scholarly journals Variations in phenolic levels in grapevine buds at eco-dormancy after chemically-induced stress conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Daskalakis ◽  
Maritina Stavrakaki ◽  
Kyriaki Sotirakoglou ◽  
Katerina Biniari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
Bud Dormancy Release ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Individual

Viticulture is one of the briskest economic activities worldwide. A major obstacle impeding such grape yields to satisfy the demand for increased production is the insufficient period of chilling temperatures which, due to climate change, is becoming briefer. The shorter period of cold leads to poor budbreak which, in turn, results in reduced yields. To combat this issue, agronomists have resorted to treatments with chemical regulators to meet the chilling requirement for bud dormancy release several fruit-bearing plants have, including grapevines. This study aimed at identifying and quantifying during eco-dormancy the individual polyphenolic compounds, and their possible variations, in the latent buds of the 'Prime©' and 'Ralli' table grape cultivars. The study induced chemical stress by means of four different solutions, at three discrete dates per year, for three consecutive years. Phenolics in the latent buds of the studied varieties were analyzed via HPLC. Their quantitative analysis showed variations both between the varieties and between the samples of those varieties collected after the eight treatments. The analysis indicated that the concentration of phenolics continued progressing during the annual growth cycle of the grapevine, with strong positive correlations being detected between catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, o-coumaric, piceid, procyanidins B1-B2, rutin, ε-viniferin. Luteolin registered a positive correlation with quercetin, resveratrol, o-coumaric, but not with the remaining polyphenols. The results confirmed that (a) the concentration of phenolics of the latent buds is affected by chemically-induced stress conditions, (b) depending on the date of application, significant changes appear in the variations of those phenolics.

scholarly journals Variations in the Levels of Individual Phenolic Compounds in Grapevine Latent Buds during Eco-Dormancy, Following Chemically-Induced Stress Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1798
Author(s):  
Ioannis Daskalakis ◽  
Maritina Stavrakaki ◽  
Kyriaki Sotirakoglou ◽  
Katerina Biniari
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Individual

The goal of viticulture in Greece, where it is one of the country’s briskest economic activities, is satisfying grape yields. Nevertheless, owing to the ongoing climate change, that goal is impeded by a major obstacle in the form of an insufficient period of chilling temperatures which are becoming briefer. Consequently, the shorter period of cold leads to poor budbreak which, in turn, results in reduced yields. In order to meet the chilling requirements that several plants (including the grapevine) require for bud dormancy release, agronomists have resorted to treatments with chemical regulators. This study aimed at identifying and quantifying during eco-dormancy the individual phenolic compounds, together with their possible variations, in the latent buds of the ‘Prime©’ and ‘Ralli’ table grape cultivars. The study induced chemical stress by means of four different solutions, at three discrete dates per year, for three consecutive years. Phenolics were analyzed via HPLC. Their quantitative analysis showed variations both between the varieties and between the samples of those varieties. The analysis indicated that the phenolic content continued progressing during the annual growth cycle. Higher rates of increase in the phenolic content were observed in the first three days following each application, which implies an immediate stress response mechanism. Strong positive correlations were detected between several polyphenols. Luteolin, despite registering a positive correlation with quercetin, resveratrol, o-coumaric, did not do so with the remaining polyphenols. The results confirmed that chemically-induced stress conditions affect the phenolics content. Moreover, depending on the date of application, significant changes appear in the variations of those phenolics.

scholarly journals Post-Anthesis Mobilization of Stem Assimilates in Wheat under Induced Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5940
Author(s):  
Mian Faisal Nazir ◽  
Zareen Sarfraz ◽  
Naimatullah Mangi ◽  
Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah ◽  
Talat Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Direct Cross ◽  
Stem Reserves ◽  
Source Sink

Stem reserves in grain crops are considered important in grain filling under post-anthesis stress in the absence/low availability of photosynthetic assimilates. Considerable variation is present among genotypes for stem reserve translocation in wheat. Therefore, this study aimed to exploit the phenotypic variation for stem reserve translocation in wheat under control and chemically induced stress conditions. The phenotypic variation among six parents and their corresponding direct cross combinations was evaluated under induced stress conditions. The results signify the presence of considerable variation between treatments, genotypes, and treatment-genotype interactions. The parent LLR-20 depicted the highest translocation of dry matter and contribution of post-anthesis assimilates under induced-stress conditions. Similarly, cross combinations Nacozari × LLR22, Nacozari × LLR 20, Nacozari × Parula, Nacozari × LLR 21, LLR 22 × LLR 21, and LLR 20 × LLR 21 showed higher source-sink accumulation under induced-stress conditions. The selected parents and cross combinations can be further utilized in the breeding program to strengthen the genetic basis for stress tolerance in wheat.

