scholarly journals COVID-19 RELATED IMMUNIZATION DISRUPTIONS IN RAJASTHAN, INDIA: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Jain ◽  
Ambika Chopra ◽  
Camille Falézan ◽  
Mustufa Patel ◽  
Pascaline Dupas
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACTIntroductionGovernments around the world suspended immunization outreach to control COVID-19 spread. Many have since resumed services with an emphasis on catch-up vaccinations to reach children with missed vaccinations. This paper evaluated immunization disruptions during India’s March-May 2020 lockdown and the extent to which subsequent catch-up efforts reversed them in Rajasthan, India.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we conducted phone surveys to collect immunization details for 2,144 children that turned one year old between January and October 2020. We used logistic regressions to compare differences in immunization timeliness and completed first-year immunization status among children that were due immunizations just before (unexposed), during (heavily exposed), and after (post-exposure) the lockdown.ResultsRelative to unexposed children, heavily exposed children were significantly less likely to be immunized at or before 9 months (OR 0.550; 95%CI 0.367-0.824; p=0.004), but more likely to be immunized at 10-12 months (OR 1.761; 95%CI 1.196-2.591; p=0.004). They were also less likely to have completed their key first-year immunizations (OR 0.624; 95%CI 0.478-0.816; p=0.001) by the time of survey. In contrast, post-exposure children showed no difference in timeliness or completed first-year immunizations relative to unexposed children, and their immunization coverage was 6.9pp above heavily exposed children despite their younger age. Declines in immunization coverage were larger among children in households that were poorer, less educated, lower caste, and residing in COVID red zones, although subgroup comparisons were not statistically significant.ConclusionDisruptions to immunization services resulted in children missing immunization during the lockdown, but catch-up efforts after it was eased ensured many children were reached at later ages. Nevertheless, catch-up was incomplete and children due their immunizations during the lockdown remained less likely to be fully immunized 4-5 months after it lifted, even as younger cohorts due immunizations in June or later returned to pre-lockdown schedules.

scholarly journals Trends in Hospital Admissions for Pertussis Infection: A Nationwide Retrospective Observational Study in Italy, 2002–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiasca ◽  
Gabutti ◽  
Mattei
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pertussis Infection

Background: Pertussis is a highly contagious infectious disease which continues to be an important public-health issue despite the high immunization coverage rates achieved. However, evidence of increased circulation of pertussis among adolescents and adults due to waning immunity and atypical clinical manifestations seem to be the main reasons for its resurgence. The aim of this study was the analysis of the epidemiological trend for pertussis-related hospitalizations in Italy, in relation with vaccination coverage and information from laboratory confirmed cases of pertussis. Methods: A retrospective observational study investigating hospitalizations for pertussis from 2002 to 2016 in Italy was conducted. Frequencies and rates of hospitalization were analyzed and hospitalization data were compared with a series of already published laboratory confirmed data. Results: This study highlighted a rising trend for pertussis hospitalizations in Italy since 2008. Infants aged <1 year showed the highest frequencies (63.39%) and average rates (74.60 × 100000 infants) of hospitalization despite an extremely high vaccination coverage (95.89%). An increasing trend of hospitalization frequency emerged for the age group with levels of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin compatible with pertussis infection within the last year (20–29 years old age group). Conclusions: The rising trend for pertussis hospitalizations and the greater involvement of infants aged <1 year require an integrated approach, including the implementation of booster doses administration in adolescence and adulthood, the vaccination of pregnant women and the cocoon strategy.

scholarly journals Drug utilization study of antipsychotics among schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital: a retrospective observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Sahana M. Mogali ◽  
Basavaraj C. Kotinatot
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Drug Utilization Study ◽  
One Year

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year. Demographic data and drug utilization pattern of antipsychotics was collected from the surveyed prescriptions. Using WHO prescribing indicators data was analysed. Results were expressed in percentage.Results: Out of 300 prescriptions analysed, males were 58% and females 42%. Majority of schizophrenia patients were in age group of 15 to 45 years 70.33%. Olanzapine 75% was most common antipsychotic drug prescribed followed by risperidone 10.7%. Haloperidol 9.6%, fluphenazine 3.7% and chlorpromazine 1% were the other antipsychotics prescribed. Atypical antipsychotics 85.7% were commonly prescribed than conventional ones 4.3%. Concomitant drugs prescribed were anticholinergics, antihistaminics, sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antiulcer drugs and vitamin B complexes. Average number of drugs prescribed per prescription 3.26.Conclusions: Nowadays atypical antipsychotics are preferred over conventional ones because of their less side effects. Drug utilization study helps in rational usage of drugs important for patient care.

