scholarly journals Association of plasma proteins with rate of cognitive decline and dementia: 20-year follow-up of the Whitehall II and ARIC cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni V. Lindbohm ◽  
Nina Mars ◽  
Keenan A. Walker ◽  
Archana Singh-Manoux ◽  
Gill Livingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Replication Cohort ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Decline Rate ◽  
Related Proteins

AbstractThe role of circulating proteins in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias is unknown. Using a follow-up of two decades, 4953 plasma proteins, and discovery (Whitehall II) and replication cohort (ARIC), we examined plasma proteins associated with cognitive decline rate and dementia. After replication and adjustment for known dementia risk factors, fifteen proteins were associated with cognitive decline rate and dementia. None of these were amyloid, tau, or neurofilament-related proteins. Currently approved medications can target five of the proteins. The results support systemic pathogenesis of dementias, may aid in early diagnosis, and suggest potential targets for drug development.

A longitudinal study of cognitive decline in rural Tanzania: rates and potentially modifiable risk factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1333-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Heward ◽  
Lydia Stone ◽  
Stella-Maria Paddick ◽  
Sarah Mkenda ◽  
William K. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Dementia Risk

ABSTRACTBackground:The number of people living with dementia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is expected to increase rapidly in the coming decades. However, our understanding of how best to reduce dementia risk in the population is very limited. As a first step in developing intervention strategies to manage dementia risk in this setting, we investigated rates of cognitive decline in a rural population in Tanzania and attempted to identify associated factors.Methods:The study was conducted in the rural Hai district of northern Tanzania. In 2014, community-dwelling people aged 65 years and over living in six villages were invited to take part in a cognitive screening program. All participants from four of the six villages were followed-up at two years and cognitive function re-tested. At baseline and follow-up, participants were assessed for functional disability, hypertension, and grip strength (as a measure of frailty). At follow-up, additional assessments of visual acuity, hearing impairment, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and clinical assessment for stroke were completed.Results:Baseline and follow-up data were available for 327 people. Fifty people had significant cognitive decline at two-year follow-up. Having no formal education, low grip strength at baseline, being female and having depression at follow-up were independently associated with cognitive decline.Conclusions:This is one of the first studies of cognitive decline conducted in SSA. Rates of decline at two years were relatively high. Future work should focus on identification of specific modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline with a view to developing culturally appropriate interventions.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Analyses of Visuospatial and Visuoperceptual Errors as Predictors of Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Iván Galtier ◽  
Antonieta Nieto ◽  
María Mata ◽  
Jesús N. Lorenzo ◽  
José Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Objective: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are considered as the risk factors for dementia (PDD). Posterior cortically based functions, such as visuospatial and visuoperceptual (VS-VP) processing, have been described as predictors of PDD. However, no investigations have focused on the qualitative analysis of the Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLOT) and the Facial Recognition Test (FRT) in PD-SCD and PD-MCI. The aim of this work was to study the VS-VP errors in JLOT and FRT. Moreover, these variables are considered as predictors of PDD. Method: Forty-two PD patients and 19 controls were evaluated with a neuropsychological protocol. Patients were classified as PD-SCD and PD-MCI. Analyses of errors were conducted following the procedure described by Ska, Poissant, and Joanette (1990). Follow-up assessment was conducted to a mean of 7.5 years after the baseline. Results: PD-MCI patients showed a poor performance in JLOT and FRT total score and made a greater proportion of severe intraquadrant (QO2) and interquadrant errors (IQO). PD-SCD showed a poor performance in FRT and made mild errors in JLOT. PD-MCI and QO2/IQO errors were independent risk factors for PDD during the follow-up. Moreover, the combination of both PD-MCI diagnosis and QO2/IQO errors was associated with a greater risk. Conclusions: PD-MCI patients presented a greater alteration in VS-VP processing observable by the presence of severe misjudgments. PD-SCD patients also showed mild difficulties in VS-SP functions. Finally, QO2/IQO errors in PD-MCI are a useful predictor of PDD, more than PD-MCI diagnosis alone.

scholarly journals Role of white matter hyperintensities, hemoglobin and vitamin B‐12 on cognitive decline: Two‐year follow‐up data from the Tata Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TLSA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Balakrishnan ◽  
Vivek Tiwari ◽  
M.L. Abhishek ◽  
Naren P. Rao ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Vitamin B 12

scholarly journals Development of the First WHO Guidelines for Risk Reduction of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Stephen ◽  
Mariagnese Barbera ◽  
Ruth Peters ◽  
Nicole Ee ◽  
Lidan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Multidomain Intervention ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

