scholarly journals Nationwide SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Study for Sewage and Sludges of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilge Alpaslan Kocamemi ◽  
Halil Kurt ◽  
Ahmet Sait ◽  
Hamza Kadi ◽  
Fahriye Sarac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Medical Tests ◽  
The World ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
All Treatment

1.AbstractSince the announcement of the pandemic of Covid-19 by WHO on March 11, 2020, the countries have started to monitor surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 through medical tests. However, people with no and very light symptoms are usually not medically tested or never hospitalized and they are missed. In the study of Wu et al. [1], it was realized that the urine and faeces of all infected people contain SARS-CoV-2. After that, sewage, and sludge-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance studies have gained significant importance around the world (Fig.1). SARS-CoV-2 was detected in wastewaters in The Netherlands [2,3,4], USA [1,5,6,7, 8, 9, 10], Australia [11], France [12, 13, 14], China [15], Spain [16,17,18,19,20], Italy [21, 22,23], Israel [24], Turkey[25], Germany[26], Japan [27,28], India [29,30], Pakistan [31], Brazil [32,33], Chile [34], Denmark, France, Belgium[35], Equator [36] and Sweden [37] using different virus concentration techniques. Published data show that high concentrations of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA reaches to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). On 7th of May 2020, Turkey took its place among a few country which have been started wastewater based surveillance studies at the early stages of pandemic by reporting SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR levels of major WWTPs of Istanbul [25]. Turkey [38] first detected SARS-CoV-2 in both primary and waste activated sludges of Istanbul WWTPs. Later, USA [39] and Spain [40] were also studied on sludge samples. There are also studies evaluating the SARS-CoV-2 in WWTPs effluents [10,13,14, 28, 29,30, 34, 36].This study aimed to scan distribution of Covid-19 through Turkey by SARS-CoV-2 measurements in influent, effluent and sludge samples of WWTPs. The influent, effluent and sludge samples were collected from main WWTPs located in 81 cities of Turkey through May 2020-July 2020. Among those 81 cities, Istanbul metropole with 15.5 million inhabitants was chosen as the pilot city since 65% of all cases in Turkey were present here. Hence, all treatment plants in Istanbul were scanned through the study. The viral activity tests were also conducted for the influent, effluent and sludge samples resulting high qPCR.

The Staging of Large Wastewater Treatment Plants - A “Modular” Approach

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
H. Fleckseder ◽  
L. Prendl ◽  
H. Meulenbroek
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Central European ◽  
Plant Hydraulics ◽  
The World ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Over Time

The primary driving force for re-investments in wastewater treatment plants in Austria - and also other countries in Central Europe - is at present not an increase in load to treatment but a marked increase in effluent requirements to be fulfilled. (The re-investments necessary for sludge handling and treatment remain outside this paper.) Within a period of 20 years, the load specific requirements on aeration tank volume rose five- to tenfold, when Lv = 2.0 kg BOD5/(m3d) was the starting value, and roughly doubled for final clarifiers. In addition, the importance of the application and expansion of primary sedimentation decreased as well. This development over time in Central European countries as well as the need to utilize previous investments as long as possible - 35 to 60 years for civil works are common as periods of depreciation - indicate that investments in new plant at any location in the world have to consider the possible whole life cycle of a plant and that plant hydraulics becomes the “key hook” for expandability.

Quality improvement of biosolids by ferrate(VI) oxidation of offensive odour compounds

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen C. Chao ◽  
Sergio J. de Luca ◽  
Carlos N. Idle
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Potassium Ferrate ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Environmental Recovery ◽  
Oxidizing Power ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
By Products

Studies concerning the treatment, stabilization and final disposal of biosolids, one of the by-products of wastewater treatment, in environmental recovery, have been intensified by the sanitary and environmental effects of land disposal. The careful assessment of biosolid quality shows that, when appropriately managed, the environmental risks of their uses can be minimized by chemical stabilization, and biosolids could even be used as fertilizer and soil conditioner. A research study of biosolid stabilization was performed using lime as a standard process compared to potassium ferrate (VI). The chances of leaching and solubilization of metals were tested, simulating conditions for disposal in the environment. The sanitary effectiveness in terms of pathogens (bacteria, fungi and helminth eggs) were also evaluated. Experiments were performed on the lime and ferrate(VI) treatment of compounds such as ammonia, nitrate, soluble sulphides, and total sulphates, indicators of odouriferous offensive compounds which might occasionally prevent some uses of the solids, and the results are presented in this paper. Wastewater Treatment Plants emit offensive odours generated during the sewage treatment process, as well as during the treatment and the management of biosolids. This occurs in the drying beds and the spreading of biosolids on land, due to the high concentrations of sulphur compounds, nitrogen compounds, acids and organic compounds (aldehydes and ketones). The potassium ferrate(VI) utilized in the research is a powerful oxidizing agent throughout the pH scale, with the advantage of not generating by-products which will cause toxicity or mutagenicity (DE LUCA, 1981). The ion ferrate(VI) has greater oxidizing power than permanganate, e.g., it oxidizes reduced sulfur forms to sulphate, ammonia to nitrate, hypochlorite to chlorite and chlorite to chlorate(DE LUCA et al., 1992; CHAO et al., 1992). This paper shows that, as expected, the potassium ferrate (VI) treatment replaces several chemical products utilized for odour control of sludges, mainly aggressive odours caused by ammonia and sulphides, through the formation of precipitates with iron compounds. Ferrate (VI) has often been shown to destroy soluble sulphides, transforming them into sulphate. The generation of oxygen in the decomposition of ferrate(VI) increases its oxidizing power. Ferrate(VI) applied to sludges also has the double effect of transforming ammonia into nitrates, such that this product takes the place of sulphates, acting as an electron acceptor, thus preventing the development of further odours when biosolids are utilized.