Strategies to Protect Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Culture-Induced Stress Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Aerts-Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Induced Stress

: In contrast to their almost unlimited potential for expansion in vivo and despite years of dedicated research and optimization of expansion protocols, the expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) in vitro remains remarkably limited. Increased understanding of the mechanisms that are involved in maintenance, expansion and differentiation of HSCs will enable the development of better protocols for expansion of HSCs. This will allow procurement of HSCs with long-term engraftment potential and a better understanding of the effects of the external influences in and on the hematopoietic niche that may affect HSC function. During collection and culture of HSCs, the cells are exposed to suboptimal conditions that may induce different levels of stress and ultimately affect their self-renewal, differentiation and long-term engraftment potential. Some of these stress factors include normoxia, oxidative stress, extra-physiologic oxygen shock/stress (EPHOSS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, replicative stress, and stress related to DNA damage. Coping with these stress factors may help reduce the negative effects of cell culture on HSC potential, provide a better understanding of the true impact of certain treatments in the absence of confounding stress factors. This may facilitate the development of better ex vivo expansion protocols of HSCs with long-term engraftment potential without induction of stem cell exhaustion by cellular senescence or loss of cell viability. This review summarizes some of available strategies that may be used to protect HSCs from culture-induced stress conditions.

Cytogenetic Observations in Infertile Men Working with Insecticidal Compounds

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorella Shabtai ◽  
Shlomo Bichacho ◽  
Isaac Halbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Chromosomal Breakage ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chromosomal Variants ◽  
Insecticidal Compounds

The negative influence of some insecticides on male fertility has been noted. We report our cytogenetic observations on a group of infertile insecticide workers. Increased chromosomal breakage was a constant finding and the Y chromosome was especially damaged. This may account for impaired spermatogenesis. Furthermore, the involvement of heterochromatic chromosomal variants both in the individual susceptibility to the chemically induced damage and in the reproductive fitness is emphasized.

scholarly journals Regime-Dependent Synchronization of Growth Cycles between Japan and East Asia

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Girardin
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Country Effects ◽  
Positive Correlations

Some studies indicate that correlations between GDP growth in Japan and in emerging East Asian countries are consistently positive; others claim that such correlations are consistently negative. In this analysis of 10 East Asian countries over 1975–2002 using quarterly GDP data, a Markov-switching vector autoregressive system with three growth cycle regimes is used to examine to what extent such correlations are sensitive to third-country effects, transmission mechanisms, and the quality of Japanese output data. After controlling for third-country effects, correlations with Japan are found to be almost uniformly negative. When transmission variables are taken into account, however, positive correlations appear during rapid-growth regimes for China, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea. When higher-quality Japanese output data are used, shocks in these countries are symmetric with Japan's disturbances in growth-recession and rapid-growth regimes. However, synchronization with Japan is never present in the normal-growth regime. Because these five countries are not fully synchronized with Japan, it is probably premature for them to engage in exchange rate arrangements involving the yen.

scholarly journals THE RISKS OF OPERATING A CRYPTOCURRENCY BUSINESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Honak I.
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Card Number ◽  
Bank Card ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Monetary Circulation

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the risks that accompany the activities of economic actors in the cryptocurrency market (both mining and trading) at the micro­ and macro­economic level at the beginning of the third decade of the XXI century. The risks associated with the functioning of economic entities in the market of cryptocurrency coins and such risks are the following: lack of legal regulation on the cryptocurrency market and insurance of owners of assets stored on crypto wallets; use of malware in order to access assets rotating on the cryptocurrency market; hacking attacks on cryptocurrency wallets and exchanges in order to steal cryptoassets; loss of assets deposited into accounts of cryptocurrency exchanges in case of bank-ruptcy or closure of these exchanges; loss of the password used to access the crypto wallet; loss of a secret personal PIN code, which is the key to access funds deposited into the crypto wallet at the exchange and used to transfer assets (cryptocurrencies or fiat currencies) to other crypto wallets or a bank card; erroneous transaction due to one number or letter mistake when transferring from one crypto wallet to another or error (when entering bank card number), when transferring funds from crypto wallet to bank card, a mistake of one or more numbers is possible and funds will be transferred to the wrong addressee, in both cases it is impos-sible to cancel the transaction and funds are lost irrevocably; significant volatility in the value of cryptocurrencies, because of which an investor can go bankrupt. It was revealed that the functioning of the cryptocurrency market is also associated with risks to the national economy and security: monetary policy (reduction of control over monetary circulation due to the replacement of national fiat currency with cryptocurrency coins and the loss of the central bank monopoly on the emission of money and reducing the country's income from seigniorage due to mining cryptocurrencies), financial stability (because of the threat of the outflow of deposits from the banking system and replacing them with investments in cryptocurrencies, the possibility of replacing traditional banking, as well as the possibility of avoiding taxation and shadowing the economy) and national security. It has been proven that the intensive activity of an economic entity associated with mining, trading, investing or other economic activities in the cryptocurrency market requires significant theoretical and practical training of the individual and patience and faith in the future of cryptocurrency market activity because of the probability of losing savings invested in cryptocurrencies or investments.Keywords: risk, cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency market, crypto coin, crypto wallet, Bitcoin, Ethereum, cyberattack. Статтю присвячено дослідженню ризиків, які супроводжують діяльність ринку криптовалют, як майнінгу, так і трейдингу. Охарактеризовано ризики, з якими пов’язане функціонування ринку криптовалют, і такими ризиками є: відсутність правового регулювання та страхування власників криптогаманців; використання шкідливих програм та здійснення хакерських атак на криптогаманці і біржі криптовалют; утрата активів, розміщених на рахунках криптовалютних бірж, у разі банкрутства чи закриття цих бірж; утрата паролю від криптогаманця чи втрата секретного персонального PIN­коду, що є ключем доступу до коштів, розміщених на криптогаманці на біржі; помилкова транзакція (через помилку на одну цифру чи букву) під час переказу з одного криптогаманця до іншого (також під час переказу грошових коштів із криптогаманця на банківську картку можлива помилка на одну чи кілька цифр, і кошти будуть переказані не тому адресанту, якому вони передбачалися); значна волатильність вартості криптовалют. Виявлено, що функціонування ринку криптовалют пов’язане з ризиками для національної економіки: монетарної політики, фі-нансової стабільності, інвестиційної та банківської діяльності. Доведено, що активна діяльність економічного суб’єкта, пов’язана з майнінгом, торгівлею, інвестуванням чи іншою економічною діяльністю на ринку криптовалют, вимагає значної теоретичної і практичної підготовки особи через імовірність утратити заощадження, вкладені у криптоферми чи інвестиції.Ключові слова: ризик, криптовалюта, крипторинок, криптомонета, криптогаманець, Bitcoin, Ethereum, хакерська атака.

