

José Miguel Neves ◽

Bruno Duarte ◽

Margarida Pinto ◽

Ana Formiga ◽

José Neves

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Empiric Therapy ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Tertiary Center

Most moderate-to-severe diabetic foot infections (DFIs) require hospitalization with urgent surgical approach and administration of empiric antibiotherapy. To ensure optimal antibiotic coverage, regular microbiological background updates are imperative. The purpose is to characterize the microbiological profile and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the DFI causative pathogens isolated within a specialized DFI unit of a tertiary hospital, in order to establish evidence-based policies regarding empirical antibiotic use. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Microbiological cultures and corresponding antibiotic sensitivity tests collected from moderate-to-severe DFIs as a first approach to the hospitalized patient were retrieved and analyzed during a 12-month period. Two groups were analyzed: inpatients that had been previously followed at the diabetic foot clinic of the hospital and inpatients without a previous contact with the hospital services. A total of 125 isolates obtained from 87 patients were deemed for analysis. Globally, a predominance of Gram-positive bacteria was observed (60%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen. The global ratio of methicillin-sensitive S aureus to methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) was 1.3:1, with similar findings in both groups. According to the antibiotic sensitivity test results, and within the recommended empiric antibiotic regimens for DFI, piperacillin/tazobactam seems to be the most suitable option. Gram-positive bacteria prevail as the main isolates in DFIs. Screening for MRSA-specific risk factors is mandatory. When going for a first empiric therapy, piperacillin/tazobactam is recommended in this institution, and an anti-MRSA agent should be added early, if necessary. We encourage continuous monitoring for the bacterial prevalence in Portuguese diabetic foot centers as it is paramount for the decision making regarding DFI protocols.

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