scholarly journals Molecular evidence indicates the existence of multiple lineages of Sperata species in Indian Rivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhaker Yadav ◽  
Ajit Kumar ◽  
Neha Yadav ◽  
Mansi Bisht ◽  
Syed Ainul Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganga River ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Sperata Seenghala ◽  
Haplotypes Diversity ◽  
Three Rivers ◽  
Indian Rivers

AbstractSperata seenghala (Giant river-catfish) and Sperata aor (Long-whiskered catfish) are commercially important freshwater catfishes of India, belongs to family Bagridae. Due to high nutritional significance and the low number of intramuscular bones, both fishes have considerable demand in South Asian countries. Both of the Sperata species are morphologically close and well adapted to the same habitat. In this study, we have assessed the level of genetic diversity and differentiation of S. seenghala and S. aor in the Ganga River based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and compared with the other major Indian rivers. We found high haplotypes diversity for both the species in the Ganga. However, it was comparatively low for S. seenghala in Mahanadi and Brahmaputra populations. The phylogenetic and median-joining network strongly indicated the presence of two distinct maternal lineages of S. seenghala from the Ganga river. Interestingly, the genetic differentiation between S. seenghala of Ganga-Brahmaputra was much higher (~25.3%) than the S. seenghala and S. aor (~17%), whereas it was comparatively low between Ganges-Mahanadi (~8.0%). Our finding provided evidence that all the three rivers: Ganga, Mahanadi, and the Brahmaputra sustain a highly diverse and genetically distinct stock of giant river catfish; therefore, all populations should be considered as a different management unit for the protection of stocks. Our findings indicated that Brahmaputra lineages qualify the species level variations. This study can be further used as a reference database for proper lineage identification of S. seenghala and S. aor that could formulate the appropriate conservation and management plans.

Population genetics of Indian giant river-catfish, Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839) using microsatellite markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya P. Acharya ◽  
Annam Pavan-Kumar ◽  
Pathakota Gireesh-Babu ◽  
Chaitanya G. Joshi ◽  
Aparna Chaudhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Sperata Seenghala ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Significant Linkage

The giant river-catfish Sperata seenghala is one of the commercially important freshwater catfishes of India with wide distribution in all major rivers and reservoirs. This fish has huge demand in domestic market due to high nutritional value and low number of intramuscular bones. Conversely, the culture practices for this fish have not yet been standardized and capture fisheries is the only source to meet the demand. This may lead to over exploitation of resources and subsequent population reduction. Knowledge on genetic structure of populations is prerequisite to formulate sustainable management and conservation measures. In the present study, 15 microsatellites were used to characterize population genetics of S. seenghala collected from river Brahmaputra, Ganga, Godavari, Mahanadi and Narmada. Locus-wise, the number of alleles varied from 8 to 19 with an average of 12 alleles per locus. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity values varied from 0.622 to 0.699 and 0.733 to 0.774, respectively. Several loci have shown deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and no significant linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was detected. Pair-wise FST values between populations ranged from 0.135 (Brahmaputra–Ganga) to 0.173 (Brahmaputra–Narmada) and confirmed the moderate to high genetic differentiation among the populations. AMOVA, Structure and Principal Co-ordinate analyses showed significant genetic differentiation among the sampled populations of S. seenghala. A total of 65 private alleles were recorded across populations. This study confirmed the distinctiveness of each population of S. seenghala from five major rivers of India. These populations could be treated as distinct management units (MUs) for assessment and management purpose.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence ofBurkholderia pseudomalleigenotypes based on geographical distribution

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorfatin Jihan Zulkefli ◽  
Vanitha Mariappan ◽  
Kumutha Malar Vellasamy ◽  
Chun Wie Chong ◽  
Kwai Lin Thong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Soil Isolate ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
A Cell

