scholarly journals Recent SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in a national, community-based prospective cohort of U.S. adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Nash ◽  
Madhura Rane ◽  
Mindy Chang ◽  
Sarah Gorrell Kulkarni ◽  
Rebecca Zimba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Community ◽  
Epidemiologic Risk

SHORT ABSTRACTEpidemiologic risk factors for incident SARS-CoV-2 infection are best characterized via prospective cohort studies, complementing case-based surveillance and cross-sectional seroprevalence studies. In March 2020, we launched the CHASING COVID Cohort Study, a national, community-based prospective cohort study of 6,745 U.S. adults who underwent at-home specimen collection for repeat serologic testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We identify and quantify several policy-sensitive risk factors for recent SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion, highlight persistent racial/ethnic disparities in incidence, document continued elevated risk among essential workers, and call attention to major gaps in the coverage of public health interventions aimed at testing, isolation, and contact tracing. We conclude that modifiable risk factors and poor reach of public health strategies drive SARS-CoV-2 transmission and inequities across the U.S.

scholarly journals Risk of preterm birth associated with maternal gingival inflammation and oral hygiene behaviours in rural Nepal: a community-based, prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e036515
Author(s):  
Daniel J Erchick ◽  
Subarna K Khatry ◽  
Nitin K Agrawal ◽  
Joanne Katz ◽  
Steven C LeClerq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
In Pregnancy

ObjectivesObservational studies have identified associations between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes, but randomised controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of periodontal therapy have yielded inconsistent results. Few studies have explored relationships between gingival inflammation and these outcomes or been conducted in rural, low-income communities, where confounding risk factors differ from other settings.MethodsWe conducted a community-based, prospective cohort study with the aim of estimating associations between the extent of gingival inflammation in pregnant women and incidence of preterm birth in rural Nepal. Our primary exposure was gingival inflammation, defined as bleeding on probing (BOP) ≥10%, stratified by BOP <30% and BOP ≥30%. A secondary exposure, mild periodontitis, was defined as ≥2 interproximal sites with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm (different teeth) or one site with PD ≥5 mm. Our primary outcome was preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation). We used Poisson regression to model this relationship, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf 1394 participants, 554 (39.7%) had gingival inflammation, 54 (3.9%) mild periodontitis and 197 (14.1%) delivered preterm. In the adjusted regression model, increasing extent of gingival inflammation was associated with a non-significant increase in risk of preterm birth (BOP ≥30% vs no BOP: adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.37, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.32). A secondary analysis, stratifying participants by when in pregnancy their oral health status was assessed, showed an association between gingival inflammation and preterm birth among women examined in their first trimester (BOP ≥30% vs no BOP: aRR 2.57, 95% CI: 1.11 to 5.95), but not later in pregnancy (BOP ≥30% vs no BOP: aRR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.52 to 2.11).ConclusionsGingival inflammation in women examined early in pregnancy and poor oral hygiene behaviours were risk factors for preterm birth. Future studies should evaluate community-based oral health interventions that specifically target gingival inflammation, delivered early in or before pregnancy, on preterm birth.Trial registration numberNepal Oil Massage Study, NCT01177111.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional prevalence and risk factors for otitis media and hearing loss in Australian children aged 5 to 7 years: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Brennan-Jones ◽  
Hrehan H. Hakeem ◽  
Cheryl Da Costa ◽  
Weijie Weng ◽  
Andrew J. O. Whitehouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Perinatal death in Northern Uganda: incidence and risk factors in a community-based prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1859823
Author(s):  
Anna Agnes Ojok Arach ◽  
James K. Tumwine ◽  
Noeline Nakasujja ◽  
Grace Ndeezi ◽  
Juliet Kiguli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Community Based

scholarly journals Offspring Study of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease: Objectives and Design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Manly ◽  
Miguel Arce Rentería ◽  
Justina F. Avila-Rieger ◽  
Indira C. Turney ◽  
Jet M.J. Vonk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged People

The Offspring Study of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease began in 2017 to identify biological and sociocultural mechanisms of disparities in cognitive function among middle-aged people with and without a parent with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This article outlines the objectives and design of this prospective cohort study aimed at advancing the understanding of risk factors among middle aged offspring in order to clarify pathways to AD, and provides background on recruitment and retention of this diverse cohort.

