scholarly journals Mito-nuclear variation in transgenerational and reproductive effects of amino acid and lipid nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Dobson ◽  
Luisa Kumpitsch ◽  
Lucas Langer ◽  
Emmely Voigt ◽  
Damian K. Dowling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Variation

AbstractAnimals vary genetically in responses to dietary change. Both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes contribute to this variation, but the role of combinatorial “mito-nuclear” genetic variation is understudied. We do not know whether specific nutrients modify patterns of mito-nuclear variation, nor whether putative epigenetic mechanisms play a role. Here, we show that enriching dietary essential amino acids or lipids modifies patterns of mito-nuclear variation in Drosophila life-history, including transgenerational effects of lipids. Systematically evaluating alternative statistical models revealed that diet-mito-nuclear interactions were a leading driver of phenotypic variation. Mito-nuclear genotype repeatably predicted phenotypic impacts of nutritional changes, but genotypes bearing naturally co-occurring pairs of mitochondria and nuclei did not necessarily outperform novel pairings, suggesting that nutrition-dependent phenotypes cannot easily be optimised by matching mitochondria to coincident nuclear genotypes. These results enhance understanding of how nutrition and genetics sculpt phenotype, with potential implications for human mitochondrial transfer therapies.

scholarly journals Genome analyses of a placozoan rickettsial endosymbiont show a combination of mutualistic and parasitic traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Kamm ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Osigus ◽  
Peter F. Stadler ◽  
Rob DeSalle ◽  
Bernd Schierwater
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Genome Analyses ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

AbstractSymbiotic relationships between eukaryotic hosts and bacteria range from parasitism to mutualism and may deeply influence both partners’ fitness. The presence of intracellular bacteria in the metazoan phylum Placozoa has been reported several times, but without any knowledge about the nature of this relationship and possible implications for the placozoan holobiont. This information may be of crucial significance since little is known about placozoan ecology and how different species adapt to different environmental conditions, despite being almost invariable at the morphological level. We here report on the novel genome of the rickettsial endosymbiont of Trichoplax sp. H2 (strain “Panama”). The combination of eliminated and retained metabolic pathways of the bacterium indicates a potential for a mutualistic as well as for a parasitic relationship, whose outcome could depend on the environmental context. In particular we show that the endosymbiont is dependent on the host for growth and reproduction and that the latter could benefit from a supply with essential amino acids and important cofactors. These findings call for further studies to clarify the actual benefit for the placozoan host and to investigate a possible role of the endosymbiont for ecological separation between placozoan species.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of dietary restriction and the effects of nutrient-free water and amino acid supplements on lifespan and fecundity of Drosophila

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH B. DICK ◽  
CHELSEA R. ROSS ◽  
LEV Y. YAMPOLSKY
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Specific Mortality

SummaryWe measure genetic variation in lifespan and fecundity at two food levels in 34 core lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel collection. Lines were significantly different from each other in lifespan and fecundity at both restricted and full food. There was a strong food-by-line interaction for the slope of age-specific mortality, fecundity and proportion of fertilized eggs, indicating the presence of genetic variation for the strength of the dietary restriction effect, likely to represent standing genetic variation in a natural population from which the lines used have originated. No trade-off between fecundity and lifespan manifested in life-history variation among inbred lines. Our data partially corroborate the recent proposition that availability of nutrient-free water eliminates the apparent dietary restriction at least in some conditions. Although flies on full food with water added had lifespan slightly higher than those without a water source, it was still significantly lower than that in flies on restricted food, with no indication of interaction. We fully corroborate the recently discovered effect of addition of essential amino acids to the medium: addition of 1·5 mM methionine to restricted food significantly increased fecundity without a measurable decrease in lifespan; addition of each of 10 essential amino acids increased fecundity and decreased females lifespan to the levels observed on full food, again with no evidence of line-by-food interactions. We propose a mechanistic hypothesis explaining the observed data, based on the assumption that food consumption by flies is adjusted according to flies’ saturation in water and methionine.

scholarly journals Effects of essential amino acids on food and water intake of rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Harvey Anderson ◽  
Shuqin Luo ◽  
Leonidas Trigazis ◽  
Greta Kubis ◽  
Edmund T. S. Li
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Intake Water ◽  
Comparable Magnitude

