scholarly journals IP3/Ca2+ signals regulate larval to pupal transition under nutrient stress through the H3K36 methyltransferase dSET2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishav Mitra ◽  
Shlesha Richhariya ◽  
Siddharth Jayakumar ◽  
Dimple Notani ◽  
Gaiti Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Release Channel ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Critical Weight ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Neuronal Genes

AbstractPersistent loss of dietary protein usually signals a shutdown of key metabolic pathways. In Drosophila larvae, that have crossed “critical weight” and can pupariate to form viable adults, such a metabolic shut-down would needlessly lead to death. IP3/Ca2+ signals in certain interneurons (vGlutVGN6341) allow Drosophila larvae to pupariate on a protein-deficient diet by partially circumventing this shutdown through upregulation of neuropeptide signaling and the expression of ecdysone synthesis genes. Here we show that IP3/Ca2+ signals in vGlutVGN6341 neurons drive expression of dSET2, a Drosophila Histone 3 Lysine 36 methyltransferase. Further, dSET2 expression is required for larvae to pupariate in the absence of dietary protein. IP3/Ca2+ signal-driven dSET2 expression upregulates key Ca2+ signaling genes through a novel positive feedback loop. Transcriptomic studies coupled with analysis of existing ChIP-seq datasets identified genes from larval and pupal stages, that normally exhibit robust H3K36 trimethyl marks on their gene bodies and concomitantly undergo stronger downregulation by knockdown of either an intracellular Ca2+ release channel the IP3R or dSET2. IP3/Ca2+ signals thus regulate gene expression through dSET2 mediated H3K36 marks on select neuronal genes for the larval to pupal transition.

scholarly journals IP3-mediated Ca2+ signals regulate larval to pupal transition under nutrient stress through the H3K36 methyltransferase Set2

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishav Mitra ◽  
Shlesha Richhariya ◽  
Siddharth Jayakumar ◽  
Dimple Notani ◽  
Gaiti Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Release Channel ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Critical Weight ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Drosophila Larvae ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Neuronal Genes

ABSTRACT Persistent loss of dietary protein usually signals a shutdown of key metabolic pathways. In Drosophila larvae that have reached a ‘critical weight’ and can pupariate to form viable adults, such a metabolic shutdown would needlessly lead to death. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated calcium (IP3/Ca2+) release in some interneurons (vGlutVGN6341) allows Drosophila larvae to pupariate on a protein-deficient diet by partially circumventing this shutdown through upregulation of neuropeptide signaling and the expression of ecdysone synthesis genes. Here, we show that IP3/Ca2+ signals in vGlutVGN6341 neurons drive expression of Set2, a gene encoding Drosophila Histone 3 Lysine 36 methyltransferase. Furthermore, Set2 expression is required for larvae to pupariate in the absence of dietary protein. IP3/Ca2+ signal-driven Set2 expression upregulates key Ca2+-signaling genes through a novel positive-feedback loop. Transcriptomic studies, coupled with analysis of existing ChIP-seq datasets, identified genes from larval and pupal stages that normally exhibit robust H3K36 trimethyl marks on their gene bodies and concomitantly undergo stronger downregulation by knockdown of either the intracellular Ca2+ release channel IP3R or Set2. IP3/Ca2+ signals thus regulate gene expression through Set2-mediated H3K36 marks on select neuronal genes for the larval to pupal transition.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DIETARY PROTEIN CONTENT ON Trypanosoma cruzi INFECTION IN GERMFREE AND CONVENTIONAL MICE

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa P. CINTRA ◽  
Marcelo E. SILVA ◽  
Marcílio E.C. SILVA ◽  
Márcio E. SILVA ◽  
L.C. C. AFONSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Cruzi Infection ◽  
Microbiological Status

Germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) mice were fed on diets containing 4.4, 13.2 or 26.4% of protein (weight/weight). CV mice fed on low protein diet did not gain weight during four weeks, whereas the protein deficient diet did not affect the growth of GF mice. After four weeks on these diets, the mice were inoculated with 5x103 trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. The protein deficiency affected less the GF than the CV mice, according to the following parameters: weight gain, hemoglobin, plasma protein and albumin levels and water and protein contents of the carcass. Infection with T. cruzi produced a significant decrease in hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, and water and protein contents in the carcass. This decrease was more pronounced in the GF mice. Histopathologically, there was no difference between the treatments in animals with the same microbiological status (GF or CV). However, the disease was more severe in the GF than in the CV mice.

scholarly journals The effects of energy intake and dietary protein on nitrogen retention, growth performance, body composition and some aspects of energy metabolism of baby pigs