scholarly journals PENYULUHAN IMUNISASI DASAR ANAK PADA MASA ADAPTASI KEBIASAAN BARU

2021 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Hesteria Friska Armynia Subratha
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Performance Achievement ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Education Activity ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Village

<p><em>The government has designated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a non-natural disaster in the form of an outbreak/pandemic, this determination is followed by efforts to prevent the spread of the corona virus through social restrictions, including restrictions on crowds, travel restrictions, implementation of isolation, delays and cancellations. events, as well as the closure of facilities and public service arrangements. This condition also affects the schedule and procedures for immunization services both at posyandu, puskesmas and other health facilities, including private ones). Nationally, Regency/City Immunization Coverage which reaches 80% of complete basic immunization is 37.2% of the target of 79.3% or the percentage of performance achievement is 46.9%. Universal Child Immunization (UCI) Villages are villages where 80% of the total number of infants in the village have received complete basic immunization within one year. The coverage of UCI Villages/Urbans in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province in 2020 is 99.3%, a decrease from 2019 which reached 100%. Through this health education activity, it is expected to increase public knowledge about basic immunization for children during the adaptation period of new habits at the Posyandu, Kekeran Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency, Bali with various efforts in joint activities with all parties.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Demographic and clinic-angiographic profile of coronary artery disease in young adults: a retrospective observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalatendu Swain ◽  
Prabhat Nalini Routray
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
One Year

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and its complications are on an increased trend in the younger age group. In this study we aimed to identify the different risk factor profile and coronary angiographic characteristics of young adults presenting with coronary artery disease.Methods: We conducted this retrospective observational study at SCB MC and H and Ashwini Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India over a period of one year from June 2016 to June 2017 on 170 patients who undergone coronary angiogram. Inclusion criteria being patients admitted for STEMI, NSTEMI, or UA, age <40 years and those who underwent coronary angiography. All patients who underwent coronary angiography for surgical fitness e.g., patients of rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease were excluded from the study.Results: Among the 150 cases included in the study, 85.3%were males and 14.7% were females. Maximum number of cases i.e. 71.3% were in the age group 36-40 yr, while 23.3% were between 31-35 and 5.4% were between 25-30 age group. Among 150 cases with critical CAD, SVD was most prevalent seen in 68.7% cases, followed by DVD in 22.6% and TVD in 8.7% cases.Conclusions: Incidence of critical CAD in young adults is quite high. Young patients with CAD are mainly males, and SVD is more common. Comparative analysis of young patients with STEMI and NTEMI/ UA revealed that SVD was predominantly involved in STEMI group, whereas TVD was predominant in NSTEMI/UA group.

scholarly journals Opioid prescribing patterns among medical providers in the United States, 2003-17: retrospective, observational study

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. l6968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew V Kiang ◽  
Keith Humphreys ◽  
Mark R Cullen ◽  
Sanjay Basu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
One Year ◽  
Improving Patient Care

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the distribution and patterns of opioid prescribing in the United States.DesignRetrospective, observational study.SettingNational private insurer covering all 50 US states and Washington DC.ParticipantsAn annual average of 669 495 providers prescribing 8.9 million opioid prescriptions to 3.9 million patients from 2003 through 2017.Main outcome measuresStandardized doses of opioids in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) and number of opioid prescriptions.ResultsIn 2017, the top 1% of providers accounted for 49% of all opioid doses and 27% of all opioid prescriptions. In absolute terms, the top 1% of providers prescribed an average of 748 000 MMEs—nearly 1000 times more than the middle 1%. At least half of all providers in the top 1% in one year were also in the top 1% in adjacent years. More than two fifths of all prescriptions written by the top 1% of providers were for more than 50 MMEs a day and over four fifths were for longer than seven days. In contrast, prescriptions written by the bottom 99% of providers were below these thresholds, with 86% of prescriptions for less than 50 MMEs a day and 71% for fewer than seven days. Providers prescribing high amounts of opioids and patients receiving high amounts of opioids persisted over time, with over half of both appearing in adjacent years.ConclusionsMost prescriptions written by the majority of providers are under the recommended thresholds, suggesting that most US providers are careful in their prescribing. Interventions focusing on this group of providers are unlikely to effect beneficial change and could induce unnecessary burden. A large proportion of providers have established relationships with their patients over multiple years. Interventions to reduce inappropriate opioid prescribing should be focused on improving patient care, management of patients with complex pain, and reducing comorbidities rather than seeking to enforce a threshold for prescribing.

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