scholarly journals ANN-Based Soft Sensor to Predict Effluent Violations in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Pisa ◽  
Ignacio Santín ◽  
Jose Vicario ◽  
Antoni Morell ◽  
Ramon Vilanova
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Soft Sensor ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) form an industry whose main goal is to reduce water’s pollutant products, which are harmful to the environment at high concentrations. In addition, regulations are applied by administrations to limit pollutant concentrations in effluent. In this context, control strategies have been adopted by WWTPs to avoid violating these limits; however, some violations still occur. For that reason, this work proposes the deployment of an artificial neural network (ANN)-based soft sensor in which a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) network is used to generate predictions of nitrogen-derived components, specifically ammonium ( S N H ) and total nitrogen ( S N t o t ). S N t o t is a limiting nutrient and can therefore cause eutrophication, while nitrogen in the S N H form is toxic to aquatic life. These parameters are used by control strategies to allow actions to be taken in advance and only when violations are predicted. Since predictions complement control strategies, the evaluation of the ANN-based soft sensor was carried out using the Benchmark Simulation Model N.2. (BSM2) and three different control strategies (from low to high control complexity). Results show that our proposed method is able to predict nitrogen-derived products with good accuracy: the probability of detecting violations of BSM2’s limits is 86%–94%. Moreover, the prediction accuracy can be improved by calibrating the soft sensor; for example, perfect prediction of all future violations can be achieved at the expense of increasing the false positive rate.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli ◽  
Carlo Collivignarelli ◽  
Marco Carnevale Miino ◽  
Alessandro Abbà ◽  
Roberta Pedrazzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Infected People

AbstractAs for the SARS coronavirus in the 2003 epidemic, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated in faeces and, in some cases, urine of infected people, as well as in wastewater. This paper proposes a critical review of the state of the art regarding studies on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and sewage sludge, the factors affecting its inactivation and the main proposed treatments, with the aim to provide useful information at operative level in order to better and safer manage wastewater and sewage sludge. Given the lack of literature on SARS-CoV-2, studies involving other HCoVs such as SARS-CoV and HCoV-229E have been also considered. In wastewater, the resistance of SARS-CoV has proven to be very limited, especially at temperatures above 20 °C, and the virus has been easily removed with the use of chlorine (> 0.5 mg L−1 for 30 min). For sewage sludge, based on in vitro experiments, it is suggested to increase the retention times before a possible reuse in agriculture only for precautionary purposes, since SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to occur in the sludge. SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater might track the epidemic trends: although being extremely promising, an effective and wide application of this approach requires a deeper knowledge of the amounts of viruses excreted through the faeces and the actual detectability of viral RNA in sewage.

scholarly journals Fate and mass loading of antibiotics in hospital and domestic wastewater treatment plants in Bangkok, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donwichai Sinthuchai ◽  
Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon ◽  
Pitchaya Piyaviriyakul ◽  
Narin Boontanon ◽  
Ranjna Jindal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment, especially in low- to middle-income countries. This study investigated the occurrence, relative abundance, and fate of eight antibiotics at each treatment stage in four domestic and four hospital wastewater treatment plants (dWWTPs and hWWTPs, respectively), as well as mass loadings into the receiving water environments in Bangkok, Thailand. Samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Antibiotic concentrations were higher in hWWTPs than dWWTPs; approximately 60 times for influents and 10 times for effluents. Ciprofloxacin concentration increased in most dWWTPs, especially in the aeration unit and return sludge, suggesting that it predominantly occurred in the solid phase. Sulfamethoxazole predominantly occurred in the dissolved form, which is more difficult to degrade, and exhibited high concentrations in effluent. Moreover, antibiotic pollutant loadings were approximately 30–3,530 times higher from dWWTPs than from hWWTPs due to higher daily discharges from the domestic sector. These plants are a major point source of antibiotic residue release to aquatic environments; thus, their efficiency should be improved by incorporating advanced treatment processes to ensure effective removal of antibiotics.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF BIOCHEMICAL GAS TREATMENT IN THE WORKING AREA OF CLOSED WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Belousova ◽  
◽  
N.V. Kondakova ◽  
S.N. Reznikova ◽  
N.S. Serpokrilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Purification ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