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
A. C. Dunkin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet

1. The effects of level of feeding of either a protein-adequate or a protein-deficient diet on nitrogen retention (NR), growth performance, body composition and some aspects of energy utilization in pigs growing from 1·8 to 6·5 kg live weight (LW) were investigated in two experiments.2. In Expts 1 and 2 piglets were given a protein-adequate diet at four levels of intake (0·93, 1·44, 1·83 and 2·30 MJ gross energy (GE)/kg LW0·75 per d) and a protein-deficient diet at five levels of intake (1·14, 1·38, 1·68, 1·95 and 2·30 MJ GE/kg LW0·75 per d) respectively.3. For pigs given the protein-adequate diet (Expt 1) NR was linearly (P < 0·001) related to energy intake (EI) and independent of N intake (NI). NR in pigs given the protein-deficient diet (Expt 2) was linearly (P < 0·001) related to NI and independent of EI.4. Average daily LW gain responded linearly to increases in EI in both experiments. However, at equivalent levels of EI pigs given the protein-adequate diet exhibited more rapid and efficient growth than those given the protein-deficient diet. The results also indicated an interaction between the effects of EI and dietary protein content for feed conversion efficiency.5. Body fat at 6·5 kg LW increased in a curvilinear fashion with increasing EI in both experiments. However, over the range of EI tested (from approximately 1·8 to 4·6 times energy for maintenance) body fat increased by 153% in Expt 1 and by only 27% in Expt 2. Pigs given the protein-deficient diet were also markedly fatter than those given the protein-adequate diet. Body protein at 6·5 kg LW decreased (P < 0·01) with increasing EI in Expt 1 but was unaffected by EI in Expt 2.6. As estimated by multiple regression analysis, the values for the efficiency of energy utilization for protein (kp) and fat (kf) deposition were 0·76 and 0·78 respectively in Expt 1 and 0·42 and 0·89 resepctively in Expt 2. The estimates of metabolizable energy required for maintenance were 445 and 532 kJ/kg LW0·75 per d for Expts 1 and 2 respectively.

Low omega-6/omega-3 ratio in a maternal protein-deficient diet promotes histone-3 changes in progeny neural cells and favors leukemia inhibitory factor gene transcription

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinny Rosendo Isaac ◽  
Emerson Alexandre Neves da Silva ◽  
Rhowena Jane Barbosa de Matos ◽  
Ricielle Lopes Augusto ◽  
Giselle Machado Magalhães Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet

scholarly journals Veterinary needs of dogs in two resource-limited communities in the Gauteng and North West provinces of South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N. Minnaar ◽  
R.C. Krecek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet

Information on the socioeconomic aspects and the health status of dogs in 2 resource-limited communities in the North West and Gauteng provinces of South Africa was gathered using semi-structured interviews and a standardised questionnaire. The dogs were examined clinically to determine their health status, and their body condition and age were scored. Most of the dogs (93 % in Jericho and 90 % in Zuurbekom) were infected with hookworm, which poses a threat to animal and human health in the 2 study areas. Many dogs were also being given a protein-deficient diet, which together with hookworm parasites would impact considerably on the dog's health. Dogs were mainly kept for security reasons. The need indicated to be most important by the residents of the 2 commnities was a lack of available and affordable veterinary services.

scholarly journals Iberian pig adaptation to acorn consumption: I. Net portal appearance of metabolites

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Fernández-Fígares ◽  
Jose Miguel Rodríguez-López ◽  
Lucrecia González-Valero ◽  
Manuel Lachica
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Period ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Sampling Session ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Portal Plasma ◽  
Set Up

Most valuable cured products from Iberian pigs come from pure bred animals raised for a final grazing-fattening period where pigs eat mainly acorns, a low protein energy rich fruit. This is a nutritional challenge for animals fed equilibrated diets from weaning. The aim of the study was to determine net portal appearance (NPA) of metabolites in gilts fed acorns and evaluate adaptational changes after one week of feeding. Two sampling periods were carried out (after one day and after one week of acorn feeding) with six gilts (34 kg average BW) set up with three catheters: in carotid artery and portal vein for blood sampling, and ileal vein for para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) infusion to measure portal plasma flow (PPF). Pigs were fed at 2.5 × ME for maintenance a standard diet in two portions, at 09:00 (0.25) and 15:00 h (the remaining 0.75). On the day prior to the first sampling period, pigs were fed 2.4 kg of oak acorns. After feeding 0.25 of ration a 6 h serial blood collection was initiated. Following an identical protocol, a second sampling session was performed 1 week later. Adaptation to acorn consumption decreased NPA of ammonia (47%,P < 0.001). Although there was a transfer of urea from the gastrointestinal tract to the circulation in both sampling periods, no differences in NPA of urea was found (P > 0.05). NPA of glucose was not influenced by sampling period (P > 0.05), but NPA of lactate was greatly increased (231%,P < 0.001). There was a negative NPA of albumin although adaptation to acorn feeding did not alter it. Although NPA of triglycerides and cholesterol were unchanged, a subtle increase in arterial and portal cholesterol was noticed (9.6%,P < 0.01). Pigs fed a protein deficient diet for one week adapted decreasing NPA of ammonia for saving metabolic energy as less ammonia would become available for conversion to urea.