scholarly journals Use of Artificial Intelligence for Face Detection with Face Mask in Real Time to Control the Entrance to an Entity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Enrique Lee Huamaní ◽  
◽  
Lilian Ocares Cunyarachi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Face Detection ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Facial Mask ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Company ◽  
Selection Of

Due to the pandemic caused by Covid-19, daily life has changed significantly. For this reason, biosecurity measures have been implemented to prevent the spread of the virus as an effective way to reactivate economic activities. In this sense, the present paper focuses on real-time face detection as a measure of control at the entrance to an entity, thus avoiding the spread of the virus while recognizing the identity of workers despite the use of masks and thus reducing the risk of entry of individuals outside the organization. Therefore, the objective is to contribute to the security of a company through the application of machine learning methodology. The selection of methodology is justified due to the adaptation of the same according to the interests of this project. Consequently, algorithms were used in a progressive manner, obtaining as a result the control system that was intended, since each particularity of the face of the individual was recognized in relation to its corresponding identification. Finally, the results of this article benefit the security of organizations regardless of their field or sector. Keywords— Control, Detection, Facial Recognition, Facial Mask, Face recognition, Machine learning.

scholarly journals Self-efficacy, Adaptability and Intention of Searching for Vocational Guidance in Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Augusto Matteo Ambiel ◽  
Thaline da Cunha Moreira ◽  
Dianniffer Aparecida Oliveira ◽  
Edson Cardoso Pereira ◽  
Débora Noemi Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Vocational Guidance ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Vocational guidance (VG) involves several variables that can help the individual to make a professional choice and build his or her career. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy for professional choice and career adaptability in high school students, as well as to verify possible differences regarding the intention or not to participate in a VG process. 272 students participated in this study, from a public school, aged between 14 and 19 years, 51.5% female. A Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Self-efficacy Scale for Professional Choice (EAE-EP) and the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS-Brazil) were applied. From the Pearson correlation analysis, ANOVA and Cohen’s d, the results indicated positive correlations between the constructs, in addition, it was observed the difference between the students who would like or not to undergo a VG process. Implications for the practice are discussed.

A comparison of Hsp90α and Hsp90β interactions with cochaperones and substrates

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliakbar Taherian ◽  
Patrick H. Krone ◽  
Nick Ovsenek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Substrate Interactions ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Hsp90 Chaperone ◽  
The Individual

Hsp90 chaperone complexes function in assembly, folding, and activation of numerous substrates. The 2 vertebrate homologues encoded by the genes hsp90a and hsp90b are differentially expressed in embryonic and adult tissues and during stress; however, it is not known whether they possess identical functional activities in chaperone complexes. This question was addressed by examining potential differences between the Hsp90 isoforms with respect to both cochaperone and substrate interactions. Epitope-tagged proteins were expressed in mammalian cells or Xenopus oocytes and subjected to immunoprecipitation with an array of cochaperones. Both isoforms were shown to participate equally in multichaperone complexes, and no significant differences in cochaperone distribution were observed. The substrates Raf-1, HSF1, Cdc37, and MEK1 interacted with both Hsp90α and Hsp90β, and the relative patterns of these interactions were not affected by heat shock. The substrate kinases c-Src, CKIIB, A-raf, and Erk interacted with both isoforms; however, significantly more Hsp90α was recovered after heat shock. The data demonstrate that Hsp90α and Hsp90β exhibit similar interactions with cochaperones, but significantly different behaviors with respect to substrate interactions under stress conditions. These results reveal both functional similarities and key functional differences in the individual members of this protein family.

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