Background.Central intermediary metabolism (CIM) in bacteria is defined as a set of metabolic biochemical reactions within a cell, which is essential for the cell to survive and respond to environmental perturbations. The genes associated with CIM are commonly found in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. As these genes are involved in vital metabolic processes of bacteria, we explored the efficiency of the genes in genotypic characterization ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiisolates, compared with the established pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes.Methods.Nine previously sequencedB. pseudomalleiisolates from Malaysia were characterized by PFGE, MLST and CIM genes. The isolates were later compared to the other 39B. pseudomalleistrains, retrieved from GenBank using both MLST and sequence analysis of CIM genes. UniFrac and hierachical clustering analyses were performed using the results generated by both MLST and sequence analysis of CIM genes.Results.Genetic relatedness of nine MalaysianB. pseudomalleiisolates and the other 39 strains was investigated. The nine Malaysian isolates were subtyped into six PFGE profiles, four MLST profiles and five sequence types based on CIM genes alignment. All methods demonstrated the clonality of OB and CB as well as CMS and THE. However, PFGE showed less than 70% similarity between a pair of morphology variants, OS and OB. In contrast, OS was identical to the soil isolate, MARAN. To have a better understanding of the genetic diversity ofB. pseudomalleiworldwide, we further aligned the sequences of genes used in MLST and genes associated with CIM for the nine Malaysian isolates and 39B. pseudomalleistrains from NCBI database. Overall, based on the CIM genes, the strains were subtyped into 33 profiles where majority of the strains from Asian countries were clustered together. On the other hand, MLST resolved the isolates into 31 profiles which formed three clusters. Hierarchical clustering using UniFrac distance suggested that the isolates from Australia were genetically distinct from the Asian isolates. Nevertheless, statistical significant differences were detected between isolates from Malaysia, Thailand and Australia.Discussion.Overall, PFGE showed higher discriminative power in clustering the nine MalaysianB. pseudomalleiisolates and indicated its suitability for localized epidemiological study. Compared to MLST, CIM genes showed higher resolution in distinguishing those non-related strains and better clustering of strains from different geographical regions. A closer genetic relatedness of Malaysian isolates with all Asian strains in comparison to Australian strains was observed. This finding was supported by UniFrac analysis which resulted in geographical segregation between Australia and the Asian countries.

scholarly journals A checklist of fish species from three rivers in northwestern Bangladesh based on a seven-year survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 13786-13794
Author(s):  
Imran Parvez ◽  
Mohammad Ashraful Alam ◽  
Mohammad Mahbubul Hassan ◽  
Yeasmin Ara ◽  
Imran Hoshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Biodiversity ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Northwestern Bangladesh ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Riverine Fish ◽  
Three Rivers ◽  
Conservation And Management

Bangladesh is rich in freshwater biodiversity, but information on riverine fish diversity is lacking.  This study represents a complete list of fish species of Dhepa, Punarbhaba, and Atrai rivers of Bangladesh based on surveys carried out for seven years, from 2009 to 2016.  A total of 121 species belonging to 80 genera and 33 families were recorded, of which Cyprinidae was the most dominant family representing 24 species.  A total of 42 threatened species and 10 exotic species were collected during the survey.  This study highlights that Dhepa, Punarbhaba, and Atrai are critical habitats for many conservation-concern fish species, and reveals the need for developing suitable conservation and management plans for the future.

Redescription and molecular analysis of Pallisentis (Pallisentis) nandai Sarkar, 1953 (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Amin ◽  
R.A. Heckmann ◽  
A. Chaudhary ◽  
N.Y. Rubtsova ◽  
H.S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
First Time