The first WHO guidelines for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia marked an important milestone in the field of dementia prevention. In this paper, we discuss the evidence reviewed as part of the guidelines development and present the main themes emerged from its synthesis, to inform future research and policies on dementia risk reduction. The role of intervention effect-size; the mismatch between observational and intervention-based evidence; the heterogeneity of evidence among intervention trials; the importance of intervention duration; the role of timing of exposure to a certain risk factor and interventions; the relationship between intervention intensity and response; the link between individual risk factors and specific dementia pathologies; and the need for tailored interventions emerged as the main themes. The interaction and clustering of individual risk factors, including genetics, was identified as the overarching theme. The evidence collected indicates that multidomain approaches targeting simultaneously multiple risk factors and tailored at both individual and population level, are likely to be most effective and feasible in dementia risk reduction. The current status of multidomain intervention trials aimed to cognitive impairment/dementia prevention was also briefly reviewed. Primary results were presented focusing on methodological differences and the potential of design harmonization for improving evidence quality. Since multidomain intervention trials address a condition with slow clinical manifestation—like dementia—in a relatively short time frame, the need for surrogate outcomes was also discussed, with a specific focus on the potential utility of dementia risk scores. Finally, we considered how multidomain intervention could be most effectively implemented in a public health context and the implications world-wide for other non-communicable diseases targeting common risk factors, taking into account the limited evidence in low-middle income countries. In conclusion, the evidence from the first WHO guidelines for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia indicated that “one size does not fit all,” and multidomain approaches adaptable to different populations and individuals are likely to be the most effective. Harmonization in trial design, the use of appropriate outcome measures, and sustainability in large at-risk populations in the context of other chronic disorders also emerged as key elements.

P1755Plasma proteomics in healthy individuals predict myocardial infarction

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Hoogeveen ◽  
J P Belo Pereira ◽  
V Zampoleri ◽  
M J Bom ◽  
W Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Abstract Background Currently used models to predict cardiovascular event risk have limited value. It has been shown repetitively that the addition of single biomarkers has modest impact. Recently we observed that a model consisting of a larger array of plasma proteins performed very well in predicting the presence of vulnerable plaques in primary prevention patients. However, the validation of this protein panel in predicting cardiovascular outcomes remains to be established. Purpose This study investigated the ability of a 384 preselected protein biomarkers to predict acute myocardial infarction, using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques. Secondly, we compared the performance of this multi-protein risk model to traditional risk engines. Methods We selected 822 subjects from the EPIC-Norfolk prospective cohort study, of whom 411 suffered a myocardial infarction during follow-up (median 15 years) compared to 411 controls who remained event-free (median follow-up 20 years). The 384 proteins were measured using proximity extension assay technology. Machine learning algorithms (random forests) were used for the prediction of acute myocardial infarction (ICD code I21–22). Performance of the model was tested against and on top of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (refit Framingham). All performance measurements were averaged over several stability selection routines. Results Prediction of myocardial infarction using a machine-learning model consisting of 50 plasma proteins resulted in a ROC AUC of 0.74±0.14, in comparison to 0.69±0.17 using traditional risk factors (refit Framingham. Combining the proteins and refit Framingham resulted in a ROC AUC of 0.74±0.15. Focussing on events occurring within 3 years after baseline blood withdrawal, the ROC AUC increased to 0.80±0.09 using 50 plasma proteins, as opposed to 0.67±0.22 using refit Framingham (figure). Combining the protein model with refit Framingham resulted in a ROC AUC of 0.82±0.11 for these events. Diagnostic performance events <3yrs Conclusion High-throughput proteomics outperforms traditional risk factors in prediction of acute myocardial infarction. Prediction of myocardial infarction occurring within 3 years after inclusion showed highest performance. Availability of affordable proteomic approaches and developed machine learning pave the path for clinical implementation of these models in cardiovascular risk prediction. Acknowledgement/Funding This study was funded by an ERA-CVD grant (JTC2017) and EU Horizon 2020 grant (REPROGRAM, 667837)

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Obesity at Age 3 in Alaskan Children, Including the Role of Beverage Consumption: Results from Alaska PRAMS 2005-2006 and Its Three-Year Follow-Up Survey, CUBS, 2008-2009

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0118711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Wojcicki ◽  
Margaret B. Young ◽  
Katherine A. Perham-Hester ◽  
Peter de Schweinitz ◽  
Bradford D. Gessner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Beverage Consumption

scholarly journals Standardized Protocol for Hemodialysis Vascular Access Assessment: The Role of Ultrasound and ColorDoppler

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Nalesso ◽  
Francesco Garzotto ◽  
Ilaria Petrucci ◽  
Sara Samoni ◽  
Grazia Maria Virzì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Hemodialysis Vascular Access ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Artery Flow

Introduction: Ultrasound and colorDoppler technique, which is relatively inexpensive, rapid, non-invasive and repeatable is a powerful tool used for early diagnosis of vascular access (VA) complications in hemodialysis patients. To date a standard and widely comprehensible echocolorDoppler (ECD) protocol is not available. Materials and Methods: A simple step-by-step protocol based on anatomical and hemodynamic parameters of VA has been developed during a 3-years VA ECD follow-up. It consists of an ECD study scheme. The algorithm created involves the calculation of brachial artery flow, description of artero-venous and/or graft-vascular anastomosis and efferent vessel and/or graft. Results: The algorithm allows to formulate a medical report that takes into account both anatomic and hemodynamic parameters of the VA. Reduction of complications and the prevention of chronic complications as well as the early detection of acute problems were achieved. Discussion and Conclusion: The creation of a step-by-step protocol may simplify the multidisciplinary management of VA, its monitoring and the early diagnosis of its complications.

scholarly journals Role of risk factors for major coronary heart disease events with increasing length of follow up

Heart ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
S G Wannamethee ◽  
A G Shaper ◽  
P H Whincup ◽  
M Walker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease
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