This study examined the effects of selected groups of essential amino acids (EAAs), given by gavage, on short-term food and water intake. Amino acid groups were selected on the basis of their common physiologic functions in relation to current hypotheses on the role of amino acids in food intake control, and the quantities given were based on the proportions in 1.5 g of the EAA content of albumin. The complete EAA mixture (1.5 g) suppressed food intake by an average of 60 and 37% during the 1st and 2nd h of feeding, respectively, but had no influence on feeding in the subsequent 12 h. Total daily (14 h) intake was decreased by 9%. With the exception of the aromatic amino acid (Phe + Tyr + Trp, 0.34 g) group, all groups significantly decreased food intake by a comparable magnitude (32%) during the 1st h. In this time period, rats given the EAAs, Arg + Met + Val (0.38 g), and Arg + His + Lys (0.44 g) mixtures increased their water intake, whereas intake by rats given the Phe + Tyr + Trp + Thr (0.46 g) and Ile + Leu + Val (0.45 g) mixtures was unchanged. Thus, the food intake suppression caused by EAAs was not accounted for by an equal effect of its component amino acid groups. As well, food intake suppression by amino acid groups was not explained by increased water consumption, nor was it simply related to the quantity of nitrogen provided by the treatment.Key words: food intake, water intake, essential amino acids.

scholarly journals Effects of symbiotic population impairment on microbiome composition and longevity of Bactrocera dorsalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazarin Akami ◽  
Ousman Tamgue ◽  
Xueming Ren ◽  
Yaohui Wang ◽  
Xuewei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Old Adult

In order to understand the role of symbionts for their insect hosts, it is customary to treat them with antibiotics or to sterilize eggs (treatments), resulting in aposymbiotic and axenic insects, respectively. Such axenic insects can then be compared with untreated controls. Fruit flies often bear complex communities which are greatly reduced by such treatments. However, the bacterial community is not completely eliminated. Here, we examine the effect of these procedures on the structure of the remaining bacterial communities in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and on the insect longevity. The antibiotics (Norfloxacin and Ceftazedime) were administered to 1-day-old adult flies through sugar meal for 7 days, and eggs were surface sterilized and dechorionated to produce axenic lines. The flies were starved of protein before they were offered full diets or diets containing non-essential amino acids only. Antibiotic and egg disinfection treatments resulted in a significant reduction of the vast majority of gut bacterial populations, especially Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. On the other hand, antibiotic allowed the persistence of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria populations. In untreated control flies, longevity was extended irrespective of diet quality in comparison to treated flies. Conversely, when gut bacteria were largely reduced (aposymbiotic and axenic flies), longevity was reduced in the non-essential amino acids diet treatment versus slightly improved in the presence of a protein diet. We discuss these results in an ecological–life-history perspective.

Evaluation of the Role of Nutrition in Lobster Recruitment

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2320-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Castell ◽  
J. C. Kean
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Broodstock Nutrition

Many of the hypotheses and proposals presented here on the role of nutrition in lobster recruitment have been derived from research on other aquatic animals. Little research has focused on the determination of nutritional requirements of lobsters and even that has been primarily with small juveniles (36–1000 mg). Despite the tacit acknowledgement that maternal fecundity and egg viability are a function of quantity and quality of available food, little is known about the nutrition of reproductively mature lobsters. The importance of broodstock nutrition and possible methods for evaluating nutritional status are discussed. Information on protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and lipids is summarized. Additionally, some proposals for field application of nutritional response criteria used in the laboratory are discussed. Though research on larvae adult broodstock nutrition, effects of environmental factors (e.g. temperature, salinity, photoperiod, etc.), as well as many other aspects of nutrition is yet to be done, there is "good opportunity" for nutrition to be a significant part of the current lobster recruitment research program.

The role of nutritional supplementation with essential amino acids in patients with chronic heart failure

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
A. Macchi ◽  
I. Franzoni ◽  
F. Buzzetti ◽  
M. C. Pedrigi ◽  
I. Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation

scholarly journals Determination of Essential Amino Acids Involved in the CD4-Independent Tropism of the X4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 m7NDK Isolate: Role of Potential N Glycosylations in the C2 and V3 Regions of gp120

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 5425-5428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Dumonceaux ◽  
Caroline Goujon ◽  
Veronique Joliot ◽  
Pascale Briand ◽  
Uriel Hazan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Seven mutations in the C2, V3, and C3 regions of gp120 are implicated in the tropism of the first CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate, m7NDK. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that three amino acids are essential to maintain this tropism, one in the C2 region and two in the V3 loop. Two mutations implied N glycosylation modifications.

scholarly journals PERANAN CUMI-CUMI BAGI KESEHATAN

OSEANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Diah Anggraini Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Artificial Leather ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Biomedical Field

THE BENEFITS AND ROLE OF SQUID FOR HEALTH. Squids are rich in protein with a protein content 15-20%. Squids containing macro and micro minerals such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and selenium, besides that squid also comprise essential amino acids such as tryptophan, threonine, methionine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and non-essential amino acids such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, tyrosine, cysteine, serine, proline, glycine, arginine and histidine. Squid ink contain alkaloids that potential as anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and anti-malaria agents. The benefit of Squids in the food industry are an enhancer of flavor and an artificial leather constituent in the biomedical field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document