The results of the study of gas emissions from blocked wastewater treatment plants are presented. During the experiment, high concentrations of sulfur dioxide were detected. The analysis of methods for reducing the concentration of pollutants in the air of the working area of the aeration station was carried out. It is proposed to use a biochemical purification using a biofilter with a load of bark and biohumus. A model of the installation was constructed. To determine the technological parameters of the biofilter considered different types of combinations (height, moisture, particle size) of the carrier biomass and supporting layer of gravel, the effective processing time of the gas mixture. A decrease in sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and formaldehyde was found. Additional advantages of the applied biologically active filter material are given.

Recycling of phosphorus in urban Sweden: a historical overview to guide a strategy for the future

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina-Simone Schmid Neset ◽  
Jan-Olof Drangert ◽  
Hans-Peter Bader ◽  
Ruth Scheidegger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Human History ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Very High

Sustainable sanitation and food security have been issues in all human history although named differently. This study describes the evolution of sanitation arrangements in the Swedish town Linköping for the period 1870–2000. The flow of phosphorus from food consumption is estimated for the period and its output is divided into gainful reuse in agriculture and energy production and (harmful) losses to the hydrosphere and landfills. The rate of gainful reuse varies dramatically, from very high, up until the 1920s, followed by a drop to almost zero around 1950. Reuse was picking up since the introduction of a phosphorus removal unit at wastewater treatment plants and application of sludge in agriculture from the 1970s, but was followed by a sharp decline at the end of the 20th century. The results from Linköping are applied to scenarios for Sweden as a whole and extended to some anticipated implications for the world in the years to come.

SEMICENTRALISED WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT: OPTIONS FOR THE DYNAMIC URBAN AREA OF HANOI, VIETNAM

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 285-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOPHIE SCHRAMM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Supply And Treatment ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is experiencing rapid urbanisation coupled with high economic growth rates. This situation is both a challenge and an opportunity for the upgrading of existing technical infrastructures. Regarding wastewater treatment, the situation in Hanoi today is characterised by a lack of wastewater treatment plants, processing only a small fraction of the accumulating wastewater. Prevalent means of sanitation are septic tanks installed under buildings for the collection of domestic wastewaters, with overflowing liquids draining into the groundwater in an uncontrolled manner. This decentralised means of sanitation is therefore currently not able to clean domestic wastewaters in an effective way. This paper explores circumstances under which a semi-centralised approach can offer a sustainable solution to cope with these challenges in Hanoi. The approach has been designed to meet the challenges of fast growing urban areas around the world.

scholarly journals The biological treatment of laboratory SBR model with biofilm

2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 03029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Ha Quan ◽  
Elena Gogina ◽  
Tran Van Quang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Main Task ◽  
The World

All around the world, activated sludge is the classical and traditional biological wastewater treatment for municipal and industrial wastewater. With the development of social and technology, the concentration of pollutants has been increased, so the performance of the old wastewater treatment plants not guaranteed. Therefore, upgrade and reconstruction wastewater treatment system becomes the main task of protection environment, especially in the developing countries. Application biofilms in process biological wastewater treatment is one of technology method and it has many advantages. In the Sequencing Batch Reactor, the Mutag BioChip 25TM provides to the bacteria an optimal habitat at the surface area, increasing rate of Utilization of Substrates 20 – 30% and efficiency of organic matter removal from 10 – 15%.

Occurrence of Phthalate Esters in Sewage Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Shanghai, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 926-929
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Zhi Hao Wen ◽  
Li Zao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Mass Loading ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Sludge Application

The widely use of phthalate esters (PAEs) in both industry and commercial products leads to their ubiquitous existence in the environment. In this study, sewage samples were collected from Several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, China to investigate the levels and profiles of PAEs. Of the 16 PAEs, DMP, DEP, DnBP, DiBP, DCHP, DEHP, DnNP and DnOP were present in all sludge samples. DEHP and DnBP are found to be the dominant PAEs in sludge, and the average concentration of DEHP in this study is at a medium magnitude in the world. Following sludge application in farmland, the annual mass loading of PAEs is up to 32,000 kg. However, further studies are needed to explore the metabolites of PAEs in sludge since they are easily biodegraded in WWTP process.

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