Abstract Pallisentis (Pallisentis) nandai Sarkar, 1953 is a freshwater fish parasite restricted to the Indian subcontinent in the Ganga River and its tributaries. It was described from the leaffish, Nandus nandus (Hamilton) from the Ganga River delta at Calcutta. We recovered variant specimens from the same host species from the Ganga near its headwaters at Bijnor about 1500 km away. Our specimens were clearly identifiable as P. nandai but varied considerably from those in the original description, especially in the size of proboscis hooks, receptacle and lemnisci. The original description was incomplete (missing line drawings of female trunk and reproductive system, male trunk, complete proboscis, hooks and hook roots) and inaccurate (proboscis, hooks, receptacle wall), and some measurements were lumped together for both sexes. We provide a complete description and include new morphological information including the first description of para-receptacle structure in the genus Pallisentis Van Cleave, 1928, scanning electron microscopy and microscope images, molecular analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) of hooks and spines of our specimens for the first time. Additional details of proboscis hook roots, trunk spines, micropores and micropore distribution are described. The unique metal composition of hooks (EDXA) demonstrated a considerably high but variable level of sulphur and negligible level of calcium in collar and trunk spines and hook tips, but a higher level of sulphur and calcium at the hook basal arch than at the hook tip and edge. A comparison with the EDXA pattern of another species of Pallisentis, P. İndica Mital & Lal, 1976, were considerably different. The phylogenetic position of P. nandai within Eoacanthocephala was generated to assess the molecular characterization based on 18S and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequences. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses placed P. nandai in a clade with other Pallisentis species under the family Quadrigyridae. This is the first report based on molecular evidence for P. nandai.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence of clonality amongst Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor during an outbreak in Malaysia

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. VADIVELU ◽  
L. IYER ◽  
B. M. KSHATRIYA ◽  
S. D. PUTHUCHEARY
Keyword(s):  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Dice Coefficient ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Pfge Profiles

Forty-three clinical strains of V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor were isolated between 3 May and 10 June 1998 during an outbreak in the metropolitan area of Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs. With the exception of three Inaba strains that were restricted to three members of a family, all the others belonged to the Ogawa serotype. The strains were analysed for clonality using ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Two ribotypes, V/B21a and B27, were identified among 40 Ogawa isolates using BglI restriction endonuclease. Ribotype V/B21a has been described previously from Taiwan and Colombia and several Asian countries while B27 has been reported among isolates from Senegal. The three Inaba strains belonged to one ribotype, designated type A, not previously reported. PFGE analysis using NotI revealed that all isolates within a ribotype had identical profiles demonstrating clonality amongst the strains. Dice coefficient analysis of the two Ogawa genotypes revealed 89% similarity on ribotype patterns and 91.3% on PFGE profiles. Ribotype V/B21a isolates were associated with cases from dispersed areas of Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs while ribotype B27 was restricted to cases from one particular area suggesting a common-source outbreak.

scholarly journals Who Are the Stalkers in Hong Kong? Examining Stalking Perpetration Behaviors and Motives of Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12798
Author(s):  
Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Males And Females

Information on the stalking perpetration dynamics of young male and female adults in Asian countries is scarce, particularly in relation to stalkers’ offending characteristics, perpetration behaviors, motives, and other violent and nonviolent behaviors. This study compares the stalking perpetration dynamics (i.e., offending characteristics, lifetime stalking perpetration behaviors and motives, and other violent and nonviolent behaviors) of young male and female adults in Hong Kong. Of the 2496 participants, recruited from all eight public and two private universities in Hong Kong, 45 participants (1.8%; mean age = 22.84 years) reported stalking perpetration during their lifetimes (33 males (mean age = 22.56 years) and 12 females (mean age = 23.58 years)). Significantly more males than females reported that they had engaged in stalking perpetration in the past 12 months. In general, participants most frequently perpetrated surveillance-oriented stalking behaviors, followed by approach-oriented stalking behaviors and intimidation- and aggression-oriented stalking behaviors. Significantly more females than males reported to have threatened to harm or kill their victims. Additionally, significantly more females than males reported “the victim caught me doing something” as their motive for stalking. The findings of our study provide useful information for prioritization during criminal investigations. Increased understanding of the stalking perpetration dynamics of males and females will help the police and threat assessment professionals to formulate their investigation and management plans.