scholarly journals Cohort profile: a national, community-based prospective cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outcomes in the USA—the CHASING COVID Cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e048778
Author(s):  
McKaylee M Robertson ◽  
Sarah Gorrell Kulkarni ◽  
Madhura Rane ◽  
Shivani Kochhar ◽  
Amanda Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe Communities, Households and SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study is a community-based prospective cohort study launched during the upswing of the USA COVID-19 epidemic. The objectives of the cohort study are to: (1) estimate and evaluate determinants of the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease and deaths; (2) assess the impact of the pandemic on psychosocial and economic outcomes and (3) assess the uptake of pandemic mitigation strategies.ParticipantsWe began enrolling participants from 28 March 2020 using internet-based strategies. Adults≥18 years residing anywhere in the USA or US territories were eligible. 6740 people are enrolled in the cohort, including participants from all 50 US states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and Guam. Participants are contacted regularly to complete study assessments, including interviews and dried blood spot specimen collection for serologic testing.Findings to dateParticipants are geographically and sociodemographically diverse and include essential workers (19%). 84.2% remain engaged in cohort follow-up activities after enrolment. Data have been used to assess SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence, seroincidence and related risk factors at different phases of the US pandemic; the role of household crowding and the presence of children in the household as potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 early in the US pandemic; to describe the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and its relationship to COVID-19 outcomes and other potential stressors; to identify preferences for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing when community transmission is on the rise via a discrete choice experiment and to assess vaccine hesitancy over time and its relationship to vaccine uptake.Future plansThe CHASING COVID Cohort Study has outlined a research agenda that involves ongoing monitoring of the incidence and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 outcomes, mental health outcomes and economic outcomes. Additional priorities include assessing the incidence, prevalence and correlates of long-haul COVID-19.

The Natural Course and Risk Factors for Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy-KNDP Prospective Cohort Study

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1571-P
Author(s):  
HYUN UK MOON ◽  
JA YOUNG JEON ◽  
SOOJIN LEE ◽  
SEUNG JIN HAN ◽  
HAE JIN KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Natural Course

scholarly journals Prenatal Sociodemographic Factors Predicting Maltreatment of Children up to 3 Years Old: A Prospective Cohort Study Using Administrative Data in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2505
Author(s):  
Aya Isumi ◽  
Kunihiko Takahashi ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Prenatal Risk ◽  
Prenatal Risk Factors

Identifying risk factors from pregnancy is essential for preventing child maltreatment. However, few studies have explored prenatal risk factors assessed at pregnancy registration. This study aimed to identify prenatal risk factors for child maltreatment during the first three years of life using population-level survey data from pregnancy notification forms. This prospective cohort study targeted all mothers and their infants enrolled for a 3- to 4-month-old health check between October 2013 and February 2014 in five municipalities in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, and followed them until the child turned 3 years old. Administrative records of registration with Regional Councils for Children Requiring Care (RCCRC), which is suggestive of child maltreatment cases, were linked with survey data from pregnancy notification forms registered at municipalities (n = 893). Exact logistic regression was used for analysis. A total of 11 children (1.2%) were registered with RCCRC by 3 years of age. Unmarried marital status, history of artificial abortion, and smoking during pregnancy were significantly associated with child maltreatment. Prenatal risk scores calculated as the sum of these prenatal risk factors, ranging from 0 to 7, showed high predictive power (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.805; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.660–0.950) at a cut-off score of 2 (sensitivity = 72.7%, specificity = 83.2%). These findings suggest that variables from pregnancy notification forms may be predictors of the risk for child maltreatment by the age of three.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of hypertension in selected towns of Wollega zones, Western Ethiopia, 2019: A community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110245
Author(s):  
Getu Mosisa ◽  
Bikila Regassa ◽  
Bayise Biru
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Hypertension remains an emerging public health problem globally, particularly in developing countries. Age, income level, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, vegetables and fruit consumption, physical activity and chat chewing were some risk factors of hypertension. However, there are limited data on the epidemiology of hypertension in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess Epidemiology of Hypertension among the community of selected towns of Wollega zones. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 June 2019 in selected towns of Wollega zones. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 840 study participants. Data were collected using the WHO STEP wise approach. The data were coded and entered into EpiData 3, and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results: The study included a total of 838 respondents with a response rate of 99.7%. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 189 (22.6%) (95% confidence interval = 19.9%–25.2%). Of this, 108 (12.9%) and 81 (9.7%) of female and male were hypertensive, respectively. Age groups of 30–44 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.65 (1.43, 4.89)), 45–59 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.55 (1.79, 7.04)), above 60 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.97 (1.43, 6.18)), having history of alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29 (2.4, 7.66)), involving in vigorous physical activity (adjusted odds ratio = 0.096 (0.028, 0.33)), not walking to and from the work (adjusted odds ratio = 13.12 (8.34, 20.67)), being overweight (adjusted odds ratio = 1.98 (1.21, 3.25)), inadequate fruits serving per day (adjusted odds ratio = 2.93 (1.75, 4.88)) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be high in the study area. Older age, alcohol consumption, not engaging in vigorous activity, physical inactivity, being overweight and inadequate intake of fruits were found to be risk factors for hypertension. Therefore, health care providers should provide extensive health education and promotion on recommended lifestyle modification to tackle the burden of hypertension.

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