scholarly journals Protein utilization, growth and survival in essential-fatty-acid-deficient rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiani Jeyakumar Henry ◽  
Amal Ghusain-Choueiri ◽  
Philip R. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Retarded Growth ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between essential fatty acids (EFA) deficiency and the utilization of dietary protein, growth rate and survival of offspring was investigated in rats during development and reproduction. EFA deficiency was induced by feeding a 200 g casein/kg-based diet containing 70 g hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO)/lkg as the only source of fat. The conversion efficiency of dietary protein was assessed as net protein utilization (NPU), using a 10 d comparative carcass technique. Consumption of the deficient diet during the 10 d assay period induced biochemical changes characteristic of mild EFA deficiency in humans (triene:tetraene 0·27 (SD 0·04) compared with 0·026 (SD 0·004) for wn-deficient controls), but there were no significant changes in growth rate or protein utilization. These variables were also unchanged when the deficient diet was fed for an additional 7 d before the assay, although triene: tetraene increased to 0.8 (SD 0·02). Feeding the deficient diet for 63 d before assay produced severe EFA deficiency (triene:tetraene 1.4 (SD 0·3) v. 0·036 (SD 0·005) for controls), a fall in growth rate (25% during assay period), and NPU (31.5 (SD 0·63) v. 39.0 (SD 0·93) for controls). These severely-EFA-deficient animals had a 30% higher fasting-resting rate of energy metabolism than that of age-matched controls. However, there was no change in the rate of endogenous N loss. Voluntary energy consumption was increased in animals fed on deficient diets, either with 200 g protein/kg, or protein free. The reduced efficiency of protein utilization could be entirely accounted for by the restricted amount of energy available for growth and protein deposition. Consumption of an EFA-deficient diet during pregnancy and lactation resulted in high mortality (11% survival rate at weaning compared with 79% for controls) and retarded growth in the preweaning offspring. It is concluded that animals are particularly sensitive to EFA deficiency during reproduction and pre- and post-natal stages of development. However, after weaning only severe EFA deficiency retarded growth, primarily through changes in energy balance.

scholarly journals The effects of a tryptophan- and protein-deficient diet upon growth in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela H. Becker ◽  
Stephen F. Davis ◽  
Cathy A. Grover ◽  
Cynthia A. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet

LIPID METABOLISM AND LIPOPROTEIN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PEROXIDATION ARE AFFECTED BY A PROTEIN-DEFICIENT DIET IN THE RAT

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Moundras ◽  
Christian Demigné ◽  
Christine Morand ◽  
Marie-Anne Levrat ◽  
Christian Rémésy
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet

scholarly journals The effect of protein-deficient isoenergetic diets on the growth of rat jejunal mucosa

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Syme
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Metaphase Arrest ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Delayed Maturation

1. Newly weaned 21-d-old male rats were given isoenergetic diets containing 200, 100 and 50 g protein/kg for 7, 14, 28 or 70 d. The mid-jejunum was removed from the rats and a micrometric analysis of the mucosa was made. The following measurements were made: number of villi/mm2, vilius dimensions, villus surface area, crypt depth, crypt: villus, the number of cells/crypt in metaphase arrest per h.2. Comparisons were made between animals of the same age but on different diets, and animals on the same diet but of different ages. The latter comparison gave information on the effect of protein deficiency on the pattern of maturation of each feature of The villus or crypt studied.3. The effect of protein deficiency was not consistent at each stage of maturation. For instance villus height was decreased when compared with the controls following 28 d on a protein-deficient diet but not after 7 or 70 d.4. The only measurement to be unaffected by protein deficiency was the number of villi per unit area.5. In general the 50 g protein/kg diet had a more pronounced effect than the 100 g protein/kg diet. Protein deficiency delayed maturation by either slowing or inhibiting changes seen in normal maturation.6. In rats given 50 g protein/kg diet, although the villus surface area did not increase as the rats matured there were increases in epithelial cell production rate and number of crypts per villus.

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