scholarly journals Complex Interrelationships between Ecosystem Services Supply and Tourism Demand: General Framework and Evidence from the Origin of Three Asian Rivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chung ◽  
Tao Pan ◽  
Xintong Zou ◽  
Jianguo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Demonstration Site ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Tourism Attractions ◽  
Three Rivers

Over the past two decades, the demands of nature-based tourism have been rapidly growing worldwide, yet it is not clear how tourist demands for water, food, and infrastructure influence the ecosystem services (ES), which are often the bedrock of an area’s economic, cultural, and natural wealth. With a general conceptual model that applies the telecoupling framework, this study identifies complex interrelationships between the demand for nature-based tourism, which is a type of cultural ES, ES supply, and the economy simultaneously, using China’s Qinghai Province as a demonstration site. The province is the origin of three rivers, making it crucial for water retention and prime for tourism. The results indicate that there is a strong spatial interaction between the number of tourism attractions and water retention. The southern Qinghai region’s natural resources are protected by the Sanjiangyuan (three rivers headwater) National Park. From 2010–2014, tourists in the Sanjiangyuan region spent more money than those in the northern Qinghai region, which has accelerated the development of tourism infrastructures. The Sanjiangyuan region may face the unexpected degradation of its natural habitats due to rapid tourism development. Our findings suggest that new management plans are needed to minimize the negative impacts from the demands of distant tourists, and preserve the region that supports both the environment and the economy.

scholarly journals Indian seaweed resources: their availability and importance

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Temkar ◽  
Arti Joshi ◽  
A. J. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Variable Amount ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Waters ◽  
Green Seaweed ◽  
Commercially Important

The plant species which were found along the sea – shore was called as “seaweed”. They were reported all along the Indian coastal state waters in variable amount. Among all these Indian coastal states Tamil nadu and Gujarat states contributes more seaweed resource. Seaweed were mainly found along the coastal waters of the ocean. According to colouration and pigmentation in plants they were classified in three categories; i.e. Red, Brown and Green seaweed. The various reports were reported that seaweed are utilized for many different purposes all along the world. They were mainly utilized for food, medicine, fertilizers etc. in this review article authors were discussed about the availability of seaweed resources along Indian waters and the mineral and proximate composition of commercially important seaweed species, which represents seaweed is one of the most important resource in future and so in future this scenario will ultimately causes the utilization and demand of seaweed was going on increasing, not only along Asian countries but also from all over the world. The Indian waters consideration represents, there was very less importance was given to seaweed as that of other oceanic resource, but in future India also going to give importance to seaweed mainly because over-fishing/ over-harvesting of other oceanic resources like fishes, shell fishes, mammals etc. from Indian oceanic waters. so all these thing together concluded that in future seaweed will became as one of the best alternative option for human beings.

Variations in fatty acid composition of neem seeds collected from the Rajasthan state of India

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kaushik ◽  
S. Vir
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Good Proportion ◽  
Selection Of

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a multipurpose tree native to the Indian subcontinent and South-East Asian countries. Products derived from neem have been used for centuries, particularly in India, for medicinal and pest-management purposes. Azadirachtin and neem oil are the two major commercially important products derived from the tree. The oil contains palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids in good proportion. Although there is growing demand for quality planting material for plantation of neem, efforts are lacking for the selection of neem trees based on their biochemical composition. In the present study, 60 Neem seed samples were collected from different provinances of the Rajasthan state in India. These samples were analysed by GLC to study the variability of fatty acid composition. Significant variability in individual fatty acids was observed. The palmitic acid ranged from 16 to 34%, stearic acid from 6 to 24%, oleic acid from 25 to 58% and linoleic acid from 6 to 17%. This variability can be exploited for selection of trees and for studying the genetic variability in neem. These selections can also be utilized for genetic improvement of the tree.

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